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Selected AbstractsOral piercing and oral trauma in a New Zealand sampleDENTAL TRAUMATOLOGY, Issue 5 2005J. A. Kieser Abstract,,, This study investigated the periodontal and dental trauma resultant from tongue and lip piercings in a convenience sample of 43 adult dental patients. Patients underwent an intra-oral examination followed by the administration of a questionnaire. Each patient was examined for lingual or buccal recession of the upper and lower incisors as well as the extent of abnormal toothwear or trauma on these teeth. Following bivariate analyses, regression analyses were conducted to test the study hypotheses and derive adjusted estimates for the dependent variables. Of the 43 individuals who participated (93.0% females; mean age 21 years; age range 14,34 years) 76.7% had a tongue piercing, 34.9% had a lip piercing, and 11.6% had both. Only four had had their piercing procedure provided by a doctor or dentist. Postpiercing complications were reported by 34.9%. Most of those with a labial piercing (80.0%) had 1+ labial site with gingival recession (GR), and almost one-third of those with a tongue piercing had at least one lingual site with GR. Age was a significant predictor of the prevalence of lingual recession, with the odds of having lingual recession increasing by 1.17 (95% CI 1.01, 1.35) for every year older than 14. Age was the only significant predictor of the number of lingual sites with recession, but was not a predictor of the prevalence of labial recession or the number of affected sites. There were no significant associations between piercings and abnormal toothwear or trauma. These findings suggest that oral piercings are associated with localized gingival recession, and that the providers of such procedures should ensure that, as part of the informed consent process, prospective patients are informed of the likelihood that their periodontal health may be compromised. [source] Five years later: children's memory for medical emergenciesAPPLIED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 7 2001Carole Peterson Children who had been 2,13 years of age at the time of a medical emergency (an injury serious enough to require hospital ER treatment) were re-interviewed about their injury and treatment five years after injury, and three years after a previous interview. The children showed excellent recall of the central components of their injury experience, although their recall of hospital treatment was more incomplete. Thus, both the nature of the event being recalled (the injury versus the hospital treatment) and the centrality of information (central versus peripheral) were important. The recall of 2-year-olds, although not as good as that of children just a year older, did not fit with predictions of infantile amnesia since they recalled a considerable amount about their injury. High stress levels at the time of the target experiences had little effect on the highly memorable injury event, but seemed to facilitate children's recall of central components of the hospital event,the event that they had a harder time remembering. Implications for eyewitness testimony are discussed. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Expression of c-MET, low-molecular-weight cytokeratin, matrix metalloproteinases-1 and -2 in spinal chordomaHISTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 5 2009Takahiko Naka Aims:, In skull base chordoma, c-MET expression has been reported to correlate with younger patient age and favourable prognosis; however, it also contributes to tumour invasiveness, especially in recurrent lesions, suggesting variable roles for c-MET according to clinical status. The aim of this study was to investigate the significance of c-MET expression in spinal chordoma, which affects patients who are 10,20 years older than those with skull base chordoma. Methods and results:, Using immunohistochemical techniques, the expression of c-MET and its ligand, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) was investigated in 34 primary spinal chordomas and compared with other clinicopathological parameters. Expression of c-MET and HGF was observed in 85.3 and 21.7% of lesions, respectively. c-MET expression correlated with the expression of an epithelial marker, low-molecular-weight cytokeratin (CAM5.2). Lesions with higher c-MET expression showed significantly stronger expression of proteinases, including matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and MMP-2. However, c-MET expression was not associated with patient age, proliferative ability estimated by MIB-1 labelling index, or prognosis. Conclusions:, c-MET expression was observed in most spinal chordomas and correlated with the expression of CAM5.2, suggesting a relationship to an epithelial phenotype. [source] Vibration exposure and disease in a shipyard: A 13-year revisitAMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE, Issue 6 2004Martin Cherniack MD Abstract Background In a 1988 study of shipyard workers, a progressive association was observed between cumulative exposure to vibration and the vascular and neurological symptoms of the hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS). In 2001, after a decade of exposure reduction and ageing of the workforce, a second study at the same site was initiated. Methods In 2001, 214 subjects were selected; they represented four current weekly vibration exposure time intervals,0 hr, >0,<,5 hr, ,5,<,20 hr, ,20 hr. The 1988 and 2000 cross-sectional populations were compared on the basis of exposure duration and current symptoms. Results In 2001, the study population was 9.6 years older than the 1988 group. Current weekly exposure hours were similar in the low and medium exposure groups 2001 and 1988, but exposure was reduced by an average of 9.7 hr per week in the highest exposure group (,20 hr) in 2001. Symptom severity was regressed polychotomously on estimated exposure (log cumulative hours); the OR was weaker in 2001 than in 1988 for sensorineural symptoms,1.44 [CI 1.04,1.98] versus 2.35 [CI 1.48,3.73]. This was also true for vascular symptoms,1.70 [CI 1.06,2.71] versus 3.99 [CI 2.27,7.01]. Vascular symptoms were more prevalent in the highest lifetime vibration exposure group in 1988 (68.7 vs. 43.2% in 2001); sensorineural symptoms were more prevalent in the least vibration exposed group in 2001 (52.6 vs. 20.7% in 1988). Conclusions The prevalence of vascular symptoms associated with cumulative vibratory exposure was significantly greater in 1988, but neurological symptoms were more common at lower exposure levels in 2001. The presumption that reducing exposure duration alone is sufficient, in the absence of change in vibration magnitude, is not supported by the results of this study. Am. J. Ind. Med. 45:500,512, 2004. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Earliest Miocene hominoid from Southeast AsiaAMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY, Issue 2 2004Yutaka Kunimatsu Abstract A new hominoid fossil site, Chiang Muan in northern Thailand, yielded the first finding of a large-bodied Miocene hominoid in Southeast Asia. This specimen (CMu6-1,00) was preliminarily reported by Kunimatsu et al. ([2000a] Primate Res. 16:299). Later, Chaimanee et al. ([ 2003] Nature 422:61,65) reported additional hominoid teeth from the same site, but all of them were collected from younger deposits (the Upper Lignite Member, in Nagaoka and Suganuma [ 2002] Primate Res 18:159,164). The specimen described here (CMu6-1,00) was recovered from the Lower Lignite Member (Nagaoka and Suganuma [ 2002] Primate Res 18:159,164), which is probably several hundred thousand years older than the Upper Lignite Member (Suganuma et al. [ 2002] Primate Res. 18:165,173). This article provides a detailed description of this hominoid specimen and paleontological/geological data of the fossil site at Chiang Muan. The hominoid specimen (CMu6-1,00) is an isolated upper molar (right M1 or M2), similar in size to modern orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus). This upper molar has low and voluminous cusps, relatively thick enamel, and relatively low relief of the dentine/enamel junction, with only a faint remnant of the lingual cingulum. The age of Chiang Muan is estimated to be the latest Middle Miocene (ca. 11,12 Ma), based on the mammalian fossils (Nakaya et al. [ 2002] Primate Res. 18:131,141) and paleomagnetic study (Suganuma et al. [ 2002] Primate Res. 18:165,173). This suggests that the Chiang Muan Hominoid in the present study is an earlier member of Eastern Eurasian Miocene hominoids. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2003. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Outcomes of static and dynamic facial nerve repair in head and neck cancerTHE LARYNGOSCOPE, Issue 3 2010Tim A. Iseli MBBS Abstract Objectives/Hypothesis: Determine outcomes associated with nerve grafting versus static repair following facial nerve resection. Study Design: Retrospective chart review. Methods: Charts from 105 patients who underwent facial nerve reconstruction between January 1999 and January 2009 were reviewed. The majority had parotid malignancy (78.1%), most commonly squamous cell carcinoma (50.5%). Patients underwent static (n = 72) or dynamic (n = 33) reconstruction with nerve grafting. Facial nerve function was measured using the House-Brackmann (H-B) scale. Results: Patients receiving static reconstruction were on average 10.3 years older (P = .002). Mean overall survival for tumor cases was 61.9 months; parotid squamous cell carcinoma was associated with worse prognosis (P = .10). Median follow-up was 16.1 months (range, 4,96.1 months). Most (97%) patients receiving a nerve graft had some return of function at a median of 6.2 months postoperatively (range, 4,9 months) and the majority (63.6%) had good function (H-B score ,4). Patients having static reconstruction (29.2%) were more likely to have symptomatic facial palsy than those having a nerve graft (15.2%, P = .12). Conclusions: Where possible, nerve grafting is the preferred method of facial nerve reconstruction. Although elderly patients with parotid malignancy have traditionally been considered poor candidates for nerve grafting, we demonstrate good results within 9 months of facial nerve repair even with radiotherapy, the use of long grafts (>6 cm), and prolonged preoperative dysfunction. Laryngoscope, 2010 [source] Identifying High Risk Groups and Quantifying Absolute Risk of Cancer After Kidney Transplantation: A Cohort Study of 15 183 RecipientsAMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION, Issue 9 2007A. C. Webster Transplant recipients have increased cancer risk, but data on risk variation across different patient groups are sparse. Rates and standardized rate ratios (SRR) of cancer (all sites, excluding nonmelanocytic skin and lip cancer) compared to the general population were calculated, using Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry data. Within the transplant population, risk factors were identified (hazard ratios: HR; 95% CI) and absolute risk estimated for recipient groups. A total of 1642 (10.8%) of 15 183 recipients developed cancer. Risk was inversely related to age (SRR 15,30 children, 2 if >65 years). Females aged 25,29 had rates equivalent to women aged 55,59 from the general population. Age trend for lymphoma, colorectal and breast risk was similar; melanoma showed less variability across ages, prostate showed no risk increase. Within the transplanted population, risk was affected by age differently for each sex (p = 0.007), elevated by prior malignancy (HR 1.40; 1.03,1.89), white race (HR 1.36; 1.12,1.89), but reduced by diabetic end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) (HR 0.67; 0.50,0.89). Cancer rates in kidney recipients are similar to nontransplanted people 20,30 years older, but absolute risk differs across patient groups. Men aged 45,54 surviving 10 years have cancer risks varying from 1 in 13 (non-white, no prior cancer, diabetic ESKD) to 1 in 5 (white, prior cancer, other ESKD). [source] Could accelerated aging explain the excess mortality in patients with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis?ARTHRITIS & RHEUMATISM, Issue 2 2010Cynthia S. Crowson Objective To determine whether the mortality pattern in patients with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is consistent with the concept of accelerated aging, by comparing the observed mortality rates in patients with RA with the age-accelerated mortality rates from the general population. Methods A population-based inception cohort of patients with seropositive RA (according to the American College of Rheumatology 1987 criteria) was assembled and followed up for vital status until July 1, 2008. The expected mortality rate was obtained by applying the death rates from the general population to the age, sex, and calendar year distribution of the RA population. The observed mortality was estimated using Kaplan-Meier methods. Acceleration factors for the expected mortality were estimated in accelerated failure time models. Results A total of 755 patients with seropositive RA (mean age 55.6 years, 69% women) were followed up for a mean of 12.5 years, during which 315 patients died. The expected median survival was age 82.4 years, whereas the median survival of the RA patients was age 76.7 years. Results of statistical modeling suggested that, in terms of mortality rates, patients with RA were effectively 2 years older than actual age at RA incidence, and thereafter the patients underwent 11.4 effective years of aging for each 10 years of calendar time. Conclusion The overall observed mortality experience of patients with seropositive RA is consistent with the hypothesis of accelerated aging. The causes of accelerated aging in RA deserve further investigation. [source] Health-related quality of life and psychosocial factors in patients with prostate cancer scheduled for radical prostatectomy or external radiation therapyBJU INTERNATIONAL, Issue 3 2003G. Van Andel OBJECTIVE To assess whether baseline health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and psychosocial profiles differ in patients with prostate cancer scheduled for radical prostatectomy (RP) or external radiation therapy (ERT), as there is evidence that HRQOL is influenced by psychosocial factors (PFs), so that any variation at baseline should be considered when comparing the effect of therapy on HRQOL. PATIENTS AND METHODS Before receiving therapy, HRQOL and PFs were assessed in 65 patients scheduled for RP and in 73 scheduled for ERT. To measure HRQOL (generic and disease-specific) and PFs, an extended questionnaire was constructed, using validated and standardized instruments. Clinical data were collected from patients' medical records. Comparisons adjusted for age and socio-economic status (SES) were analysed using Student's t -test and univariate analyses of variance and covariance. RESULTS Patients scheduled for ERT were 7.9 years older and had a lower SES (both P < 0.001), more often had stage T3 and T4 disease, had poorer histopathological differentiation and higher levels of prostate-specific antigen (all P < 0.01). They also reported a worse physical, role, cognitive and social function, more fatigue, more pain, a lower overall HRQOL and worse sexual function than patients scheduled for RP. There were no differences in urinary and bowel function, nor in the PFs assessed. CONCLUSION The baseline HRQOL profile of patients scheduled for RP is better than in those scheduled for ERT. These results are in line with those from the few other studies on this subject. Knowing the impact of RP and ERT on HRQOL should therefore be based mainly on longitudinal studies including baseline measures, the analyses of which should be adjusted for age and SES. In the present small study, baseline PFs did not differ between the treatments. [source] | ||||||||||