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Work Roles (work + role)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	31%
Humanities and Social Sciences	25%
Education	12%

Selected Abstracts

Work Roles and Careers of R&D Scientists in Network Organizations

INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS, Issue 2 2005
ALICE LAM
Despite the burgeoning literature on the network organization as a new mode of innovation, we know little about how the flow of knowledge across organizational boundaries is intertwined with careers. This study explores the implications of the network model of R&D organization for the work roles and careers of R&D scientists within the changing relationship between industry and the academia. It examines how firms seek to resolve the tension between science and business by developing closer human resource ties with universities. It argues that firms have sought to construct "extended" internal labour markets (EILMs) between themselves and the universities with which they collaborate, leading to the formation of a hybrid scientific community straddling the two sectors. [source]

Corporate Strategy and Gendered Professional Identities: Reorganization and the Struggle for Recognition and Positions

GENDER, WORK & ORGANISATION, Issue 3 2001
Bente Rasmussen
Will decentralization of responsibilities in services give women service workers at the lower levels of the organization better and more ,professional' jobs and a recognition of their importance in the organization? This article looks at the valuation of so-called women's skills in services in reorganization processes involving dehierarchization and decentralization of responsibilities. Through four cases of reorganized private and public services in Norway it is shown that more focus on customers and decentralization of responsibilities for the services may lead to recognition of gendered skills and an improved position for women service workers at the lowest levels of the organization. When the tasks of the workers are closely linked to the core function of the organization and not dominated by the organization's ,dirty work', the women at the lowest levels may obtain a more ,professional' work role and their work be recognized as important for the organization. [source]

International creative tension study of university students in South Korea and Finland

HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS IN MANUFACTURING & SERVICE INDUSTRIES, Issue 6 2009
Yoon Chang
The goal of this research was to compare the creative tension of university students in South Korea and Finland at three different universities. The creative tension, or the gap between a personal vision and the current reality, was analyzed according to relevant competences in a project manager's work role. In this case, students acted as the project managers in their role of completing all the requirements of their degree. The application used for collecting and analyzing the data was Cycloid, a project manager's work role,based competence application and a model in the generic Evolute system supporting fuzzy logic applications. Data for 108 university students were collected online through self-evaluations. The application was able to identify the creative tension in each group of university students, and the results show major differences in creative tension across the universities (and also between countries). This type of in-depth analysis into the cultural perceptions of attributes offers valuable new information for academia and businesses in the assessment and improvement of multicultural understanding and cooperation in areas of mutual interest and business. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source]

A study of creative tension of engineering students in Korea

HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS IN MANUFACTURING & SERVICE INDUSTRIES, Issue 6 2007
Yoon Chang
The aim of this research was to study the nature of creative tension of engineering students in South Korea. The creative tension was analyzed according to relevant competences in project managers' work role. Most of the subjects who participated in this study were part-time students who worked as managers in manufacturing and industrial companies. The application used for collecting and analyzing data was the project managers' work-role,based competence application, Cycloid. Data were collected on the Internet by self-evaluation. The constructed competence model of the Cycloid application was added into the Evolute self-evaluation system utilizing fuzzy logic. The application was able to identify students' current state and personal aims and the creative tension essential for their personal development. The Cycloid application can be utilized in developing the professional competencies of individuals, teams, and organizations. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Hum Factors Man 17: 511,520, 2007. [source]

Problem-solving competency of nursing graduates

JOURNAL OF ADVANCED NURSING, Issue 5 2004
Leana R. Uys DSocSc
Aim., This paper reports a study describing and evaluating the outcomes of problem-based learning (PBL) programmes in nursing schools in South Africa in terms of the competence of graduates to solve problem in actual clinical settings, and comparing this competence with that of graduates from non-PBL programmes. Background., The nursing literature tends to equate problem-solving with patient-centred problems or the nursing process. However, it is also a skill used in managing the work role, working in a team and managing a health care unit. Problem-solving refers to the process of selectively attending to information in a patient care setting. The investigation of problem-solving in nursing is complicated by the complex relationships between different cognitive processes. Methods., A qualitative evaluation study, descriptive and comparative in nature, was carried out. In-depth interviews were held with graduates and their supervisors, asking them to identify problem-solving incidents in which they had been involved. Template analysis style and Benner's interpretive approach were used to analyse the data. Findings., The majority of the incidents described by the graduates (84%) were graded at the advanced beginner level or above. The majority of incidents at the novice level came from the non-PBL group. ,Using people skills' and ,being assertive' were the two problem-solving strategies most often used. The PBL group fared better than the non-problem-based group in the level of their problem-solving ability. Conclusion., The findings of this study suggest that further research is warranted into the problem-solving abilities of PBL graduates, their personal development over time and at different stages of practice. In addition, it would be interesting to follow the development of their problem-solving abilities over time. [source]

Descriptive, exploratory study of the role of nursing assistants in Australian residential aged care facilities: The example of pain management

AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL ON AGEING, Issue 2 2009
Kristi Holloway
Aim:, This study explored the experiences of nursing assistants (NAs) who work with older people in residential aged care facilities (RACFs), to ascertain their role in Australian RACFs. Experiences with pain management were used as an example to explore their work role. Methods:, A descriptive, exploratory qualitative approach was used to examine NAs' experiences. Participants included six NAs from three RACFs in regional Western Australia. In-depth interviews focused on the NAs' experiences of providing care to older people in RACFs and in particular their experiences providing pain management for residents. Results:, The role of NAs often extends beyond their scope of practice. NAs describe making clinical decisions, initiating clinical care and advocating for residents. Conclusions:, NAs represent a majority of the staff in Australian RACFs and they have a significant role in clinical care. There is a need to ensure that NAs are adequately prepared and supported in their role. [source]

Factors associated with return-to-work and health outcomes among survivors of road crashes in Victoria

AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH, Issue 2 2010
Michael Fitzharris
Abstract Objective: To explore the relationships between injury, disability, work role and return-to-work outcomes following admission to hospital as a consequence of injury sustained in a road crash. Design and setting: Prospective cohort study of patients admitted to an adult trauma centre and two metropolitan teaching hospitals in Victoria, Australia. Participants were interviewed in hospital, 2.5 and eight months post-discharge. Participants: Participants were 60 employed and healthy adults aged 18 to 59 years admitted to hospital in the period February 2004 to March 2005. Results: Despite differences in health between the lower extremity fracture and non-fracture groups eight months post-crash the proportions having returned to work was approximately 90%. Of those returning to work, 44% did so in a different role. After adjustment for baseline parameters, lower extremity injuries were associated with a slower rate of return to work (HR: 0.31; 95%CI: 0.16,0.58) as was holding a manual occupation (HR: 0.16; 95%CI: 0.09,0.57). There were marked differences in physical health between and within the injury groups at both follow-up periods. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that both injury type and severity and the nature of ones occupation have a considerable influence on the rate and pattern of return to work following injury. Further, persisting disability has a direct influence on the likelihood of returning to work. The implications of these findings and the types of data required to measure outcome post-injury are discussed. [source]

Reported bruxism and stress experience

COMMUNITY DENTISTRY AND ORAL EPIDEMIOLOGY, Issue 6 2002
J. Ahlberg
Abstract,,, The aim of the study was to analyze whether perceived bruxism was associated with stress experience, age, gender, work role, and occupational health care use among a nonpatient multiprofessional population. Altogether, 1784 (age 30,55 years) employees of the Finnish Broadcasting Company were mailed a self-administered questionnaire covering demographics, perceived bruxism, total stress experience and the use of health care services provided by the company. The response rate was 75% (n = 1339, 51% men) and mean age was 46 years (SD = 6) in both genders. There were no significant differences in demographic status by age and gender. Bruxism and stress experiences did not significantly vary with regard to category of work, but both were significantly more frequent among women (P < 0.05). In all work categories frequent bruxers reported more stress, and the perceptions were significantly differently polarized between the groups (P < 0.001). According to logistic regression, frequent bruxism was significantly positively associated with severe stress experience (Odds ratio = 5.00; 95% CI = 2.84,8.82) and female gender (Odds ratio = 2.26; 95% CI = 1.43,3.55). Frequent bruxism was also significantly positively associated with the numbers of occupational health care and dental visits (P < 0.01), and slightly negatively associated with increasing age and work in administration (P < 0.05). It was concluded that bruxism may reveal ongoing stress in normal work life. [source]

Work Roles and Careers of R&D Scientists in Network Organizations

Staffing in acute hospital wards: part 1.

JOURNAL OF NURSING MANAGEMENT, Issue 5 2003
The relationship between number of nurses, ward organizational environment
This paper is one of two that explores relationships between nursing staff resources, ward organizational practice and nurses' perceptions of ward environments. Here we examine relationships between staff numbers, care organization and nursing practice. A subsequent paper examines the effects of grade mix and staff stability. The data were collected in the mid-1990s from a nationally representative sample of 100 acute hospital wards and 825 nurses. Our analyses provide important insights for managers seeking to achieve the strategic aims set out in Working Together, and subsequent National Health Service (NHS) policy placing emphasis on making the best use of nurses, focussing on mobilising their knowledge, skills and talents within the context of extended work roles. Findings show that number of nurses is associated not only with ward organizational systems but also with a range of care processes and staff outcomes which hitherto have been linked only to ward organizational systems. The latter have been identified as providing different opportunities for developing multidisciplinary working and nurses' autonomy but the central importance of having an adequate number of staff to achieve these aims has been largely overlooked in research. Having fewer nurses was associated with both hierarchical ward organizational structures and hierarchical attitudes to care provision, denoting lower standards of nursing practice. A larger nursing complement was significantly associated with devolved organizational structures but no link was established between more staff and higher standards of nursing practice. When there were more staff there was a positive association with nurses' perceptions of multidisciplinary collaboration, their ability to cope with workload and job satisfaction. Employing an adequate number of nurses to provide care is clearly beneficial for nurses themselves. Patients are also likely to benefit from a lower incidence of ,hierarchical practice' associated with having a low nurse/bed ratio within a ward. [source]

Social class background and the school-to-work transition

NEW DIRECTIONS FOR CHILD & ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT, Issue 119 2008
Jeremy Staff
Whereas in years past, young people typically made a discrete transition from school to work, two ideal typical routes now characterize the sharing of school and work roles during adolescence and the transition to adulthood. Longitudinal data from the Youth Development Study show that one route involves less intensive employment during high school, followed by continued part-time employment and postsecondary educational investment. This pathway, more common for youth of higher-class origins, is especially beneficial for young people from lower socioeconomic backgrounds. A second route is early intensive work experience during high school that is less conducive to longer-term educational and wage attainments. [source]

Demographics, employment motivations, and roles of part-time faculty at virtual universities

NEW DIRECTIONS FOR HIGHER EDUCATION, Issue 143 2008
Lauryl A. LefebvreArticle first published online: 21 AUG 200
Faculty members working within virtual university settings are distinguished demographically and by their employment motivations and work roles. [source]

Integration: Evaluating faculty work as a whole

NEW DIRECTIONS FOR INSTITUTIONAL RESEARCH, Issue 114 2002
Carol L. Colbeck
Faculty work frequently involves joint production of teaching and research, teaching and service, or research and service. Evaluation should recognize and encourage integration of faculty work roles. [source]

The autogenic (self-generated) massacre

BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES & THE LAW, Issue 3 2004
D.Sc., F.R.A.N.Z.C.P., F.R.C. Psych.Article first published online: 21 DEC 200, Paul E. Mullen M.B.B.S.
Mass killings can be of a variety of types including family slayings, cult killings, and the by-product of other criminal activities. This article focuses on massacres where the perpetrators indiscriminately kill people in pursuit of a highly personal agenda arising from their own specific social situation and psychopathology. Five cases are presented of this type of autogenic (self-generated) massacre, all of whom survived and were assessed by the author. Not only do these massacres follow an almost stereotypical course, but the perpetrators tend to share common social and psychological disabilities. They are isolates, often bullied in childhood, who have rarely established themselves in effective work roles as adults. They have personalities marked by suspiciousness, obsessional traits, and grandiosity. They often harbour persecutory beliefs, which may occasionally verge on the delusional. The autogenic massacre is essentially murder suicide, in which the perpetrators intend first to kill as many people as they can and then kill themselves. The script for this particular form of suicide has established itself in western society and is continuing to spread, and to diversify. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Preserving Domesticity: Reading Tupperware in Women's Changing Domestic, Social and Economic Roles,

CANADIAN REVIEW OF SOCIOLOGY/REVUE CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE, Issue 2 2003
SUSAN VINCENT
L'image représentée par Tupperware est essentiellement féminine. Cet article analyse la littérature entourant Tupperware pour y retrouver cette image de la fémininité de classe moyenne, euronord-américaine et domestique. L'analyse de cette littérature se fait en tenant compte des changements et continuités, au cours des 50 dernières années, des rôles domestiques, économiques et sociaux des femmes nord-américaines. Ces rôles domestiques et économiques se sont entrelacés, ce qui a permis à L'entreprise de mieux les exploiter. La réussite de Tupperware en s'associant à cette image très précise peut servir comme baromètre pour révéler comment les femmes négocient les pressions combinées de la maison et du travail. Tupperware projects a quintessentially gendered image. This article explores writings by and about Tupperware to discover its representation of middle-class white domestic femininity. This image is read against changes and continuities in North American women's domestic, economic and social roles over the past fifty years. There has been an ongoing intertwining of women's domestic and paid work roles that Tupperware has been able to exploit. The enduring success of Tupperware as a company associated with a specific image is thus a useful barometer indicating how women are contending with the combined pressures of home and work. [source]

Young Peoples' Representations of ,Atypical' Work in English Society

CHILDREN & SOCIETY, Issue 3 2009
Sarah Crafter
In this paper, we explore young peoples' normative representations of work. In particular, we are interested in the ways young people view work roles which could be considered ,atypical' such as young caring or language brokering. Interviewed were 46 young people (15,18 years) some who did, and some who did not engage in the ,atypical' work roles of language brokering or young caring. Findings indicated that young people have a strong representation of what a ,normal' childhood comprises and that friends, teachers and parents play a mediational role in cementing this contextually. However, respondents presented two alternative representations around engagement in ,atypical' roles, with some individuals holding both views at the same time. On the one hand, they felt that engagement in ,atypical' activities would be experienced as a loss of ,normal' childhood. On the other hand, a more positive representation of ,atypical' childhoods was also drawn on, in which engagement in ,atypical' activities was seen as a source of pride and a contributor of additional skills to a child's development. This opinion was evidenced by both those who had, and those who had not engaged in ,atypical' work. [source]