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Zoos
Terms modified by Zoos Selected AbstractsEducation, Entertainment, and Institutional Identity at the ZooCURATOR THE MUSEUM JOURNAL, Issue 3 2004Jeffrey Hyson First page of article [source] Investigating attraction compatibility in an East Texas cityINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TOURISM RESEARCH, Issue 3 2008Michael A. Hunt Abstract The study was undertaken in Tyler, Texas, a city of 83 000 population in which the primary tourism attraction is the Caldwell Zoo. The focus was on the compatibility of ancillary attractions to the zoo and their role in adding to the city's cumulative attraction. A sample of 1559 zoo visitors were surveyed. The results revealed that (i) there was a high degree of compatibility between the zoo and other attractions within the city; (ii) tourism spending by those travelling more than 60 miles was significantly higher than those travelling fewer than 60 miles; (iii) expenditures increased as the number of additional attractions visited increased, but started to decrease when the number of attractions totalled to five or more; and (iv) the number of additional attractions visited decreased as the distance travelled increased. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Notes on the development and behaviour of two Binturong Arctictus binturong litters born at Taronga Zoo, SydneyINTERNATIONAL ZOO YEARBOOK, Issue 1 2010L. ABRA Binturongs Arctictus binturong have been maintained at Taronga Zoo, Sydney, Australia, since 1958 and the species bred there for the first time in 1962. In 2005, an unrelated pair were acquired from Singapore Zoo with the intention of establishing a breeding pair. A new purpose-built facility was constructed with suitable space and climbing opportunities. The Binturong pair underwent an introduction programme and they first mated 4 weeks after the initial introduction. A birth plan was formulated, which included the installation of surveillance cameras and not separating the , from the ,. In 2007, two litters of cubs [0.1 and 2.1 (,.,)] were born and developmental data were collected. The data were reviewed and, based on four shared categories, were evaluated and discussed. [source] How to lose a habitat in 5 years: trial and error in the conservation of the Farmland green tree frog Rhacophorus arvalis in TaiwanINTERNATIONAL ZOO YEARBOOK, Issue 1 2008J. C.-W. Taipei Zoo, Taipei Zoological Foundation, the Wild Bird Society of Yunlin and the Farmers' Association of Gukeng Township worked as a team to raise funds for the conservation of the Farmland green tree frog Rhacophorus arvalis. However, after 5 years of giving farmers subsidies to maintain bamboo bushes on their land, the area of the frog's habitat had decreased by more than 50%. This was mainly the result of a change in crops grown on the land, because as the farmers aged they were increasingly unable to carry out the heavy work involved in bamboo growing and they were only being paid low prices for their bamboo-shoot crops. Taipei Zoo and Taipei Zoological Foundation are still working on the conservation of this frog species but we have changed our methods. Instead of giving subsidies to farmers, we are now working to develop a green-label certification system and ecotourism. [source] Hand-rearing a Potto Perodicticus potto at Franklin Park Zoo, BostonINTERNATIONAL ZOO YEARBOOK, Issue 1 2006H. D. BUCKANOFF In August 2001 a Potto Perodicticus potto was born in the Tropical Forest building of Franklin Park Zoo, Boston. The neonate was removed the following day for hand-rearing because its mother, which had a history of providing poor infant care, appeared to be neglecting it. Historically, Pottos in captivity have high rates of neonatal mortality that are frequently associated with maternal neglect. This paper gives detailed information about the methods used to hand-rear this infant successfully. Notes on infant development are presented and the health issues encountered, and medical treatments given, during the first few months are described. [source] Chimpanzee Forest exhibit at Chester ZooINTERNATIONAL ZOO YEARBOOK, Issue 1 2006S. WEHNELT In 2000 an exhibit was altered substantially for Chimpanzees Pan troglodytes at Chester Zoo. A flat grass-covered island was initially planted with over 300 plants of 31 species and a complex climbing structure, made from poles, hammocks, tyres and cargo nets, was erected in the centre of the enclosure. In this article the new Chimpanzee Forest exhibit is described and details of the plantings are given. The ways in which the structure and vegetation have improved the environment and how the Chimpanzees use the redesigned space are also reported. [source] Husbandry and breeding of the Striped possum Dactylopsila trivirgata at London ZSLINTERNATIONAL ZOO YEARBOOK, Issue 1 2005A. McKENNA Detailed information on either wild or captive Striped possums Dactylopsila trivirgata (Gray, 1858) is sparse. In 1996 a number of specimens became available to the European Monotreme and Marsupial Taxon Advisory Group (TAG), which recommended that the animals should be distributed to three zoos (London ZSL, Poznan Zoo and Berlin Zoologischer Garten) so that a management and breeding protocol could be developed in case this fairly common species becomes threatened in the future. London ZSL acquired 3.3 Striped possums to establish a founder captive population and two joeys were born, one in April 1999 and the other in March 2000. This article charts the husbandry protocols, breeding behaviour and infant development for Striped possums in captivity. [source] Situation-dependant management of large parrots by manipulation of the social environmentINTERNATIONAL ZOO YEARBOOK, Issue 1 2000C. E. KING Further exploration of alternative methods of managing large parrots in captivity, that will allow natural behaviours to be expressed, is desirable. Examples of social behavioural management of large parrots at Rotterdam Zoo and other institutions are provided in this article. The topics discussed include group pair selection, group housing and breeding, leaving the young with the parents during successive breeding efforts, managing aggression, foster incubation and foster parenting. [source] A review of hand-reared Goeldi's monkeyINTERNATIONAL ZOO YEARBOOK, Issue 1 2000V. SODARO Since 1977 a breeding group of Goeldi's monkey Callimico goeldii has been maintained at Brookfield Zoo. Between 1977 and 1997 there were 291 births of which 78 infants did not survive. Ninety per cent of the surviving infants have been parent-reared and hand-rearing is only carried out after maternal illness or rejection, or if injuries or other problems affect the infants. At Brookfield Zoo successful hand-rearing of Goeldi's monkey began in about 1979 and has been attempted for 66 (36.30) infants, 20 (10.10) of which survived and 46 (26.20) which did not. Changes to the hand-rearing procedures first outlined in 1982 are described and data are presented on birth mass and patterns of mass gain for successfully hand-reared infants. The circumstances relating to infants that did not survive hand-rearing are also documented. [source] Maternal effort and joey growth in koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus)JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY, Issue 4 2006J. R. Tobey Abstract The extent to which sex-biased maternal investment characterizes mammals is controversial, with less information available for evaluating patterns of maternal effort in marsupials than in placentals. Koalas Phascolarctos cinereus are size-dimorphic animals with a lengthy period of dependency and they reside in mating systems that might favour sex-biased maternal investment. We examined 18 years of data recorded from koalas living at the San Diego Zoo in order to examine how joey development and maternal condition might be connected. Koalas are pregnant for only 1 month, but joey emergence from the pouch does not occur until 32 weeks of age. Neither maternal condition nor age affected sex ratio at joey emergence, and both sexes had the same survivorship prospects. Koala dams transport and nurse joeys for close to 1 year, at which time the two sexes are size dimorphic. Given the poor-quality diet of koalas, combined with maternal transport of infants who are at least 25% of maternal mass, we suggest that infant rearing poses high energetic costs on koala females. We suggest that ecological and energetic constraints have moulded koala maternal strategies such that females maximize allocation of resources to offspring, regardless of sex, in order to increase prospects for joey survivorship. [source] Growth and development of giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) cubs at Beijing ZooJOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY, Issue 2 2001Jianjun Peng Abstract We studied the postnatal body weight gain and development of 11 male and nine female giant panda Ailuropoda melanoleuca cubs born at Beijing Zoo from 1985 to 1998. Growth rates of the cubs appeared to be sexually dimorphic from the fourth month after birth; the male grew slightly faster than the female cubs. Growth rates between artificially fed and naturally fed cubs were significantly different from the fourth month after birth. The growth rate of the artificially fed cubs was slightly higher than that of the cubs fed by their mothers, indicating that the substitute milk satisfied the nutrient needs of the cubs. The body length of the cubs increased rapidly after birth; 8-month-old cubs were three times longer than newborn cubs. Chest circumferences of 8-month-old cubs also increased to twice that of newborn cubs. Tail length relative to body length was reduced from 14.9% at birth to about 8.6% in 8-month-old cubs. Cubs started to grow teeth when they were 3 months old. By the age of 1 year, the cubs had fully grown deciduous teeth. The teeth formula of one 1-year-old cub was 2·1·3·0/2·1·3·0=24. We recorded the changes in fur colour, development of the sense organs and limbs of the giant panda cubs. Finally, we compared the body weight and life-history parameters of giant pandas with those of bears and raccoons and discussed the management regime for the care of captive-born giant panda cubs. [source] Testing extraction and storage parameters for a fecal hormone methodAMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY, Issue 11 2010David J. Pappano Abstract Four experiments were conducted to test different aspects of a "field-friendly" fecal hormone extraction method that utilizes methanol extraction in the field followed by storage on C18 solid-phase extraction cartridges. Fecal samples were collected from geladas (Theropithecus gelada) housed at the Bronx Zoo, and the experiments were conducted in a laboratory setting to ensure maximum control. The experiments were designed to either simulate the conditions to which fecal samples are subjected during fieldwork or improve on an existing protocol. The experiments tested the relationship between fecal hormone metabolite preservation/recovery and: (1) the amount of time a sample is stored at ambient temperature; (2) the number of freeze/thaw cycles a sample undergoes; (3) the effectiveness of different extraction solutions; and (4) the effectiveness of different cartridge washes. For each experiment, samples were assayed by radioimmunoassay for fecal glucocorticoid (GC) and testosterone (T) metabolites. Results for each of the experiments were as follows. First, storage at ambient temperature did not affect hormone levels until 4 weeks of storage, with significant increases for both GC and T metabolites at 4 weeks. Second, hormone levels significantly decreased in samples after two freeze/thaw cycles for GCs and six freeze/thaws cycles for T. Third, for both GCs and T, hormone extraction using various methanol solutions was significantly higher than using 100% ethanol. Finally, using a 20% methanol solution to wash cartridges significantly increased GC levels but had no effect on T levels. These results suggest that, when utilizing C18 cartridges for fecal steroid storage, researchers should consider several methodological options to optimize hormone preservation and recovery from fecal samples. Am. J. Primatol. 72:934,941, 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Variation in dental wear and tooth loss among known-aged, older ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta): a comparison between wild and captive individualsAMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY, Issue 11 2010Frank P. Cuozzo Abstract Tooth wear is generally an age-related phenomenon, often assumed to occur at similar rates within populations of primates and other mammals, and has been suggested as a correlate of reduced offspring survival among wild lemurs. Few long-term wild studies have combined detailed study of primate behavior and ecology with dental analyses. Here, we present data on dental wear and tooth loss in older (>10 years old) wild and captive ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta). Among older ring-tailed lemurs at the Beza Mahafaly Special Reserve (BMSR), Madagascar (n=6), the percentage of severe dental wear and tooth loss ranges from 6 to 50%. Among these six individuals, the oldest (19 years old) exhibits the second lowest frequency of tooth loss (14%). The majority of captive lemurs at the Indianapolis Zoo (n=7) are older than the oldest BMSR lemur, yet display significantly less overall tooth wear for 19 of 36 tooth positions, with only two individuals exhibiting antemortem tooth loss. Among the captive lemurs, only one lemur (a nearly 29 year old male) has lost more than one tooth. This individual is only missing anterior teeth, in contrast to lemurs at BMSR, where the majority of lost teeth are postcanine teeth associated with processing specific fallback foods. Postcanine teeth also show significantly more overall wear at BMSR than in the captive sample. At BMSR, degree of severe wear and tooth loss varies in same aged, older individuals, likely reflecting differences in microhabitat, and thus the availability and use of different foods. This pattern becomes apparent before "old age," as seen in individuals as young as 7 years. Among the four "older" female lemurs at BMSR, severe wear and/or tooth loss do not predict offspring survival. Am. J. Primatol. 72:1026,1037, 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Living together: behavior and welfare in single and mixed species groups of capuchin (Cebus apella) and squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus)AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY, Issue 1 2010Rebecca Leonardi Abstract There are potential advantages of housing primates in mixed species exhibits for both the visiting public and the primates themselves. If the primates naturally associate in the wild, it may be more educational and enjoyable for the public to view. Increases in social complexity and stimulation may be enriching for the primates. However, mixed species exhibits might also create welfare problems such as stress from interspecific aggression. We present data on the behavior of single and mixed species groups of capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella) and squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) housed at the Living Links to Human Evolution Research Centre in the Royal Zoological Society of Scotland's Edinburgh Zoo. These species associate in the wild, gaining foraging benefits and decreased predation. But Cebus are also predators themselves with potential risks for the smaller Saimiri. To study their living together we took scan samples at ,15,min intervals on single (n=109) and mixed species groups (n=152), and all occurrences of intraspecific aggression and interspecific interactions were recorded. We found no evidence of chronic stress and Saimiri actively chose to associate with Cebus. On 79% of scans, the two species simultaneously occupied the same part of their enclosure. No vertical displacement was observed. Interspecific interactions were common (>2.5/hr), and equally divided among mildly aggressive, neutral, and affiliative interactions such as play. Only one aggressive interaction involved physical contact and was non-injurious. Aggressive interactions were mostly (65%) displacements and vocal exchanges, initiated almost equally by Cebus and Saimiri. Modifications to the enclosure were successful in reducing these mildly aggressive interactions with affiliative interactions increasing in frequency and diversity. Our data suggest that in carefully designed, large enclosures, naturally associating monkeys are able to live harmoniously and are enriched by each other. Am. J. Primatol. 72:33,47, 2010. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Patterns of reproduction in Malayan silvered leaf monkeys at the Bronx ZooAMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY, Issue 10 2009Nichole Shelmidine Abstract Within phylogenetic limits reproductive characteristics of a given species may vary between populations in response to ecological and social factors. For instance, in environments where high quality nutrition is readily available, the onset and speed of reproduction are often accelerated. Other influencing factors might be maternal experience or the sex of the infant. Here we present data on reproductive characteristics for the silvered leaf monkey (Trachypithecus cristatus), a medium-sized Asian colobine housed at the Wildlife Conservation Society's Bronx Zoo as a one-male group. To place the species into an appropriate phylogenetic context, we limited our comparison to other colobine species. Demographic data span 21.4 years (October 1985 to March 2007) and derive from 30 adult females (128.0 female years). Detailed behavioral data stem from a 2.2 years study (November 2002 to January 2005; 734 days, 4,225,hr). As in other Asian colobines, receptive periods were short (mean=4.3 days, n=68). This is expected for one-male groups where receptivity likely indicates, rather than conceals, ovulation. Gestation length was estimated based on a change in the pattern of sexual behavior (mean=194.6 days, n=7). It fell within the range reported for the taxon. Births occurred year round, at an early age (mean=2.9 years, n=8), at short intervals (mean=14.9 months, n=59) in combination with a short lactation (mean 12.1 months, n=9) likely due to the nearly unlimited availability of nutrition in this zoo setting. Primiparous females tended to have a longer first interbirth interval but infant survival rates were similar to multipara possibly due to the absence of predators. Maternal investment was independent of the infant's sex and birth sex ratio was even. Our results emphasize that when interpreted with caution, zoo populations yield realistic reproductive characteristics that can help fill the gap in our knowledge about colobine life history. Am. J. Primatol. 71:852,859, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Reconciliation, consolation and postconflict behavioral specificity in chimpanzeesAMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY, Issue 12 2008Orlaith N. Fraser Abstract Conflicts of interest arise regularly in the lives of all group-living animals and may escalate into aggressive conflicts. The costs of aggressive escalation can be reduced through peaceful postconflict interactions. This study investigated the postconflict behavior of 22 adult chimpanzees at Chester Zoo. The occurrence of reconciliation, i.e. the postconflict affiliative reunion between conflict opponents, and consolation, i.e. a postconflict affiliative interaction directed from a third party to the recipient of aggression, were demonstrated. Consolation was more likely to occur in the absence of reconciliation than after reconciliation, and reconciliation was more likely to occur in the absence of consolation than after consolation, supporting the hypothesis that consolation acts as a substitute for reconciliation when the latter fails to occur. Evidence for behavioral specificity, i.e. context-specific use of certain behaviors, was found for both reconciliation and consolation, which, along with high conciliatory tendencies, suggests an explicit style of postconflict behavior in the study subjects. Am. J. Primatol. 70:1114,1123, 2008. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] The relationship between locomotor behavior and limb morphology in brown (Cebus apella) and weeper (Cebus olivaceus) capuchinsAMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY, Issue 7 2007Kristin A. Wright Abstract This study is a comparison of locomotor behavior and postcranial form in two species of capuchin monkey, the brown capuchin (Cebus apella), and the weeper capuchin (Cebus olivaceus). Behavioral data from groups of wild C. apella and C. olivaceus in Guyana were collected during the period of December 1999 through November 2000. Postcranial variables including 40 measurements and three indices were taken from 43 adult and subadult specimens of C. apella and 14 adult and subadult specimens of C. olivaceus housed in American museums, as well as two wild-caught adult specimens of C. olivaceus from the Georgetown Zoo in Guyana. The results of this study indicate that these two capuchins exhibit similar patterns of locomotor behavior, but that there are important differences in how they move through their homerange, particularly with respect to quadrupedalism. These differences in behavior are reflected in their postcranial morphology and can be related to differences in foraging strategies. This study provides an example of the importance of using more exclusive categories of quadrupedal behaviors when comparing closely related arboreal quadrupeds, as well as an alternative explanation for some of the postcranial features of C. apella that may relate to foraging postures and foraging strategy rather than traditionally categorized patterns of locomotor behavior. Am. J. Primatol. 69:736,756. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Genital swellings in silvered langurs: what do they indicate?AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY, Issue 5 2007Nichole Shelmidine Abstract The occurrence of genital swellings was examined in adult female silvered langurs (Trachypithecus cristatus). In contrast to the exaggerated swellings found in cercopithecines and apes, genital swellings in silvered langurs are confined to the vulva and the surrounding perineum, but they may nevertheless convey information similar to that of exaggerated swellings (i.e., correlate with the receptive period and fertility). If so, genital swellings would be expected to occur most frequently in cycling females, and sexual behavior and male interest should most frequently involve females with swellings. Swellings during gestation, if they occur at all, should be most pronounced at the beginning. Swelling sizes (in three size categories) in nine adult females were examined throughout different reproductive states (cycling, pregnant, and lactating), and in relation to proceptivity, receptivity, and attractivity. Data were collected from November 2002 through March 2004 (on 500 of the 502 calendar days) at the Wildlife Conservation Society's Bronx Zoo. Female sexual behavior (proceptivity and receptivity) and male inspection (attractivity) were recorded each day for 6,hr by video camera (2,948,hr total) and analyzed as present or absent for each female day. Swellings were assessed directly (not from videotapes). In contrast to the predictions, swellings occurred significantly less frequently in cycling females (compared to pregnant females) and no regular, cyclic pattern could be detected. Some females conceived without a swelling. Female attractivity was independent of swellings but coincided with proceptive behavior. Swellings occurred most frequently in pregnant females, especially toward the end of the gestation period. Therefore, genital swellings in silvered langurs are not similar to exaggerated swellings or the smaller genital swellings that have been described for some other primates. It is currently not clear what they signal to conspecifics. Male behavior needs to be studied in more detail, and the hormonal basis for these swellings should be explored. Am. J. Primatol. 69:519,532, 2007. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] The Occurrence and Ape-to-Ape Transmission of the Entodiniomorphid Ciliate Troglodytella abrassarti in Captive GorillasTHE JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 1 2009DAVID MODRÝ ABSTRACT. Entodiniomorphid ciliates are often present in the colons of wild apes. In captive apes the infection tends to gradually disappear, with the exception of Troglodytella abrassarti. We used fecal examinations to screen the gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) in European (Czech Republic, UK) and Australian Zoos to explore the ape-to-ape transmission pattern of T. abrassarti. Gorillas from two out of three European Zoos were positive for T. abrassarti, while gorillas from the Australian Zoo were negative. We documented a horizontal transmission of T. abrassarti to a non-infected adult gorilla introduced into a Troglodytella -positive group in the Prague Zoo and traced the origin of the ciliate infection to the Paignton Zoo (UK) using serial fecal examinations. During this study, two infant gorillas born in the Prague Zoo (CZ) first became positive for T. abrassarti at the age of 9 mo. Ciliate morphology and the sequencing of the small subunit rRNA gene and the internal transcribed spacer rDNA spacer region revealed that T. abrassarti affects both captive gorillas and chimpanzees. We conclude that zoo transport plays a major role in the distribution of T. abrassarti among captive gorillas. [source] Reconciliation, relationship quality, and postconflict anxiety: testing the integrated hypothesis in captive chimpanzeesAMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY, Issue 2 2007Sonja E. Koski Abstract Reconciliation is a conflict resolution mechanism that is common to many gregarious species with individualized societies. Reconciliation repairs the damaged relationship between the opponents and decreases postconflict (PC) anxiety. The "integrated hypothesis" links the quality of the opponents' relationship to PC anxiety, since it proposes that conflicts among partners with high relationship quality will yield high levels of PC anxiety, which in turn will lead to an increased likelihood of reconciliation. We tested the integrated hypothesis in captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) in the Arnhem Zoo, The Netherlands. We applied the standard PC/matched control (MC) method. Our results mostly support the integrated hypothesis, in that more valuable and compatible partners (i.e., males and frequent groomers) reconciled more often than less valuable and weakly compatible partners (i.e., females and infrequent groomers). In addition, PC anxiety was higher after conflicts among males than among females. Emotional arousal thus appears to be a mediator facilitating reconciliation. However, in contrast to the predictions derived from the integrated hypothesis, PC anxiety appeared only in aggressees, and not in aggressors, of conflicts. This suggests that while relationship quality determines PC anxiety, it is dependent on the role of the participants in the conflict. Am J Primatol 69:1,15, 2007. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Birth seasonality and interbirth interval of captive Rhinopithecus bietiAMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY, Issue 5 2006Liang-Wei Cui Abstract This study, which is based on 10 years of birth records, shows that black-and-white snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus bieti) in captivity display marked birth seasonality. The birth season starts in December and ends in June, with a peak from March to May, and a median birth date of April 10. More male infants than female ones are born in captivity. More males were born at the Kunming Institute of Zoology (KIZ) than at the Kunming Zoo (KZ). Of 17 interbirth intervals (IBIs), 29% were from females that had lost an infant at <1 year of age or experienced stillbirth, and 71% were from females whose infant survived more than 1 year. The mean IBI for the former group (428±SD 87 days) was significantly shorter than that for the latter group (706±71 days), in agreement with reports of other Colobine species. Infant mortality was lower in captivity than in the field, which may reflect the relatively stable food availability and climate in captivity compared to the harsh conditions in the wild. Am. J. Primatol. 68:1,7, 2006. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] One-male units and clans in a colony of hamadryas baboons (Papio hamadryas hamadryas): effect of male number and clan cohesion on feeding successAMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY, Issue 1 2006Fernando Colmenares Abstract In the multilevel societies of hamadryas baboons, adult males can be attached to single one-male units (OMUs) or to clans containing several such OMUs. This paper examines the effect of male number and rivalry between males within a clan on their ability to compete for access to a clumped food resource. The data come from a study of a multilevel colony of hamadryas baboons (Papio hamadryas hamadryas) housed at the Madrid Zoo. The colony consisted of 12 harem-holding males and 40 sexually mature females, and was organized into five single OMUs and two clans (containing three and four OMUs, respectively). The top-ranking male of one of the clans was removed and later reintroduced, so the study involved an analysis of the composition of clans and OMUs and of the males' use of the feeding area across three study periods: preseparation, separation, and reintroduction. The findings reported indicate that both males and females derived clear advantages in the context of contest competition for access to clumped food if they were members of clans, because the males and females from large clans had a feeding advantage over those from smaller clans and single OMUs. Furthermore, rivalry among males within the clan reduced their ability to compete for food against males outside their clan. This paper provides empirical evidence for one of the potential advantages that hamadryas males may enjoy if they are attached to clans, and also provides empirical support for the general hypothesis that a large number of males in a group may provide fitness-related benefits to the group members, provided they are able to cooperate with each other. Am. J. Primatol. 68:21,37, 2006. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Fecal analysis of ovarian cycles in female black-handed spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi)AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY, Issue 2 2001C.J. Campbell Abstract An enzyme immunoassay (EIA) was applied to characterize the reproductive endocrinology of adult female black-handed spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi). Analysis of paired urine and fecal samples, collected from two females housed at San Diego Zoo, confirmed that the EIAs employed provided quantitative measurements of ovarian sex steroid hormones. Fecal metabolite levels were significantly correlated with those in urine, confirming that feces are a valid source of steroid metabolites in this species. The excretion of these metabolites in feces lagged urinary excretion by 1,2 days. The ovarian cycle profiles of the two captive females and five free-ranging females are comparable, with an average length of approximately 20,23 days. Cyclical bleeding, as previously reported, was observed in one of the two captive females. Pregnancy was detected in four free-ranging females, and early fetal loss for one female was indicated by hormonal data. Am. J. Primatol. 54:79,89, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Europas größte Tropenhalle im Leipziger ZooBETON- UND STAHLBETONBAU, Issue 8 2010Article first published online: 26 JUL 2010 No abstract is available for this article. [source] Developing the Media Zoo in Second LifeBRITISH JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY, Issue 3 2009Matthew Wheeler Second Life (SL), an immersive virtual environment, is increasingly being adopted in education for both formal and informal teaching and learning uses. This paper addresses the process of developing a demonstrator presence in SL, the potential of the system for formal teaching and some practical ideas on how to successfully integrate such emerging technologies into practice. [source] Fotopreis ,Tiere im Zoo'ETHOLOGY, Issue 7 2000Article first published online: 25 DEC 200 [source] Evaluating the Conservation Mission of Zoos, Aquariums, Botanical Gardens, and Natural History MuseumsCONSERVATION BIOLOGY, Issue 1 2004BRIAN MILLER Many of these institutions emphasize a mission of conservation, and, undeniably, they do contribute directly to conservation education and conservation science. They present an exceptional opportunity for many urban residents to see the wonders of life, and they can contribute to education and habitat preservation. Because many collection-based institutions now hold a stated mission of conservation, we suggest eight potential questions to evaluate actions toward that mission: (1) Does conservation thought define policy decisions? (2) Is there sufficient organizational funding for conservation activities? (3) Is there a functional conservation department? (4) Does the institution advocate for conservation? (5) Do conservation education programs effectively target children and adults? (6) Does the institution contribute directly to habitat protection locally and internationally? (7) Do exhibits explain and promote conservation efforts? and (8) Do internal policies and activities protect the environment? These questions are offered as a place to begin discussion. We hope they will help employees and administrators of a collection-based institution (and citizens of the surrounding community) think about and support their institution's conservation activities. Public support and praise for institutions that are striving toward solutions for conservation problems and pressure on organizations that are moving more slowly toward a conservation orientation can help shift more resources toward saving nature. Resumen:,Las instituciones basadas en colecciones (zoológicos, acuarios, museos y jardines botánicos) exhiben vida silvestre. Por lo tanto, tienen una conexión especial con la naturaleza. Muchas de estas instituciones destacan una misión de conservación y, sin duda contribuyen directamente a la educación y la ciencia de la conservación. Brindan una oportunidad excepcional para que muchos residentes urbanos vean las maravillas de la vida, y pueden contribuir a la educación y a la preservación del hábitat. Debido a que en la actualidad muchas de las instituciones basadas en colecciones tienen una misión de conservación manifiesta, sugerimos ocho preguntas potenciales para evaluar las acciones hacia el cumplimiento de esa misión: (1) ¿Las consideraciones sobre la conservación definen las decisiones sobre políticas? (2) ¿Hay suficiente financiamiento organizacional para las actividades de conservación? (3) ¿Hay un departamento de conservación que funcione? (4) ¿La institución aboga por la conservación? (5) ¿Los programas de educación en conservación se enfocan eficientemente sobre niños y adultos? (6) ¿La institución contribuye directamente a la conservación del hábitat a nivel local e internacional? (7) ¿Las exhibiciones explican y promueven los esfuerzos de conservación? y (8) ¿Las políticas y actividades internas protegen el ambiente? Estas preguntas se ofrecen como un marco para iniciar la discusión. Esperamos que ayuden a los empleados y administradores de una institución basada en colecciones (y a los ciudadanos de la comunidad en la que se encuentra) a reflexionar sobre las actividades de conservación de su institución y lograr que las apoyen. El apoyo y el reconocimiento público de aquellas instituciones que pugnan por soluciones para los problemas de conservación y la presión sobre aquellas organizaciones que se están moviendo más lentamente hacia una orientación de conservación pueden ayudar a destinar más recursos para salvaguardar la naturaleza. [source] The Anticipated Utility of Zoos for Developing Moral Concern in ChildrenCURATOR THE MUSEUM JOURNAL, Issue 4 2009John Fraser It proposes a new theory regarding the psychological value of such experiences for the development of identity. The study used a constructivist grounded theory approach to explore parenting perspectives on the value of zoo visits undertaken by eight families from three adjacent inner-city neighborhoods in a major American city. The results suggest that parents use zoo visits as tools for promoting family values. These parents felt that experiences with live animals were necessary to encourage holistic empathy, to extend children's sense of justice to include natural systems, and to model the importance of family relationships. The author concludes that parents find zoos useful as a tool for helping their children to develop skills with altruism, to transfer environmental values, to elevate children's self-esteem, and to inculcate social norms that they believe will aid in their children's social success in the future. [source] The Future of Zoos: A New Model for Cultural InstitutionsCURATOR THE MUSEUM JOURNAL, Issue 1 2007John Fraser World-class zoos have invested substantially in species conservation and animal research as part of their involvement in wildlife conservation. However, zoo exhibit interpretation, policy development, and strategic planning are yet to be organized around a well-developed agenda with a clear set of conservation objectives. As museums increasingly redefine their role in society to speak about alternative futures for living with nature, zoos have the potential to become much more focused cultural change agents, potentially crafting a new vision for how society can live in a productive relationship with the world's remaining biodiversity. This article argues for an activist approach in which institutions with living collections would take on unique conservation tasks including scientifically grounded promotion of conservation values. [source] The Evolution of Zoos from Menageries to Centers of Conservation and CaringCURATOR THE MUSEUM JOURNAL, Issue 3 2004George B. Rabb First page of article [source] | ||||||||||||||||||||||