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World Trade Center (world + trade_center)
Terms modified by World Trade Center Selected AbstractsDisaster mental health training programmes in New York City following September 11, 2001DISASTERS, Issue 3 2010Kimberly B. Gill The need for mental health resources to provide care to the community following large-scale disasters is well documented. In the aftermath of the World Trade Center (WTC) disaster on September 11, 2001, many local agencies and organizations responded by providing informal mental health services, including disaster mental health training for practitioners. The quality of these programmes has not been assessed, however. The National Center for Disaster Preparedness at Columbia University's School of Public Health reviewed disaster mental health training programmes administered by community-based organizations, professional associations, hospitals, and government agencies after September 11. Results indicate that the quality and the effectiveness of programmes are difficult to assess. A wide range of curricula and a widespread lack of recordkeeping and credentialing of trainers were noted. Most of the training programmes provided are no longer available. Recommendations for improving the quality of disaster mental health training programmes are provided. [source] Mapping convergence points in the initial emergency response to 9/11,DISASTERS, Issue 4 2009Christine A. Bevc In response to extreme events, researchers have recognised the convergence of volunteers, emergency responders, and other individuals and organisations. In 2000, geographer Paul Routledge presented the concept of convergence spaces as a theoretical means to explain social movements. In applying this concept, this paper explores the geographic space in which organisations and individuals converged immediately following the 11 September 2001 attacks on the World Trade Center. The paper begins to answer the question of whether there were in fact any patterns of convergence among the locations utilised by organisations responding to the attacks. Using data collected from field documents, these geographic locations are mapped over 12 days to help identify possible patterns of clustering. Results of this analysis will begin to provide researchers, policy makers and practitioners with a better understanding of how emergency response evolves geographically following an event. [source] After the World Trade CenterINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, Issue 11 2001Article first published online: 21 DEC 200 No abstract is available for this article. [source] Patterns of Transnational Terrorism, 1970,1999: Alternative Time-Series EstimatesINTERNATIONAL STUDIES QUARTERLY, Issue 2 2002Walter Enders Using alternative time-series methods, this paper investigates the patterns of transnational terrorist incidents that involve one or more deaths. Initially, an updated analysis of these fatal events for 1970,1999 is presented using a standard linear model with prespecified interventions that represent significant policy and political impacts. Next, a (regime-switching) threshold autoregressive (TAR) model is applied to this fatality time series. TAR estimates indicate that increases above the mean are not sustainable during high-activity eras, but are sustainable during low-activity eras. The TAR model provides a better fit than previously tried methods for the fatality time series. By applying a Fourier approximation to the nonlinear estimates, we get improved results. The findings in this study and those in our earlier studies are then applied to suggest some policy implications in light of the tragic attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon on September 11, 2001. [source] Disability and posttraumatic stress disorder in disaster relief workers responding to september 11, 2001 World Trade Center DisasterJOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 7 2009Susan Evans Abstract Empirical evidence suggests that social and occupational disability plays a significant role in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The purpose of this study was to assess the role of social/occupational disability and to identify predictors of the development of PTSD in a group of disaster relief workers (DRWs) who had been deployed to the World Trade Center (WTC) following September 11, 2001. Eight hundred forty-two utility workers completed a battery of comprehensive tests measuring PTSD and social occupational functioning. Results indicated a significant association between PTSD symptoms and impaired social/occupational functioning. Symptomatic workers were also more likely to have a history of trauma, panic disorder, and depression. Those with a history of trauma, depression, generalized anxiety disorder or panic reported significantly more disability than those without a psychiatric history. Careful screening of PTSD and social/occupational functioning in DRWs following a disaster is warranted so that early treatment can be undertaken to prevent a chronic and disabling course. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 65: 1,11, 2009. [source] HEALING LOSS, AMBIGUITY, AND TRAUMA: A COMMUNITY-BASED INTERVENTION WITH FAMILIES OF UNION WORKERS MISSING AFTER THE 9/11 ATTACK IN NEW YORK CITYJOURNAL OF MARITAL AND FAMILY THERAPY, Issue 4 2003Pauline Boss A team of therapists from Minnesota and New York workied with labor union families of workers gone missing on September 11, 2001, after the attack on the World Trade Center, where they were employed. The clinical team shares what they did, what was learned, the questions raised, and preliminary evaulations about the multiple family meeting that were the major intervention. Because of the vast diversity, training of therapists and interventions for families aimed for cultural competence. The community-based approach, preferred by union families, plus family therapy using the lens of ambiguous loss are proposed as necessary additions to disaster work. [source] Ambiguous Loss Research, Theory, and Practice: Reflections After 9/11JOURNAL OF MARRIAGE AND FAMILY, Issue 3 2004Pauline Boss This article contains an overview of three decades of research, theory development, and clinical application about ambiguous loss. Although the work includes both physical and psychological types of ambiguous loss, the focus is the aftermath of 9/11 (September 11, 2001), when the World Trade Center collapsed following terrorist attacks. On the basis of her previous work, the author was asked to design an intervention for families of the missing. She reflects on what she learned from this unexpected test and presents new propositions and hypotheses to stimulate further research and theory that is more inclusive of diversity. She suggests that scholars should focus more on universal family experience. Ambiguous loss is just one example. Encouraging researchers and practitioners to collaborate in theory development, she concludes that research-based theory is essential to inform interventions in unexpected times of terror, and in everyday life. [source] Bioterrorism: Introduction and Major AgentsJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF NURSE PRACTITIONERS, Issue 11 2001Charles Kemp FNP It is not if, but where and when. In light of the September 11 World Trade Center and Pentagon attacks, biological terrorist acts in the United States seem more likely than ever before. We know there are people willing to die to kill Americans and we know that nations with a history of supporting terrorism have biological warfare (BW) capability. Some of the states capable of BW include Iraq, Libya, Syria, and Iran,all of which have close ties to transnational terrorist groups such as Al-Qaeda, Armed Islamic Group of Algeria, and Al-Jihad of Egypt (Davis, 1999; McGovern, Christopher, & Eitzen, 1999; Sanger, & Kahn, 2001). The threat is not limited to these nations or groups, but all do present a clear danger. According to the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, operatives of Al-Qaeda (the Osama bin Laden group) "have trained to conduct attacks with toxic chemicals or biological toxins" (Broad, & Peterson, 2001). [source] Posttraumatic stress symptoms, PTSD, and risk factors among lower Manhattan residents 2,3 years after the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacksJOURNAL OF TRAUMATIC STRESS, Issue 3 2008Laura DiGrande Manhattan residents living near the World Trade Center may have been particularly vulnerable to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after the September 11, 2001 (9/11) terrorist attacks. In 2003,2004, the authors administered the PTSD Checklist to 11,037 adults who lived south of Canal Street in New York City on 9/11. The prevalence of probable PTSD was 12.6% and associated with older age, female gender, Hispanic ethnicity, low education and income, and divorce. Injury, witnessing horror, and dust cloud exposure on 9/11 increased risk for chronic PTSD. Postdisaster risk factors included evacuation and rescue and recovery work. The results indicate that PTSD is a continued health problem in the local community. The relationship between socioeconomic status and PTSD suggests services must target marginalized populations. Followup is necessary on the course and long-term consequences of PTSD. [source] Prevalence and psychological correlates of complicated grief among bereaved adults 2.5,3.5 years after September 11th attacksJOURNAL OF TRAUMATIC STRESS, Issue 3 2007Yuval Neria A Web-based survey of adults who experienced loss during the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks was conducted to examine the prevalence and correlates of complicated grief (CG) 2.5,3.5 years after the attacks. Forty-three percent of a study group of 704 bereaved adults across the United States screened positive for CG. In multivariate analyses, CG was associated with female gender, loss of a child, death of deceased at the World Trade Center, and live exposure to coverage of the attacks on television. Posttraumatic stress disorder, major depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation, and increase in post-9/11 smoking were common among participants with CG. A majority of the participants with CG reported receiving grief counseling and psychiatric medication after 9/11. Clinical and policy implications are discussed. [source] WTC medical monitoring and treatment program: Comprehensive health care response in aftermath of disasterMOUNT SINAI JOURNAL OF MEDICINE: A JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE, Issue 2 2008Jacqueline M. Moline MD Abstract The attack on the World Trade Center (WTC) on September 11th, 2001 exposed thousands of individuals to an unprecedented mix of chemicals, combustion products and micronized building materials. Clinicians at the Mount Sinai Irving Selikoff Center for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, in partnership with affected stakeholder organizations, developed a medical screening program to evaluate the health status of workers and volunteers who spent time at the WTC site and thus sustained exposure in the aftermath of September 11th. Standardized questionnaires were adapted for use in this unique population and all clinicians underwent training to ensure comparability. The WTC Worker and Volunteer Medical Screening Program (MSP) received federal funding in April 2002 and examinations began in July 2002. The MSP and the follow up medical monitoring program has successfully recruited nearly 22,000 responders, and serves as a model for the rapid development of a medical screening program to assess the health of populations exposed to environmental hazards as a result of natural and man-made disasters. The MSP constitutes a successful screening program for WTC responders. We discuss the challenges that confronted the program; the absence of a prior model for the rapid development of a program to evaluate results from mixed chemical exposures; little documentation of the size of the exposed population or of who might have been exposed; and uncertainty about both the nature and potential severity of immediate and long-term health effects. Mt Sinai J Med 75:67,75, 2008© 2008 Mount Sinai School of Medicine [source] Knowledge Warfare in the 21ST Century: An Extension in PerformanceNAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL, Issue 2 2003Dr. Yvonne R. Masakowski ABSTRACT As we move into the 21st century, we are faced with a critical need to address the ways in which knowledge is generated and used to optimize system and human performance. Today, we are inundated with a plethora of information, emails, and ever-changing software. There is a dynamic relationship among humans, computers, expert systems and intelligent agent software that shapes the way we live, conduct business and participate in war. It is imperative that we master the critical components of knowledge management that will enhance their decision-making capacities and empower the warfighter. In the 21st century, knowledge management tools, intelligent agent architectures, robotics, and automated systems will facilitate expert performance necessary to fortify net-centric warfare. One of the principal metrics of performance will be our ability to reduce uncertainty and provide the most accurate information to the decision-maker at the right time. The importance of these goals becomes clear when considered within the context of images of the World Trade Center (WTC) crumbling to the ground. Now, we understand the cost of poor information in terms of life and freedom. This paper will provide an introduction to the importance of knowledge management and implications for future ship design. [source] Designing safety space in a supply chain to handle system-wide disruptionsNAVAL RESEARCH LOGISTICS: AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL, Issue 3 2007Murthy Mudrageda Abstract In some supply chains serious disruptions are system wide. This happens during periods of severe weather, as when storms cause shuttle tankers serving oil platforms in the North Sea to stop movements of crude oil, barges are frozen in the Mississippi, or all airplanes are grounded after a blizzard. Other notable instances of system-wide disruption happened after the attack on the World Trade Center when all aircraft were grounded and the natural gas and crude-oil pipelines were tangled by hurricanes in 2005. We model a situation where shutting down supply facilities is very difficult and expensive because of excessive inventory buildup from an inability to move out the production. We present a planning model that balances the cost of spare capacity versus shutting down production when planning for disruptions. The model uses an assignment model embedded in a simulation. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2007 [source] Melancholy and Mourning in Jonathan Safran Foer's Extremely Loud and Incredibly CloseORBIS LITERARUM, Issue 3 2008Sien Uytterschout Whereas melancholy (or ,acting out') entails a complete repression of all trauma-related memory, mourning (or ,working through') is an endeavour to remember the traumatic event and fit it into a coherent whole. In Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close, these two ways of reacting to and dealing with trauma are embodied respectively by the protagonist's paternal grandfather and by his paternal grandmother, both survivors of the Allied firebombing of Dresden in 1945. Foer ties up this ,old' trauma with a fresh one , 11 September 2001 , by having the Schells lose their only son, the protagonist's father, in the attacks on the World Trade Center. Aspects of both acting out and working through are in turn synthesised in the protagonist himself , Oskar Schell. In his behaviour, the boy displays characteristics of both a melancholic and a mourner. [source] Psychological trauma associated with the World Trade Center attacks and its effect on pregnancy outcomePAEDIATRIC & PERINATAL EPIDEMIOLOGY, Issue 5 2005Stephanie Mulherin Engel Summary The destruction of the World Trade Center (WTC) on 11 September 2001 was a source of enormous psychological trauma that may have consequences for the health of pregnant women and their fetuses. In this report, we describe the impact of extreme trauma on the birth outcomes of women highly exposed to the WTC. We enrolled 187 women who were pregnant and living or working within close proximity to the WTC on 11 September. Among women with singleton pregnancies, 52 completed at least one psychological assessment prior to delivery. In adjusted multivariable models, both post-traumatic stress symptomatology (PTSS) and moderate depression were associated with longer gestational durations, although only PTSS was associated with decrements in infant head circumference at birth (, = ,0.07, SE = 0.03, P = 0.01). The impact of stress resulting from extreme trauma may be different from that which results from ordinary life experiences, particularly with respect to cortisol production. As prenatal PTSS was associated with decrements in head circumference, this may influence subsequent neurocognitive development. Long-term follow-up of infants exposed to extreme trauma in utero is needed to evaluate the persistence of these effects. [source] Physical and mental health symptoms among NYC transit workers seven and one-half months after the WTC attacks,,AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE, Issue 6 2005Loren C. Tapp MD Abstract Background On September 11, 2001, 600,800 New York City transit (NYCT) workers were working near the World Trade Center (WTC) Towers. After the disaster, employees reported physical and mental health symptoms related to the event. Methods Two hundred sixty-nine NYC transit employees were surveyed for mental and physical health symptoms 7½ months after the WTC disaster. Results Workers in the dust cloud at the time of the WTC collapse had significantly higher risk of persistent lower respiratory (OR,=,9.85; 95% CI: 2.24, 58.93) and mucous membrane (OR,=,4.91; 95% CI: 1.53, 16.22) symptoms, depressive symptoms (OR,=,2.48; 95% CI: 1.12, 5.51), and PTSD symptoms (OR,=,2.91; 95% CI: 1.003, 8.16) compared to those not exposed to the dust cloud. Additional WTC exposures and potential confounders were also analyzed. Conclusions Clinical follow up for physical and psychological health conditions should be provided for public transportation workers in the event of a catastrophic event. Am. J. Ind. Med. 47:475,483, 2005. Published 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Demographic Data on the Victims of the September 11, 2001 Terror Attack on the World Trade Center, New York CityPOPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT REVIEW, Issue 3 2002Article first published online: 27 JAN 200 The magnitude of the death toll resulting from the attack on the World Trade Center is without precedent in the history of terrorist acts. Because of the scale and destructiveness of the buildings' collapse, a final list of the victims required a lengthy process, more so than was the case at the other sites of terrorist violence on the same day,at the Pentagon, Virginia (193 killed, 68 of these on American Airlines Flight 77), and near Shanksville, Pennsylvania (45 killed in the crash of United Airlines Flight 93). After the passing of a year, the list of the victims in New York, while essentially complete, is still not officially closed. On August 19, 2002, the city's medical examiner's office issued a list containing 2,819 names. Reproduced below are some data, released by the city's office of vital statistics, on the demographic characteristics of 2,723 victims (59 of these on United Airlines Flight 175 and 89 on American Airlines Flight 11) for whom a death certificate had been issued,an exacting procedure,as of August 16,2002. The cause of death, in each instance, was entered as homicide. The age distribution reflects the character of the World Trade Center,a workplace,and the time of day,early for tourist visits. The youngest victims perished as passengers in the two airplanes flown into the twin towers. [source] Compassion Fatigue and Psychological Distress Among Social Workers: A Validation StudyAMERICAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPSYCHIATRY, Issue 1 2006Richard E. Adams PhD Few studies have focused on caring professionals and their emotional exhaustion from working with traumatized clients, referred to as compassion fatigue (CF). The present study had 2 goals: (a) to assess the psychometric properties of a CF scale, and (b) to examine the scale's predictive validity in a multivariate model. The data came from a survey of social workers living in New York City following the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center. Factor analyses indicated that the CF scale measured multiple dimensions. After overlapping items were eliminated, the scale measured 2 key underlying dimensions,secondary trauma and job burnout. In a multivariate model, these dimensions were related to psychological distress, even after other risk factors were controlled. The authors discuss the results in light of increasing the ability of professional caregivers to meet the emotional needs of their clients within a stressful environment without experiencing CF. [source] The American Right and the Framing of 9/11THE POLITICAL QUARTERLY, Issue 1 2004Martin Durham ABSTRACT On September 11th, 2001, 2 hijacked airliners were crashed into the World Trade Center and a third into the Pentagon. The Bush administration's response, both in regard to civil liberties at home and the launching of military action abroad, has been the subject of considerable controversy. As we might expect, the Bush administration's framing of events met with acclaim among many on the American right But here, as elsewhere on the political spectrum, how to understand and react to 9/11 was also the subject of bitter dispute, a dispute that sheds new light on the ongoing arguments among American conservatives in the aftermath of the Cold War. [source] The Definition of TerrorismANALYSES OF SOCIAL ISSUES & PUBLIC POLICY, Issue 1 2002Charles L. Ruby This article addresses the definition of terrorism. It is intended to provide a foundation from which to understand the recent attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon. Although terrorism appears to be much less dangerous than other forms of violence, it seems to command more attention. In order to respond to terrorism, a clear definition is necessary. Terrorism is defined by Title 22 of the U.S. Code as politically motivated violence perpetrated in a clandestine manner against noncombatants. Experts on terrorism also include another aspect in the definition: the act is committed in order to create a fearful state of mind in an audience different from the victims. Whether or not an act is considered terrorism also depends on whether a legal, moral, or behavioral perspective is used to interpret the act. If a legal or moral perspective is used, the values of the interpreter are the focus rather than the act itself. A behavioral perspective appears to be best suited for interpreting and reacting to terrorism. [source] What Madness Prompts, Reason Writes: New York City September 11,October 2, 2001ANTHROPOLOGY & EDUCATION QUARTERLY, Issue 3 2002Professor Jeanne Henry This personal narrative describes the use of ethnographic data collection as a means for its author, a New York City resident, to take stock of local reaction and response to the events of September 11 by documenting arid analyzing the writing New Yorkers posted in public spaces during the three weeks following the attacks on the World Trade Center. [source] | |||||||||||||||||||