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Work Addressing (work + addressing)
Selected AbstractsPrescription drug misuse: Is technology friend or foe?DRUG AND ALCOHOL REVIEW, Issue 1 2009SUZANNE NIELSEN Abstract Introduction and Aims. Prescription drug misuse and related harms have been increasing considerably over the past decade. At the same time, there has also been rapid growth in the use of online and Internet technologies. Thus, it is important that we understand the role online and Internet technologies play in prescription drug misuse. Design and Methods. Published work addressing the role of technology in prescription drug misuse is explored. Topics include: Internet supply, online monitoring of prescription drug use trends and electronic prescription monitoring. Results. Little is known about the prevalence of acquiring prescription drugs from online pharmacies. Prescription drugs are easily accessible through vendor websites, and ,rogue' no-prescription websites have proven difficult to control. There has so far been limited application of real-time monitoring to prevent overuse of prescription medications. Online monitoring of drug use trends may also prove to be a useful and timely source of information about new methods of ,off-label' prescription drug use. Discussion and Conclusions. Technology has the potential to play a more prominent role in facilitating drug acquisition, while also enhancing the monitoring and prevention of prescription drug misuse. As technology becomes more ubiquitous in everyday life, the continued investigation of its relationship with prescription drug misuse becomes even more important.[Nielsen S, Barratt MJ. Prescription drug misuse: Is technology friend or foe? Drug Alcohol Rev 2009;28:81,86] [source] Juries and Unpredictability in Products Liability Damage AwardsLAW & POLICY, Issue 1 2001Elizabeth Graddy The size and variability of jury damage awards in tort cases has been a contentious issue for over a decade. Nevertheless, there has been little empirical work addressing the relationship between the size of jury awards to products liability victims and their compensable losses. This paper examines this relationship using a sample of California cases. A compensatory model of damages based on plaintiff, injury, and case characteristics explains a large proportion of the variance in damage awards suggesting that juries rely heavily on monetary and non-monetary loss estimates in determining damages. The evidence argues against charges of unpredictability, and indicates undercompensation on average. [source] THE CONUNDRUM OF CLAUDICATIONANZ JOURNAL OF SURGERY, Issue 10 2006Ramon L. Varcoe Stable claudication has traditionally been treated conservatively by many clinicians as operative therapies involve considerable risk for a condition that is often slowly progressive and non-fatal. The relative safety of less invasive endovascular techniques brings potential survival benefits from the increased exercise tolerance that result. We aimed to revisit and clarify the aetiologies of intermittent claudication in a review of the rarer causes that can mimic atherosclerotic occlusive disease. An extensive search of Medline, Embase and the Cochrane databases was carried out to compile published work addressing the aetiology of claudication and specific non-atherosclerotic causes. The reference lists of these manuscripts were also searched for relevant articles. There are several vasculogenic and neurogenic causes for intermittent claudication, many of which are unrelated to atherosclerosis. Recognition of these rarer syndromes is essential when planning endovascular or operative management strategies. Consideration of non-atherosclerotic differential diagnoses is recommended when assessing the patient with intermittent claudication. This is particularly critical in the young patient whose pattern of symptoms and risk factors may not fit precisely with atherosclerosis. [source] Materials in particulate form for tissue engineering.JOURNAL OF TISSUE ENGINEERING AND REGENERATIVE MEDICINE, Issue 2 2007Abstract Materials in particulate form have been the subjects of intensive research in view of their use as drug delivery systems. While within this application there are still issues to be addressed, these systems are now being regarded as having a great potential for tissue engineering applications. Bone repair is a very demanding task, due to the specific characteristics of skeletal tissues, and the design of scaffolds for bone tissue engineering presents several difficulties. Materials in particulate form are now seen as a means of achieving higher control over parameters such as porosity, pore size, surface area and the mechanical properties of the scaffold. These materials also have the potential to incorporate biologically active molecules for release and to serve as carriers for cells. It is believed that the combination of these features would create a more efficient approach towards regeneration. This review focuses on the application of materials in particulate form for bone tissue engineering. A brief overview of bone biology and the healing process is also provided in order to place the application in its broader context. An original compilation of molecules with a documented role in bone tissue biology is listed, as they have the potential to be used in bone tissue engineering strategies. To sum up this review, examples of works addressing the above aspects are presented. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Important antinutrients in plant feedstuffs for aquaculture: an update on recent findings regarding responses in salmonidsAQUACULTURE RESEARCH, Issue 3 2010Åshild Krogdahl Abstract This review presents an overview of antinutritive factors (ANFs) relevant for fish nutrition. The sources of ANFs and the possibilities of reducing the impact of ANFs are briefly mentioned. Proteinase inhibitors, lectins, saponins and oligosaccharides are given a more thorough presentation regarding mechanisms of action and the state of knowledge regarding effects on gut function in fish and upper safe dietary levels. Thereafter, selected results from recent works addressing the involvement of T cells and proteinase-activated receptors in soybean-induced enteritis are summarized. Our conclusions are as follows: we are only beginning to understand effects of ANFs in fish; strengthening of the knowledge base is urgently needed to understand the effects and to find the means to overcome or modify these effects; interactions between the effects of ANFs appear to be very important; the microbiota may modify the effects of ANFs; not only salmonids are affected; not only soybeans contain ANFs of biological importance in fish; and with increased knowledge, we can develop better diets for optimal nutrition, health and economy in aquaculture. [source] | ||||||||||