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Work Stress (work + stress)
Selected AbstractsWork stress: an exploratory study of the practices and perceptions of female junior healthcare managersJOURNAL OF NURSING MANAGEMENT, Issue 1 2002K. Rodham BSc(HONS) Aim:, This exploratory study set out to investigate the perceptions and practices of junior healthcare managers with regard to stress at work. Background:, It has been suggested that cultural change is needed to accommodate a shift towards recognition of organizational responsibility for stress (Schulz et al. 1985). Logically, it can be argued that junior healthcare managers, as potential future senior managers, are best placed to facilitate this change. Junior healthcare managers' current thinking about stress had not yet been explored in depth. Method:, A combination of critical incident diaries and semistructured interviews was conducted with six junior healthcare managers. The data were analysed and transcribed using a grounded theory approach. Findings:, The main themes to emerge were that junior healthcare managers were generally unaware of (a) potential work stressors and (b) the effect of work stressors on their own health and performance and that of their staff. Conclusions:, The perceptions and practices of junior healthcare managers suggest that there is a culture of acceptance and expectation of work stress, combined with a lack of awareness to effectively and proactively manage it. [source] Work stress and physical assault of nursing aides in rural nursing homes with and without dementia special care unitsJOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC & MENTAL HEALTH NURSING, Issue 3 2005D. G. MORGAN phd rn Purpose:, This study compared nursing aides (NAs) employed in rural nursing homes with and without dementia special care units (SCUs) on (1) exposure to and distress from disruptive behaviours exhibited by residents, (2) job strain and (3) physical assault. Design and methods:, The data were drawn from a larger study conducted in Saskatchewan, Canada, in which all rural nursing homes of ,,100 beds that had an SCU were matched to same-sized rural facilities with no SCU. Nursing aides (n = 355) completed a mailed survey questionnaire. Results:, Nursing aides employed in nursing homes with an SCU reported significantly less frequent exposure to disruptive behaviours (including aggressive and aversive behaviours) than NAs in non-SCU facilities, less distress when these behaviours were directed toward them, less exposure to aggressive behaviour during caregiving, lower job demands and lower job strain. There was a trend toward increased risk of being assaulted in the last year associated with being in a non-SCU facility. Having a permanent position, increased job strain, and feeling inadequately prepared for dementia care were significantly associated with higher risk of being assaulted. In the SCU facilities, NAs who worked more time on the SCU reported more assaults but less distress from disruptive behaviour, lower psychological job demands, lower job strain and greater work autonomy. Implications:, Providing more dementia care training and reducing job demands and job strain may help to reduce work-related stress and physical assault of nursing aides employed in nursing homes. [source] Socio-psychological stressors as risk factors for low back pain in Chinese middle-aged womenJOURNAL OF ADVANCED NURSING, Issue 3 2001Yin-bing Yip BAppSc MPH PhD GDipEd RN Socio-psychological stressors as risk factors for low back pain in Chinese middle-aged women Aim(s) of the study.,This study aims to explore the relationship between socio-psychological stress and low back pain (LBP) prevalence among Chinese middle-aged women. Background.,Women in mid-life experience increasing socio-psychological stress because of midlife transitions, stressful life events and housework or work factors. Encountering socio-psychological stress itself may result in the manifestation of LBP. Design.,A case,control study of Hong Kong community-based middle-aged women was conducted. The study subjects were either from the University Family Medicine Clinic or from a previous population-based cross-sectional study of middle-aged women conducted by Department of Community and Family Medicine. Among the 928 potential eligible subjects from both sources, a total of 182 cases and 235 controls participated in this study. Data were collected from face-to-face interviews and included demographic factors, menopausal status, socio-psychological stress and occurrence of LBP. Socio-psychological stress covered social factors, self-reported nature of housework/work, housework/work stress and stressful life events. Results.,Among the 182 cases who entered this study, 83 women (45·6%) had experienced 1,<14 days of LBP, and 99 women (54·4%) had at least 14 days of LBP in the previous 12 months. Those who reported that ,their family members, relatives or friends were very sick, died, needed her to take care of them or who they worried about in the past 12 months' had an increased risk of LBP of 67% (95% confidence interval (CI) 1·09,2·55). In addition women with a bad or ordinary relationship with cohabitants had an increased risk of LBP of 70% (95% CI 1·00,3·04). Lastly, women with a high housework or work stress had an increased risk of suffering both types of LBP of nearly two- and half-fold (95% CI 1·61,3·85). Conclusions.,The results indicate that an association exists between high socio-psychological stress and LBP prevalence. Alleviating the impact of housework or work related factors would, however, involve improving both the work and home environment. [source] Reinforcement sensitivity theory at work: punishment sensitivity as a dispositional source of job-related stressEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY, Issue 7 2007Dimitri van der Linden Abstract Gray's reinforcement sensitivity theory (RST) describes two important personality constructs; sensitivity to reward and sensitivity to punishment. In two studies, we examine whether these constructs can be considered dispositions to work stress. Results of Study 1 (N,=,105 employees in different occupations) indicated that employees with strong punishment sensitivity reacted more strongly to work stressors than others. This idea was confirmed in a longitudinal design in Study 2. Reward sensitivity was unrelated to stress in both studies. Overall, results strongly support the idea that punishment sensitivity is a dispositional source of work stress. Results further confirm that RST and its derived personality measures can contribute to theorizing about personality,environment interactions in a highly relevant daily setting, namely the working environment. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Workplace violence: Differences in perceptions of nursing work between those exposed and those not exposed: A cross-sector analysisINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NURSING PRACTICE, Issue 2 2010Desley Hegney RN PhD Hegney D, Tuckett A, Parker D, Eley RM. International Journal of Nursing Practice 2010; 16: 188,202 Workplace violence: Differences in perceptions of nursing work between those exposed and those not exposed: A cross-sector analysis Nurses are at high risk of incurring workplace violence during their working life. This paper reports the findings on a cross-sectional, descriptive, self-report, postal survey in 2007. A stratified random sample of 3000 of the 29 789 members of the Queensland Nurses Union employed in the public, private and aged care sectors resulted in 1192 responses (39.7%). This paper reports the differences: between those nurses who experienced workplace violence and those who did not; across employment sectors. The incidence of workplace violence is highest in public sector nursing. Patients/clients/residents were the major perpetrators of workplace violence and the existence of a workplace policy did not decrease levels of workplace violence. Nurses providing clinical care in the private and aged care sectors experienced more workplace violence than more senior nurses. Although workplace violence was associated with high work stress, teamwork and a supportive workplace mitigated workplace violence. The perception of workplace safety was inversely related to workplace violence. With the exception of public sector nursing, nurses reported an inverse relationship with workplace violence and morale. [source] Burnout and its correlates among nursing staff: questionnaire surveyJOURNAL OF ADVANCED NURSING, Issue 1 2008Mustafa N., lhan Abstract Title.,Burnout and its correlates among nursing staff: questionnaire survey Aim., This paper is a report of a study to determine the burnout level and its correlates in nurses. Background., Healthcare providers and especially nurses are generally considered a high risk group regarding work stress and burnout and this syndrome has been a major concern in the field of occupational health. Method., The study was carried out at a university hospital in Turkey during May,June 2005. A total of 418 nurses from the 474 working at the hospital at the time (88·2%) answered a self-administered questionnaire including the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Findings., All the nurses were female, with a mean age of 30·6 (5·4) and a median age of 29 years. The mean score was 17·99(6·35) for the Emotional Exhaustion subscale, 5·72 (3·87) for the Depersonalization subscale and 19·83 (4·66) for the Personal Accomplishment subscale. Emotional Exhaustion decreased with increasing age (P < 0·05). Total time in the job, weekly working hours, shift-working and the unit where employed influenced burnout scores (P < 0·05). Not being happy with relations with superiors, not finding the job suitable, feeling anxious about the future, perceived poor health, problems with personal life and financial difficulties were also factors influencing burnout scale scores (P < 0·05). Conclusion., It is necessary to consider nurses having the characteristics shown as the correlates of burnout in this study as a target group, to screen periodically the burnout status and improve their working conditions, especially relationships with colleagues. [source] Socio-psychological stressors as risk factors for low back pain in Chinese middle-aged womenJOURNAL OF ADVANCED NURSING, Issue 3 2001Yin-bing Yip BAppSc MPH PhD GDipEd RN Socio-psychological stressors as risk factors for low back pain in Chinese middle-aged women Aim(s) of the study.,This study aims to explore the relationship between socio-psychological stress and low back pain (LBP) prevalence among Chinese middle-aged women. Background.,Women in mid-life experience increasing socio-psychological stress because of midlife transitions, stressful life events and housework or work factors. Encountering socio-psychological stress itself may result in the manifestation of LBP. Design.,A case,control study of Hong Kong community-based middle-aged women was conducted. The study subjects were either from the University Family Medicine Clinic or from a previous population-based cross-sectional study of middle-aged women conducted by Department of Community and Family Medicine. Among the 928 potential eligible subjects from both sources, a total of 182 cases and 235 controls participated in this study. Data were collected from face-to-face interviews and included demographic factors, menopausal status, socio-psychological stress and occurrence of LBP. Socio-psychological stress covered social factors, self-reported nature of housework/work, housework/work stress and stressful life events. Results.,Among the 182 cases who entered this study, 83 women (45·6%) had experienced 1,<14 days of LBP, and 99 women (54·4%) had at least 14 days of LBP in the previous 12 months. Those who reported that ,their family members, relatives or friends were very sick, died, needed her to take care of them or who they worried about in the past 12 months' had an increased risk of LBP of 67% (95% confidence interval (CI) 1·09,2·55). In addition women with a bad or ordinary relationship with cohabitants had an increased risk of LBP of 70% (95% CI 1·00,3·04). Lastly, women with a high housework or work stress had an increased risk of suffering both types of LBP of nearly two- and half-fold (95% CI 1·61,3·85). Conclusions.,The results indicate that an association exists between high socio-psychological stress and LBP prevalence. Alleviating the impact of housework or work related factors would, however, involve improving both the work and home environment. [source] The Importance and Place of Neuroticism in Predicting Burnout in Employment Service Case ManagersJOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 2 2004Richard Goddard This study investigated the ability of neuroticism to explain variance in burnout scores obtained from a sample of Australian case managers who work with individuals experiencing unemployment. Using a longitudinal survey methodology, 70 case managers completed the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI; Maslach, Jackson, & Leiter, 1996) on 2 occasions. Case managers also completed the Work Environment Scale (Moos, 1994) and the short form of the revised Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (Eysenck & Eysenck, 1991) on the first occasion. In a series of hierarchical regression analyses, neuroticism added significantly to the explanation of variance in all 3 MBI subscales after summary scores describing work stress and work relationships had been entered at an earlier step. An investigation of whether emotional exhaustion mediated the influence of neuroticism on depersonalization found that emotional exhaustion satisfied the criteria for complete mediation. [source] The relationship between work empowerment and work stress perceived by nurses at long-term care facilities in Taipei cityJOURNAL OF CLINICAL NURSING, Issue 22 2008I-Chuan Li Aim., To explore the relationships between work empowerment, including both structural and psychological empowerment and work stress among nurses at long-term care facilities in Taiwan. Design., Cross-sectional design with a descriptive correlation. Methods., Work empowerment includes both psychological and structural empowerment; 178 nurses participated in the study. Results., The results of this study showed that the average age of the subjects was 35·5 years and that 56·2% of subjects had less than two years work experience in the facility. The results indicated that there was a moderate level of psychological empowerment (mean 59·9, SD 8·1) and structural empowerment (mean 59·2, SD 11·1). A moderate level of work stress was also found with an average score of 72·3 (SD 14·4). Both psychological empowerment and structural empowerment were found to be significantly associated with total work stress (r = ,0·4, r = ,0·5, p < 0·001, respectively). The variables of age (standardised , = ,0·1), resources (standardised , = ,1·6), meaningful work (standardised , = ,0·4) and impact (standardised , = ,1·3) were significant predictors of work stress (R2 = 0·32, F = 17·3, p<0·001). Conclusion., Both psychological empowerment and structural empowerment were found to be significantly associated with work stress among nurses in this study. The four significant predictors of job satisfaction were age, resources, meaningful work and impact. Relevance to clinical practice., The managers of the facilities should provide available resources for nurses to accomplish work and to involve nurses in the development goals of the facilities to enhance their influence in the making of important changes within the organisation to decrease their work stress. [source] Work stress: an exploratory study of the practices and perceptions of female junior healthcare managersJOURNAL OF NURSING MANAGEMENT, Issue 1 2002K. Rodham BSc(HONS) Aim:, This exploratory study set out to investigate the perceptions and practices of junior healthcare managers with regard to stress at work. Background:, It has been suggested that cultural change is needed to accommodate a shift towards recognition of organizational responsibility for stress (Schulz et al. 1985). Logically, it can be argued that junior healthcare managers, as potential future senior managers, are best placed to facilitate this change. Junior healthcare managers' current thinking about stress had not yet been explored in depth. Method:, A combination of critical incident diaries and semistructured interviews was conducted with six junior healthcare managers. The data were analysed and transcribed using a grounded theory approach. Findings:, The main themes to emerge were that junior healthcare managers were generally unaware of (a) potential work stressors and (b) the effect of work stressors on their own health and performance and that of their staff. Conclusions:, The perceptions and practices of junior healthcare managers suggest that there is a culture of acceptance and expectation of work stress, combined with a lack of awareness to effectively and proactively manage it. [source] Sleep disturbances as a predictor of occupational injuries among public sector workersJOURNAL OF SLEEP RESEARCH, Issue 1p2 2010SIMO SALMINEN Summary The association between disturbed sleep and increased risk of occupational injury has been observed in several cross-sectional and case,control studies, but prospective evidence is lacking. We examined prospectively whether sleep disturbances predicted occupational injuries in a large population of Finnish public sector employees. A total of 48 598 employees working in 10 municipalities and 21 hospitals in various parts of Finland were included. Sleep disturbances were assessed with the four-item Jenkins Sleep Problems Scale. Records of sickness absence due to occupational injury during the year following the survey were obtained from employers' registers. A proportion (9076; 22%) of participants reported disturbed sleep, and 978 (2.4%) had a recorded occupational injury. After adjustment for socio-demographic characteristics, the odds ratio (OR) for occupational injury was 1.38 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02,1.87] times higher for men with experiences of disturbed sleep than for those without sleep disturbances, but not significant for women. Of the sub-dimensions of sleep disturbances, the OR for occupational injury was 1.69 (95% CI 1.26,2.26) for women with difficulties initiating sleep, but not significant for men. These associations remained after additional adjustment for work stress, sleep length, obesity, alcohol use and mental health. This study suggests that sleep disturbances are a significant predictor of occupational injuries even after accounting for a range of covariates. [source] Transformational Leadership and Employee Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Trust in the Leader and Self-EfficacyAPPLIED PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 3 2010Jiayan Liu Although transformational leadership (TL) is considered a kind of positive leadership, which can elevate followers in the long term, the mechanism of how TL influences employee well-being remains a relatively untouched area. Based on survey data collected from 745 employees from the People's Republic of China (Beijing, n= 297; Hong Kong, n= 448), results revealed that employees' trust in the leader and self-efficacy partially mediated the influence of TL on job satisfaction, and fully mediated the influence of TL on perceived work stress and stress symptoms. Implications of these findings for research and practice are discussed. Bien que le leadership transformationnnel (TL) soit considéré comme une sorte de leadership positif qui peut faire progresser les suiveurs sur le long terme, le mécanisme par lequel TL contribue à leur bien être reste relativement inexploré. Les résultats basés sur des données collectées auprès d'un échantillon de 745 employés de la République Populaire de Chine (Beijin, n = 297; Hong Kong, n = 448), montrent que la confiance des suiveurs dans le leader et l'auto-efficacité sont en partie dus à l'influence du TL sur la satisfaction au travail et sont entièrement dus à l'influence du TL sur le stress perçu au travail et les symptômes de stress. Les implications de ces résultats pour la recherche et la pratique sont discutées. [source] Regional differences among employed nurses: A Queensland studyAUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF RURAL HEALTH, Issue 4 2009Tim Henwood Abstract Objective:,To ascertain differences in the working lives of geographically dispersed nurses. Design:,Cross-sectional. Setting:,Registered, enrolled and assistants-in-nursing members of the Queensland Nurses' Union employed in nursing in Queensland, Australia. Participants:,A total of 3000 members of the Union, equally stratified by sector (public, private, aged care). Among them, 1192 responded and 1039 supplied postcodes matching the Australian Standard Geographical Classification. Main outcome measures:,Statistically significant differences in working lives of nurses employed in different geographical locations. Results:,Nurses in outer regional/remote/very remote localities are more likely to be employed as permanent full-time staff and self-report higher levels of work stress. These levels could be explained by: lack of replacement staff for leave, longer working and on call hours and lack of support for new staff. Distance remains a major barrier to accessing continuing professional education. However, outer regional/remote/very remote nurses were more likely to be provided employer support for professional education. Inner regional nurses were more likely to work part time, would work more hours if offered and were more likely to have taken a break from nursing as a result of family commitments. Conclusion:,The data confirm that current policies are not addressing the differences in the working lives of geographically dispersed nurses. Policies addressing orientation, mentoring and workloads should be implemented to address these issues. [source] Musculoskeletal disorders and psychosocial risk factors among veterinarians in Queensland, AustraliaAUSTRALIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL, Issue 7 2009DR Smith Objective Although musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) represent one of the most important occupational health issues in contemporary society, few studies have specifically investigated this problem among veterinarians. Design An anonymous questionnaire survey mailed to all veterinarians registered with the Veterinary Surgeons Board of Queensland during 2006. Results Almost two-thirds of respondents (63%) had experienced MSD of the lower back, 57% had experienced neck-related MSD, 52% had experienced shoulder-related MSD and 34% had experienced MSD of the upper back during the previous 12 months. MSD was statistically correlated with a range of psychosocial factors, including stress associated with career structure, time pressures, client's attitude, lack of recognition by the public, lack of recognition by colleagues, lack of understanding from family or partners and work stress because of insufficient holidays each year. Conclusion Overall, this study has demonstrated significant correlations between MSD and psychosocial risk factors among a large cohort of veterinarians, apparently for the first time in the published literature. The results also suggest that personal and workplace issues may contribute more to the development of MSD among veterinarians than many of the previously recognised ergonomic risk factors. [source] Balancing Work and Family: A Controlled Evaluation of the Triple P- Positive Parenting Program as a Work-Site InterventionCHILD AND ADOLESCENT MENTAL HEALTH, Issue 4 2003Alicia J. Martin Background: Despite a wealth of evidence showing that behavioural family intervention is an effective intervention for parents of children with behavioural and emotional problems, little attention has been given to the relationship between parents functioning at work and their capacity to manage parenting and other home responsibilities. This study evaluated the effects of a group version of the Triple-P Positive Parenting Program (WPTP) designed specifically for delivery in the workplace. Method: Participants were 42 general and academic staff from a major metropolitan university who were reporting difficulties managing home and work responsibilities and behavioural difficulties with their children. Participants were randomly assigned to WPTP, or to a waitlist control (WL) condition. Results: Following intervention, parents in WPTP reported significantly lower levels of disruptive child behaviour, dysfunctional parenting practices, and higher levels of parental self-efficacy in managing both home and work responsibilities, than parents in the WL condition. These short-term improvements were maintained at 4-months follow-up. There were also additional improvements in reported levels of work stress and parental distress at follow-up in the WPTP group compared to post-intervention. Conclusions: Implications for the development of ,family-friendly' work environments and the prevention of child behaviour problems are discussed. [source] | |||||||||||||