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XIAP Protein (xiap + protein)
Selected AbstractsOverexpression of Par-4 enhances thapsigargin-induced apoptosis via down-regulation of XIAP and inactivation of Akt in human renal cancer cellsJOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY, Issue 2 2008Tae-Jin Lee Abstract The prostate-apoptosis-response-gene-4 (Par-4) protein has been shown to function as an effector of cell death in response to various apoptotic stimuli that trigger mitochondria and membrane receptor-mediated cell death pathways. We found that overexpressing Par-4 by stable transfection sensitizes Caki cells to induction of apoptosis by TRAIL and drugs that induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress [thapsigargin (TG), tunicamycin (TU) and etoposide]. Ectopic expression of Par-4 is associated with decreased levels of XIAP protein in TG-treated cells, caused in part by XIAP protein instability and caspase activation. Levels of phospho-Akt are decreased in Caki/Par-4 cells to a significantly greater extent than in Caki/Vector cells by treatment with TG, and this is in turn associated with decreased levels of phospho-PDK1, the kinase upstream of Akt. In conclusion, we provide evidence that ectopic expression of Par-4 sensitizes Caki cells to TG and that XIAP protein instability and inactivation of Akt are important in cellular pathways affected by Par-4. J. Cell. Biochem. 103: 358,368, 2008. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] The 423Q polymorphism of the X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis gene influences monocyte function and is associated with periodic feverARTHRITIS & RHEUMATISM, Issue 11 2009Massimo Ferretti Objective Hereditary periodic fever syndromes (HPFs) develop as a result of uncontrolled activation of the inflammatory response, with a substantial contribution from interleukin-1, or tumor necrosis factor , (TNF,). The HPFs include familial Mediterranean fever (FMF), hyperimmunoglobulinemia D with periodic fever syndrome (HIDS), TNF receptor,associated syndrome (TRAPS), and cryopyrinopathies, which are attributable to mutations of the MEFV, MVK, TNFRSF1A, and CIAS1 genes, respectively. However, in many patients, the mutated gene has not been determined; therefore, the condition in these patients with an HPF-like clinical picture is referred to as idiopathic periodic fever (IPF). The aim of this study was to assess involvement of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP), which plays a role in caspase inhibition and NF-,B signaling, both of which are processes that influence the development of inflammatory cells. Methods The XIAP gene (X-linked) was sequenced in 87 patients with IPF, 46 patients with HPF (13 with HIDS, 17 with TRAPS, and 16 with FMF), and 182 healthy control subjects. The expression of different alleles was evaluated by sequencing XIAP -specific complementary DNA mini-libraries and by real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analyses. The functional effect of XIAP on caspase 9 activity was assessed by a fluorimetric assay, and cytokine secretion was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Sequencing disclosed a 1268A>C variation that caused a Q423P amino acid substitution. The frequency of 423Q-homozygous female patients and 423Q-hemizygous male patients was significantly higher in the IPF group than in the control group (69% versus 51%; odds ratio 2.17, 95% confidence interval 1.23,3.87, P = 0.007), whereas no significant difference was detected in the HPF group (59%) compared with controls. In primary lymphocytes and transfected cell lines, 423Q, as compared with 423P, was associated with higher XIAP protein and messenger RNA expression and lower caspase 9 activation. In lipopolysaccharide-activated monocytes, 423Q was associated with higher secretion of TNF,. Conclusion These results suggest that 423Q is a predisposing factor for IPF development, possibly through its influence on monocyte function. [source] The structure of the BIR3 domain of cIAP1 in complex with the N-terminal peptides of SMAC and caspase-9ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D, Issue 1 2009Raviraj Kulathila The inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family of molecules inhibit apoptosis through the suppression of caspase activity. It is known that the XIAP protein regulates both caspase-3 and caspase-9 through direct protein,protein interactions. Specifically, the BIR3 domain of XIAP binds to caspase-9 via a `hotspot' interaction in which the N-terminal residues of caspase-9 bind in a shallow groove on the surface of XIAP. This interaction is regulated via SMAC, the N-terminus of which binds in the same groove, thus displacing caspase-9. The mechanism of suppression of apoptosis by cIAP1 is less clear. The structure of the BIR3 domain of cIAP1 (cIAP1-BIR3) in complex with N-terminal peptides from both SMAC and caspase-9 has been determined. The binding constants of these peptides to cIAP1-BIR3 have also been determined using the surface plasmon resonance technique. The structures show that the peptides interact with cIAP1 in the same way that they interact with XIAP: both peptides bind in a similar shallow groove in the BIR3 surface, anchored at the N-terminus by a charge-stabilized hydrogen bond. The binding data show that the SMAC and caspase-9 peptides bind with comparable affinities (85 and 48,nM, respectively). [source] Prostacyclin inhibits endothelial cell XIAP ubiquitination and degradationJOURNAL OF CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY, Issue 3 2007Jun-Yang Liou To understand the role of prostacyclin (PGI2) in protecting endothelial cells from apoptosis, we evaluated the effects of carbaprostacyclin (cPGI2) on H2O2 -induced human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) apoptosis. cPGI2 suppressed H2O2 -induced annexin V-positive cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Pre-treatment of HUVEC with 50 µM cPGI2 for 4 h produced the maximal anti-apoptotic effect. Authentic PGI2 generated by adenoviral transfer of PGI2 synthetic genes exerted a similar protective effect. cPGI2 inhibited Smac/DIABLO release from mitochondria, caspase 3 activation, focal adhesion protein degradation, and cell detachment. cPGI2 selectively protected X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (X-linked IAP, XIAP) from H2O2 -induced ubiquitination, and preserved XIAP protein levels. PD-98059 but not H-89 abrogated the protective action of cPGI2. cPGI2 increased ERK phosphorylation which was blocked by PD-98059. HUVEC stably transfected with dominant negative Ras abrogated XIAP preservation by cPGI2 while constitutive active Ras increased ERK phosphorylation and protected XIAP from degradation. Our results demonstrate for the first time that PGI2 inhibits XIAP ubiquitination and degradation via the Ras/MEK-1/ERK signaling pathway. Preservation of XIAP proteins represents a key mechanism by which PGI2 protects endothelial cells from oxidant-induced apoptosis. J. Cell. Physiol. 212:840,848, 2007. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Protection against Fas-induced liver apoptosis in transgenic mice expressing cyclooxygenase 2 in hepatocytes,HEPATOLOGY, Issue 3 2007Marta Casado Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is upregulated in many cancers, and the prostanoids synthesized increase proliferation, improve angiogenesis, and inhibit apoptosis in several tissues. To explore the function of COX-2 in liver, transgenic (Tg) mice were generated containing a fusion gene (LIVhCOX-2) consisting of human COX-2 cDNA under the control of the human ApoE promoter. Six lines were developed; all of them expressed the LIVhCOX-2 transgene selectively in hepatocytes. The Tg mice exhibited a normal phenotype, and the increased levels of PGE2 found were due to the constitutively expressed COX-2. Histological analysis of different tissues and macroscopic examination of the liver showed no differences between wild-type (Wt) and Tg animals. However, Tg animals were resistant to Fas-mediated liver injury, as demonstrated by low levels of plasmatic aminotransferases, a lesser caspase-3 activation, and Bax levels and an increase in Bcl-2, Mcl-1, and xIAP proteins, when compared with the Wt animals. Moreover, the resistance to Fas-mediated apoptosis is suppressed in the presence of COX-2,selective inhibitors, which prevented prostaglandin accumulation in the liver of Tg mice. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that expression of COX-2,dependent prostaglandins exerted a protection against liver apoptosis. (HEPATOLOGY 2007;45:631,638.) [source] | |||||||||||||