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Women Showing (woman + showing)
Selected AbstractsMonitoring Teriparatide-Associated Changes in Vertebral Microstructure by High-Resolution CT In Vivo: Results From the EUROFORS Study,JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH, Issue 9 2007Christian Graeff Dipl-Ing Abstract We introduce a method for microstructural analysis of vertebral trabecular bone in vivo based on HRCT. When applied to monitor teriparatide treatment, changes in structural variables exceeded and were partially independent of changes in volumetric BMD. Introduction: Monitoring of osteoporosis therapy based solely on bone densitometry is insufficient to assess anti-fracture efficacy. Assessing bone microstructure in vivo is therefore of importance. We studied whether it is possible to monitor effects of teriparatide on vertebral trabecular microstructure independent of BMD by high-resolution CT (HRCT). Materials and Methods: In a subset of 65 postmenopausal women with established osteoporosis who participated in the EUROFORS study, HRCT scans of T12, quantitative CT of L1,L3, and DXA of L1,L4 were performed after 0, 6, and 12 mo of teriparatide treatment (20 ,g/d). We compared BMD and 3D microstructural variables in three groups of women, based on prior antiresorptive treatment: treatment-naïve; pretreated; and pretreated women showing inadequate response to treatment. Results: We found statistically highly significant increases in most microstructural variables and BMD 6 mo after starting teriparatide. After 12 mo, apparent bone volume fraction (app. BV/TV) increased by 30.6 ± 4.4% (SE), and apparent trabecular number (app. Tb.N.) increased by 19.0 ± 3.2% compared with 6.4 ± 0.7% for areal and 19.3 ± 2.6% for volumetric BMD. The structural changes were partially independent of BMD as shown by a significantly larger standardized increase and a standardized long-term precision at least as good as DXA. Patients who had shown inadequate response to prior osteoporosis treatment did show improvements in BMD and structural measures comparable to treatment-naïve patients. Conclusions: HRCT is a feasible method for longitudinal microstructural analysis of human vertebrae in vivo, offers information beyond BMD, and is sufficiently precise to show profound effects of teriparatide after 12 mo. [source] Morbidity figures from general practice: sex differences in traumatologyJOURNAL OF EVALUATION IN CLINICAL PRACTICE, Issue 4 2010Toine Lagro-Janssen MD PhD Abstract Background, Trauma prevention starts with to find out the extent of the problem and who it affects. Insight into morbidity figures is therefore necessary. Aim, To explore sex differences in traumatology and secondary medical care utilization in primary care related to age and socio-economic status (SES). Methods, Data were obtained from an academic continuous morbidity registration project in the Netherlands in the period from 1996 to 2006, in which 13 000 patients were followed in 10 successive years. Results, Sex differences showed a male excess from childhood to 45 years and women showing almost double trauma rates in the elderly. Low SES was associated with the greatest incidence of traumas. The largest sex difference in incidence above 65 years appeared in the high SES with more traumas in women compared with men. From this age on, female morbidity in traumatology outnumbered male morbidity regardless of SES. Considering use of referrals, we found that in the age group 15,45 years men made a greater use of secondary medical care. However, the vastest gender influence in medical care utilization was noticed in the age group over 65 years, outnumbered with women. Conclusion, Young men and old women are the most at risk for traumatic health problems: men presenting with traumata of the skull, the tibia and ocular trauma's and women with fractures of the femur, humerus and wrist. For both men and women the greatest incidence is in the low SES. Family physicians can play a pivotal role in prevention to focus on their patients with high risks. [source] Sexual functioning in patients with end-stage liver disease before and after transplantationLIVER TRANSPLANTATION, Issue 10 2006James H. Sorrell The effects of end-stage liver disease (ESLD) on sexual functioning are complex and often overlooked in the context of chronic illness and the transplantation evaluation. The aim of the present study is to report on the prevalence of sexual dysfunction in patients with ESLD presenting for liver transplantation evaluation, as well as to examine a cohort after transplantation. Participants included 173 consecutive adult outpatients with ESLD who presented for orthotopic liver transplantation evaluation. All transplant candidates underwent a psychiatric evaluation, and a sexual history was taken by the transplant psychiatrist. Patients who received a liver transplant were contacted by telephone for follow-up (n = 39). The following domains were explored: sexual frequency, satisfaction, ability to orgasm, sexual interest, and, for men, erectile dysfunction. Before transplantation, high levels of sexual dysfunction were found, with women showing higher levels of dysfunction than men. Increased age and more severe liver disease were related to lower sexual frequency and satisfaction. Contrary to previous work, the cause of disease (alcoholic liver disease) was not related to sexual functioning before transplantation. Those with erectile dysfunction before transplantation showed continued dysfunction after transplantation. An additional finding was an age and gender bias against taking a sexual history from older women. Overall, for both men and women, the findings point to continued and persistent sexual dysfunction after transplantation. Findings may help transplant teams routinely inquire into the sensitive domain of sexual functioning early on and thereby provide an opportunity for treatment. Liver Transpl 12:1473-1477, 2006. © 2006 AASLD. [source] Changing patterns of diet, physical activity and obesity among urban, rural and slum populations in north IndiaOBESITY REVIEWS, Issue 5 2008K. Yadav Summary Rapid urbanization and accompanying lifestyle changes in India lead to transition in non-communicable disease risk factors. A survey was done in urban, urban slum and rural population of Haryana, India, in a sample of 4129 men and 3852 women using WHO STEPS questionnaire. A very high proportion of all the three populations reported inadequate intake of fruits and vegetables. Rural men reported five times physical activity as compared with urban and urban slum men and rural women reported seven times physical activity as compared with women in the other two settings. Mean body mass index (BMI) was highest among urban men (22.8 kg m,2) followed by urban slum (21.0 kg m,2) and rural men (20.6 kg m,2) (P -value < 0.01). Similar trend was seen for women but at a higher level than men. Prevalence of obesity (BMI , 30 kg m,2) was highest for urban population (male = 5.5%, female = 12.6%) followed by urban slum (male = 1.9%, female = 7.2%) and rural populations (male = 1.6%, female = 3.8%). Urbanization increases the prevalence of the studied non-communicable disease risk factors, with women showing a greater increase as compared with men. Non-communicable disease control strategy needs to address urbanization and warrants gender sensitive strategies specifically targeting women. [source] | ||||||||||