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Zhejiang Province (zhejiang + province)
Selected AbstractsMixing Deposition of Upper Carboniferous in Jiangshan, Zhejiang Province and its Tectonic SignificanceACTA GEOLOGICA SINICA (ENGLISH EDITION), Issue 2 2010Fusheng GUO Abstract: The Outangdi Formation in Jiangshan, Zhejiang, is the mixing deposit of terrigenous clastics and carbonates in Weiningian of the late Carboniferous. The mixing deposits include interbeddings, which constitute a series of alternated clastic and carbonate beds and mixing within the same bed which forms "hunji rock". The Outangdi Formation has the features of intercalated marine and terrestrial deposits with the progradational sequences, which are lower fine and upper coarse sedimentary granularity in the section. Hunji rock is formed in a seashore environment. It is a mixed carbonate sediment found in beaches or tideland facies with quartz sand taken from a bayou or beach by coastwise flow and circumfluence. There are two kinds of hunji sequences: (1) interbeds of sandstone and carbonate rock in seashore environments; and (2) interbeds of clastics in river facies and carbonate rock in ocean facies. It is indicated that mixing depositions belong to "facies mixing", affected mainly by regional tectonic uplift, rise of the global sea level, and the dynamics of water medium in the basin. Regional sea level periodic changes and progradational sequences probably resulted from the intense uplift of the old land called Cathaysia. The classification and name of mixed sediments are also discussed in the present study. Interbeds and alternated beds of clastic and carbonate beds are named "hunji sequence", a new genetic term. It is suggested that hunji rock means a special sediment event of mixing terrigenous clastics and carbonates instead of a name of a specific rock. [source] Characteristics of the Geotectonics in South China and Their Constraints on Primary DiamondACTA GEOLOGICA SINICA (ENGLISH EDITION), Issue 2 2000TANG Wenquan Abstract The Asian continent is one of the best places in the world to study continental dynamics. In this region the tectonic framework of the South China plate is related to the activity of the Pacific plate and Indian plate since the Mesozoic. In the South China plate, as the ophiolitic mélange of the middle Proterozoic in the Shaoxing-Yingtan-Tengxian-Beihai faulted zone was confirmed to be a subducting ocean, the evolution of the Yangtze block and Cathaysian block, which are located on both sides of the fault zone, becomes clearer and clearer. A primary diamond deposit, which was first found by Bao Chaomin and his colleagues in Longyou County of Zhejiang Province in 1998, originated from kimberlitoid pipes. The pipes are located in the Cretaceous basin beside this deep fault and the diamond-bearing pipe was formed deep within a favourable geological structure. Diamond there occurs as octahedral crystals without visual impurities. There are more than 100 similar pipes in the area, which have been poorly studied so far, so this area should have great prospects for diamond exploration. [source] Trading Land Development Rights under a Planned Land Use System: The "Zhejiang Model"CHINA AND WORLD ECONOMY, Issue 1 2009Hui Wang Q15; Q24; R52; R58 Abstract China's state planned land use system, including regulations such as setting planned quotas for land use, basic cropland preservation, and pursuing a balance between the conversion of arable land into non-agricultural use and the supplement of new agricultural land, has substantially constrained the economic growth of industrial provinces in China. This article explores the innovative reforms adopted by Zhejiang Province through land development rights (LDR) transfer within a locality and LDR trading across localities. We argue that there is a "Zhejiang model of LDR transferring and trading," which, we believe, has significant implications not only for fostering an efficiency-enhancing market for land development rights and agricultural land preservation, but also for optimal use of land and a more balanced regional development. One important policy issue relating to China's rural land system is that under China's land requisition system, farmers are usually under compensated for urban land-taking. [source] TWO NEW SPECIES OF MICROPLITIS FOERSTER (HY-MENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE) FROM CHINA,INSECT SCIENCE, Issue 2 2000XU Wei-an Abstract, The present paper describes two new species of Microplitis Fcerster 1862, viz: Microplitis zhaoi Xu et He sp. nov. and Microplitis choui Xu et He sp. nov. The type specimens are deposited in Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. 1. Microplitis zhaoi sp. nov. is described from Fujian and Zhejiang Provinces in China closely related to Microplitis malimba Papp, but differs from the latter in the combination of the following features: 1) l-R1 shorter than stigma; 2) sternites 1,3 yellowish white; 3) submarginal cell of hind wing 2 times as long as basal width and 4) r as long as 2-SR. 2. Microplitis choui sp. nov. is described from Shaanxi and Gansu Provinces in China closely related to Microplitis zhaoi sp. nov. but differs from the latter in the combination of the following features: 1) r shorter than 2-SR; 2) sternites 1,3 blackish: 3) tergites 2,3 black; 4) cu-a of hind wing strongly sloped outward and 5) antenna shorter than body. [source] Secular trends of hypospadias prevalence and factors associated with it in southeast China during 1993,2005BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH, Issue 6 2010Lei Jin Abstract BACKGROUND The aim of this study is to describe the prevalence of hypospadias and its time trends during 1993,2005 in southeast China, and to explore the potential risk factors. METHODS The study population included all male live and still births (at least 20 weeks of gestation) in 11 cities and counties in Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces in Southeast China born during January 1, 1993, through December 31, 2005. RESULTS Overall prevalence of hypospadias was 5.8 per 10,000 male births and presented an increasing trend during 1993,2005 (with , of 3.94, p = 0.047). Prevalence of coronal hypospadias and those with unknown sites increased from 1.7 and 0.3 per 10,000 male births in 1993 to 3.6 and 1.4 per 10,000 male births in 2005, respectively (with , of 7.29 and 9.05, p = 0.007 and p = 0.002, respectively), but prevalence of perineal hypospadias decreased (with , of 7.13, p = 0.008). Maternal fever during first trimester, birth of twins or more children, and year of birth were independent risk factors for hypospadias, with odds ratios of 4.14 (95% CI, 1.32,12.83), 3.37 (95% CI, 1.73,6.58), and 1.04 (95% CI, 1.00,1.08), respectively, after adjusting for confounding factors with multivariable logistic regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS Prevalence of hypospadias increased during 1993,2005 in the two provinces in southeast China. Maternal fever in the first trimester and birth of twins or more children are associated with the risk for hypospadias. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Trichoderma biodiversity in China: Evidence for a North to South distribution of species in East AsiaFEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS, Issue 2 2005Chu-long Zhang Abstract Towards assessing the biodiversity and biogeography of Trichoderma, we have analyzed the occurrence of Trichoderma species in soil and litter from four areas in China: North (Hebei province), South-East (Zhejiang province), West (Himalayan, Tibet) and South-West (Yunnan province). One hundred and thirty five isolates were grouped according to tentative morphological identification. A representative 64 isolates were verified at the species level by the oligonucleotide barcode program TrichO Key v.1.0 and the custom BLAST server Tricho BLAST, using sequences of the ITS1 and 2 region of the rRNA cluster and from the longest intron of the tef1 (translation elongation factor 1-,) gene. Eleven known species (Trichoderma asperellum, T. koningii, T. atroviride, T. viride, T. velutinum, T. cerinum, T. virens, T. harzianum, T. sinensis, T. citrinoviride, T. longibrachiatum) and two putative new species (T. sp. C1, and T. sp. C2), distinguished from known species both by morphological characters and phylogenetic analysis, were identified. A significant difference in the occurrence of these species was found between the North (Hebei) and South-West (Yunnan) areas, which correlates with previously reported species distributions in Siberia and South-East Asia, respectively. As in previous studies, T. harzianum accounted for almost half of the biodiversity; although, in this study, it was exclusively found in the North, and was predominantly represented by an ITS1 and 2 haplotype, which has so far been rarely found elsewhere. This study therefore reveals a North,South gradient in species distribution in East Asia, and identifies Northern China as a potential center of origin of a unique haplotype of T. harzianum. [source] Studies on the epidemiology and yield losses from rice black-streaked dwarf disease in a recent epidemic in Zhejiang province, ChinaPLANT PATHOLOGY, Issue 5 2009H.-D. Wang The spread of rice black-streaked dwarf disease, which has emerged as a major problem on winter wheat and the two summer rice crops (early indica and late japonica) grown in central and southern Zhejiang province, China, is documented from 1995 to 2007. The late japonica crop suffered the most: up to 64 640 ha were affected with estimated losses of c. 120 000 t grain per year. Peak adult numbers of the small brown planthopper vector, Laodelphax striatellus, coincided with the seedling stages of both rice crops and the proportion of the insect population carrying virus increased during 1998,2005. Seedlings with three to four leaves were the most susceptible, whereas plants inoculated after the end of tillering developed few or no symptoms. Disease levels were strongly correlated with numbers of viruliferous vectors. In sowing-date experiments with both rice crops, the earliest sowings had the most disease and suffered the greatest yield losses. With the last sowing date (25 days after the first), there were almost no losses. There were yield losses of 0·80% for every 1% increase in disease incidence in early indica rice and rather more (0·92%) in the late japonica crop. There were large differences in susceptibility between cultivars, indicating the possibility, within currently available germplasm, of using more resistant cultivars to help contain the disease. Changes in cropping practice and in recent winter weather conditions have probably contributed to the emergence of the virus as a major pathogen in eastern China. [source] First report of Phytophthora nicotianae causing blight of Dendrobium candidum in Zhejiang province, ChinaPLANT PATHOLOGY, Issue 2 2008J.-Z. Zhang No abstract is available for this article. [source] Port competition in the Yangtze River DeltaASIA PACIFIC VIEWPOINT, Issue 3 2007Claude Comtois Abstract: This paper canvasses the port development of the Yangtze River Delta. Initially, we consider changes in container trade in the region since the 1990s. Competition between the ports of Ningbo and Shanghai are studied by measuring the overlapping hinterland of container distribution for Zhejiang province. We then analyse the strategies pursued by international carriers and terminal operators to secure success in this increasingly competitive environment. [source] Reducing Irregular Migration from ChinaINTERNATIONAL MIGRATION, Issue 3 2003James K. Chin With the development of China's economy since 1979, a new type of Chinese migration has emerged, which is more diversified and quite distinct from previous migration patterns. Trafficking in human beings and other forms of irregular migration are one of the most pressing and complex human rights issues today, reaching across borders and affecting most of the countries in the world, with new and serious security implications. As part of the international irregular migration flows toward and into the European Union (EU), the Chinese, particularly from Fujian and Zhejiang provinces, have played a major role since the 1980s. To some extent, it could be said that China provides the largest number of East Asian irregular immigrants to Europe. Based on fieldwork conducted in southern China over the past seven years, this paper proposes to examine current Chinese irregular migration trends. It will further present the Government's response regarding the migratory modus operandi and policy implications with the aim of offering policy makers an empirical insight into the most active region of emigration in China. Because of the difficulty and sensitivity involved in collecting data on the topic, materials in this paper are mainly based on a content analysis of local Chinese newspapers and my interviews with various people involved in irregular migration activities, such as "snakeheads", illegal migrants and their family members, and police, local, and government officials at different levels. [source] Surviving the end-Ordovician extinctions: evidence from the earliest Silurian brachiopods of northeastern Jiangxi and western Zhejiang provinces, East ChinaLETHAIA, Issue 1 2006JIA-YU RONG Earliest Rhuddanian (Silurian) brachiopods are recorded from the basal part of the Lower Llandovery Shiyang and Anji formations in western Zhejiang and northeastern Jiangxi provinces, East China. Associated graptolites including Normalograptus jerini indicate the lowest Rhuddanian Akidograptus ascensus Biozone. The surviving brachiopod fauna includes 19 genera dominated by orthids and strophomenids, whereas pentamerids and atrypids that inhabited mainly warmer water regimes, and were almost absent in the cool/cold Hirnantia Fauna, occur rarely in the studied fauna. Each family is represented by a single genus that seeded their recovery. The predominance of these long-ranging and widely distributed genera is one of major characters of the brachiopod survival in east China. From qualitative and quantitative analysis of faunal composition, diversity and abundance, with evidences from palaeoecology and palaeogeography, the Levenea qianbeiensis Association, Katastrophomena-Leptaena-Levenea Association, and Glyptorthis-Epitomyonia-Levenea Association are recognized and assigned to BA (Benthic Assemblage) 2, BA3, and an ecozone close to the BA3-4 boundary respectively. No Lazarus genera are recorded in this study. Skenidioides and Epitomyonia were chiefly regarded as deeper-water taxa in the Ordovician and Silurian, but are recorded from shallow-water in east China during the early Rhuddanian, indicating an ecologic experiment with these taxa migrating from deep into shallower, better-oxygenated sites at the crisis time and during the subsequent survival interval. This study further demonstrates that the brachiopod faunal turnover after the end-Ordovician extinctions may not have been completed until the late Rhuddanian in South China. 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