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Selected AbstractsAre symptoms of depression more common in diabetes?DIABETIC MEDICINE, Issue 11 2008Results from the Heinz Nixdorf Recall study Abstract Aims To estimate the association between depressive symptoms and Type 2 diabetes, as well as previously undetected diabetes, in a large population-based sample in Germany and to determine associated variables. Methods We used baseline data on 4595 participants (age 45,75 years, 50.2% women) from the German Heinz Nixdorf Recall study, a population-based, prospective cohort study which started in 2000. Diabetes mellitus was assessed by self report (physician diagnosis or medication), undiagnosed diabetes based on blood glucose levels. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale short form (cut-off , 15 points). We fitted multiple logistic regression models. Results The prevalence of diagnosed and previously undetected diabetes was 9.3% (95% confidence interval 8.2,11.6) and 7.6% (6.6,8.8) in men and 6.0% (5.1,7.1) and 3.2% (2.5,4.0) in women, respectively. Compared with non-diabetic women, the prevalence of depressive symptoms was not significantly different in diabetic women (age-adjusted odds ratio, 95% confidence interval 1.48; 0.98,2.24) and women with undiagnosed diabetes (0.67; 0.33,1.36). In men, the prevalence of depressive symptoms tended to be lower in diabetic than in non-diabetic subjects (0.62; 0.35,1.09), but the depressive symptoms were significantly less frequent in men with undiagnosed diabetes (0.30; 0.13,0.70). The pattern remained after further adjustment. Significant associations with depressive symptoms were found for co-morbidities and living without a partner in both women and in men, and for body mass index and activity level in women only. Conclusions After adjustment for relevant covariates, the association between depressive symptoms and Type 2 diabetes was heterogenous in our population-based study. In subjects with undiagnosed diabetes, however, depressive symptoms were less frequent in men. Co-morbidities and psychosocial conditions are strongly associated with depressive symptoms. [source] Mortality risk up to 25 years after initiation of treatment among 420 Swedish women with alcohol addictionADDICTION, Issue 3 2009Brit Haver ABSTRACT Aims Women treated for alcohol addiction have mortality rates three to five times those of women from the general population (GP). However, these figures may be inflated because socially disadvantaged women with advanced drinking careers are over-represented in previous studies. Our aim was to study the long-term mortality of socially relatively well-functioning patients coming to their first treatment, compared to matched GP controls. Design The mortality rates and causes of death were compared between patients and their matched GP controls, using data from the Causes of Death Register throughout the follow-up period (0,25 years). Setting A specialized treatment programme for women only, called ,Early treatment for Women with Alcohol Addiction' (EWA) at the Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. Participants Subjects (n = 420) receiving their first treatment at the EWA programme, compared to a group of matched GP women (n = 2037). Findings The women patients had significantly higher mortality than matched GP controls throughout the whole follow-up period, with a relative risk of 2.4. However, the younger women had four times higher mortality than their matched controls. The peak of deaths occurred during the first 5 years, and alcohol-related causes of death were highly over-represented, as were uncertain suicides and accidents. Conclusions First-time-treated women with alcohol addiction have a substantially lower mortality than reported previously from clinical samples, except for the youngest group. Our figures were corrected for confounding factors such as socio-demographic status. We believe our results could apply to broader groups of heavy drinking women, inside or outside specialized treatment settings. [source] Age,period,cohort modelling of alcohol volume and heavy drinking days in the US National Alcohol Surveys: divergence in younger and older adult trendsADDICTION, Issue 1 2009William C. Kerr ABSTRACT Aims The decomposition of trends in alcohol volume and heavy drinking days into age, period, cohort and demographic effects offers an important perspective on the dynamics of change in alcohol use patterns in the United States. Design The present study utilizes data from six National Alcohol Surveys conducted over the 26-year period between 1979 and 2005. Setting United States. Measurements Alcohol volume and the number of days when five or more and eight or more drinks were consumed were derived from overall and beverage-specific graduated frequency questions. Results Trend analyses show that while mean values of drinking measures have continued to decline for those aged 26 and older, there has been a substantial increase in both alcohol volume and 5+ days among those aged 18,25 years. Age,period,cohort models indicate a potential positive cohort effect among those born after 1975. However, an alternative interpretation of an age,cohort interaction where drinking falls off more steeply in the late 20s than was the case in the oldest surveys cannot be ruled out. For women only, the 1956,60 birth cohort appears to drink more heavily than those born just before or after. Models also indicate the importance of income, ethnicity, education and marital status in determining these alcohol measures. Conclusions Increased heavy drinking among young adults in recent surveys presents a significant challenge for alcohol policy and may indicate a sustained increase in future US alcohol consumption. [source] Motivational enhancement and coping skills training for cocaine abusers: effects on substance use outcomesADDICTION, Issue 7 2004Damaris J. Rohsenow Abstract Aims This clinical trial investigated effects of motivational enhancement treatment (MET) and group coping-skills training (CST) tailored for cocaine dependence. Effects of MET were hypothesized to be greater with CST and for less motivated patients. Design and interventions A 2 × 2 design investigated two individual sessions of MET compared to meditation,relaxation (MRT), followed by four group sessions of CST versus drug education (ED), as daily adjuncts to intensive treatment. Setting The substance abuse program provided full-day treatment with a learning-theory and 12-Step orientation. Participants Cocaine-dependent patients were recruited. Measurements Assessment included treatment retention; change in cocaine-related urge, self-efficacy, pros and cons, and motivation; substance use and problems during 12-month follow-up. Findings Of 165 patients, follow-up status is known for 90% (n = 149). Patients in MET with low initial motivation to change reported less cocaine and alcohol relapse and use days and fewer alcohol problems than MET patients with higher initial motivation. MET produced more employment improvement than MRT, with no other significant benefit for MET. Patients with higher motivation had more cocaine use and alcohol problems after MET than MRT. Group CST reduced cocaine and alcohol use during follow-up for women only and reduced alcohol relapse for men and women. Conclusions MET is more beneficial for patients with lower initial motivation than for patients with high initial motivation. CST reduced cocaine and alcohol use for women only and reduced alcohol relapses, in contrast to results with lengthier individual CST. [source] Effects of long-term exposure to ramelteon, a melatonin receptor agonist, on endocrine function in adults with chronic insomniaHUMAN PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY: CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL, Issue 2 2009Gary Richardson Abstract Objective To evaluate the effects of ramelteon, an MT1/MT2 melatonin receptor agonist used to treat insomnia, on endocrine function in adults with chronic insomnia. Methods This was a double-blind, placebo-controlled, trial of adults (18,45 years) with chronic insomnia. Subjects received either ramelteon 16,mg or placebo nightly for 6 months. Hormonal measures of the thyroid, reproductive, and adrenal axes were analyzed monthly and compared with baseline and placebo values. Results While isolated changes were detected at some time points, there were no consistent statistically significant differences between treatments on measures of thyroid function (total T4, free T4, TSH, and total T3), adrenal function (AM cortisol, and ACTH), or on most reproductive endocrine measures [LH, FSH, estradiol (women), total, and free testosterone (men)]. Prolactin concentrations were increased overall in women in the ramelteon group compared with placebo (p,=,0.003). No clinical effects of elevated prolactin were reported; average menstrual cycle length, duration of menses, and ovulation probability did not differ between groups. Conclusions Long-term exposure to ramelteon 16,mg, a potent melatonin receptor agonist, resulted in mild, transient increase in prolactin, in women only, that were not associated with measurable reproductive effects. There were no consistent changes in other endocrine measures. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Perfectionism and Thoughts About Having Cosmetic Surgery Performed,JOURNAL OF APPLIED BIOBEHAVIORAL RESEARCH, Issue 4 2004Simon B. Sherry Trait perfectionism, perfectionistic self-presentation, and thoughts about having cosmetic surgery performed (TAHCSP) were examined. In Study 1, perfectionistic self-promotion (PSP) and nondisplay of imperfection (NDP) correlated with TAHCSP in 292 university women. Both Study 2 (N - 527 university women and 209 university men) and Study 3 (N= 43 gym-going women and 52 gym-going men) replicated findings from Study 1. Studies 2 and 3 extended Study 1 by showing that (a) socially prescribed perfectionism (SPP) correlated with TAHCSP and (b) PSP, NDP, and SPP correlated with TAHCSP in women only. PSP and NDP mediated the relation between SPP and TAHCSP in studies 2 and 3. Results held after controlling for age and body mass index. Perfectionists' pursuit of appearance ideals, fault-finding predilection, and concern over others' evaluations may generate and maintain TAHCSP. [source] Large-Scale Genome-Wide Linkage Analysis for Loci Linked to BMD at Different Skeletal Sites in Extreme Selected Sibships,JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH, Issue 2 2007Yi-Hsiang Hsu Abstract Few genome-wide linkage studies of osteoporosis have been conducted in the Asian population. We performed a genome-wide scan involving 3093 adult siblings with at least one sib-pair extremely concordant or discordant for hip BMD. Our results indicated four genome-wide significant QTLs for BMD. In comparison with 12 previous reported linkage studies, we reveal novel linkage regions that have reaching global significance. Introduction: The genetic basis for osteoporosis has been firmly established, but efforts to identify genes associated with this complex trait have been incomplete, especially in Asian populations. The purpose of this study was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for BMD in a Chinese population. Materials and Methods: We performed a genome-wide scan involving 3093 siblings 25,64 years of age from 941 families, with at least one sib-pair extreme concordant or discordant for total hip BMD from a large community-based cohort (n = 23,327) in Anhui, China. Linkage analysis was performed on BMD residuals adjusted for age, height, weight, occupation, cigarette smoking, physical activity, and alcohol consumption using the revised Haseman-Elston regression-based linkage model. Results: Our results revealed significant QTLs on chromosome 7p21.2 for femoral neck BMD (LOD = 3.68) and on chromosome 2q24.3 for total hip BMD (LOD = 3.65). Suggestive linkage regions were found to overlap among different skeletal sites on chromosomes 2q, 7p, and 16q. Sex-specific linkage analysis further revealed a significant QTL for lumbar spine BMD on chromosome 13q21.1 (LOD = 3.62) in women only. When performing multivariate linkage analysis by combining BMDs at four skeletal sites (i.e., whole body, total hip, femoral neck, and lumbar spine BMD), an additional significant QTL was found at chromosome 5q21.2 (LOD = 4.56). None of these significant QTLs found in our study overlapped with major QTLs reported by other studies. Conclusions: This study reveals four novel QTLs in a Chinese population and suggests that BMD at different skeletal sites may also share common genetic determinants. [source] Association of common genetic variation in the insulin/IGF1 signaling pathway with human longevityAGING CELL, Issue 4 2009Ludmila Pawlikowska Summary The insulin/IGF1 signaling pathways affect lifespan in several model organisms, including worms, flies and mice. To investigate whether common genetic variation in this pathway influences lifespan in humans, we genotyped 291 common variants in 30 genes encoding proteins in the insulin/IGF1 signaling pathway in a cohort of elderly Caucasian women selected from the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures (SOF). The cohort included 293 long-lived cases (lifespan , 92 years (y), mean ± standard deviation (SD) = 95.3 ± 2.2y) and 603 average-lifespan controls (lifespan , 79y, mean = 75.7 ± 2.6y). Variants were selected for genotyping using a haplotype-tagging approach. We found a modest excess of variants nominally associated with longevity. Nominally significant variants were then replicated in two additional Caucasian cohorts including both males and females: the Cardiovascular Health Study and Ashkenazi Jewish Centenarians. An intronic single nucleotide polymorphism in AKT1, rs3803304, was significantly associated with lifespan in a meta-analysis across the three cohorts (OR = 0.78 95%CI = 0.68,0.89, adjusted P = 0.043); two intronic single nucleotide polymorphisms in FOXO3A demonstrated a significant lifespan association among women only (rs1935949, OR = 1.35, 95%CI = 1.15,1.57, adjusted P = 0.0093). These results demonstrate that common variants in several genes in the insulin/IGF1 pathway are associated with human lifespan. [source] Cause-specific mortality and death certificate reporting in adults with moderate to profound intellectual disabilityJOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH, Issue 11 2009F. Tyrer Abstract Background The study of premature deaths in people with intellectual disability (ID) has become the focus of recent policy initiatives in England. This is the first UK population-based study to explore cause-specific mortality in adults with ID compared with the general population. Methods Cause-specific standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) and exact 95% confidence intervals were calculated by age and sex for adults with moderate to profound ID living in the unitary authorities of Leicester, Leicestershire and Rutland, UK, between 1993 and 2006. Causes of death were also studied to determine how often ID and associated conditions, such as Down syndrome, were mentioned. Results A total of 503 (17% of population) adults with ID died during the 14-year study period (30 144 person-years). Relatively high cause-specific mortality was seen for deaths caused by congenital abnormalities (SMR = 8560), diseases of the nervous system and sense organs (SMR = 1630), mental disorders (other than dementia) (SMR = 1141) and bronchopneumonia (SMR = 647). Excess deaths were also seen for diseases of the genitourinary system or digestive system, cerebrovascular disease, other respiratory infections, dementia (in men only), other circulatory system diseases (in women only) and accidental deaths (in women only). Two-fifths (n = 204; 41%) of deaths recorded in adults with ID mentioned ID or an associated condition as a contributing cause of death. Conclusions Strategies to reduce inequalities in people with ID need to focus on decreasing mortality from potentially preventable causes, such as respiratory infections, circulatory system diseases and accidental deaths. The lack of mention of ID on death certificates highlights the importance of effective record linkage and ID reporting in health and social care settings to facilitate the government's confidential inquiry into causes of death in this population. [source] Plasma hemostatic factors and endothelial markers in four racial/ethnic groups: the MESA studyJOURNAL OF THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS, Issue 12 2006P. L. LUTSEY Summary.,Background:,Hemostatic factors and endothelial markers may play some role in racial/ethnic differences in cardiovascular disease (CVD) rates. However, little information exists on hemostatic factors and endothelial markers across racial/ethnic groups. Objectives:,To describe, in four American racial/ethnic groups (Caucasian, Black, Hispanic, and Chinese), mean levels of selected hemostatic factors and endothelial markers. Patients and methods:,Multi-ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis baseline data were used (participant age: 45,84 years). Sex-specific analysis of covariance models, and t -tests for pairwise comparisons, were used to compare means of factors and markers. Adjustments were made for demographics and traditional CVD risk factors. Differences were significant at P < 0.05. Results:,Blacks had the highest levels of factor VIII, D-Dimer, plasmin,antiplasmin (PAP), and von Willebrand factor, among the highest levels of fibrinogen and E-selectin (women only), but among the lowest levels of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), and, in men, the lowest levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). Whites and Hispanics tended to have intermediate levels of factors and markers, although they had the highest levels of ICAM-1, and Hispanics had the highest mean levels of fibrinogen and E-selectin (women only). Chinese participants had among the highest levels of PAI-1, but the lowest, or among the lowest, of all other factors and markers. No soluble thrombomodulin differences were observed. Conclusions:,In this large cohort, hemostatic factor and endothelial marker mean levels varied by race/ethnicity, even after adjustment for traditional CVD risk factors. [source] Bayesian longitudinal plateau model of adult grip strengthAMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY, Issue 5 2010Ramzi W. Nahhas Objectives: This article illustrates the use of applied Bayesian statistical methods in modeling the trajectory of adult grip strength and in evaluating potential risk factors that may influence that trajectory. Methods: The data consist of from 1 to 11 repeated grip strength measurements from each of 498 men and 533 women age 18,96 years in the Fels Longitudinal Study (Roche AF. 1992. Growth, maturation and body composition: the Fels longitudinal study 1929,1991. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press). In this analysis, the Bayesian framework was particularly useful for fitting a nonlinear mixed effects plateau model with two unknown change points and for the joint modeling of a time-varying covariate. Multiple imputation (MI) was used to handle missing values with posterior inferences appropriately adjusted to account for between-imputation variability. Results: On average, men and women attain peak grip strength at the same age (36 years), women begin to decline in grip strength sooner (age 50 years for women and 56 years for men), and men lose grip strength at a faster rate relative to their peak; there is an increasing secular trend in peak grip strength that is not attributable to concurrent secular trends in body size, and the grip strength trajectory varies with birth weight (men only), smoking (men only), alcohol consumption (men and women), and sports activity (women only). Conclusions: Longitudinal data analysis requires handling not only serial correlation but often also time-varying covariates, missing data, and unknown change points. Bayesian methods, combined with MI, are useful in handling these issues. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 22:648,656, 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Are immigrants, ethnic and linguistic minorities over-represented in jobs with a high level of compensated risk?AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE, Issue 9 2010Canada study using census, Results from a montréal, workers' compensation data Abstract Objectives Few Canadian data sources allow the examination of disparities by ethnicity, language, or immigrant status in occupational exposures or health outcomes. However, it is possible to document the mechanisms that can create disparities, such as the over-representation of population groups in high-risk jobs. We evaluated, in the Montréal context, the relationship between the social composition of jobs and their associated risk level. Methods We used data from the 2001 Statistics Canada census and from Québec's workers' compensation board for 2000,2002 to characterize job categories defined as major industrial groups crossed with three professional categories (manual, mixed, non-manual). Immigrant, visible, and linguistic minority status variables were used to describe job composition. The frequency rate of compensated health problems and the average duration of compensation determined job risk level. The relationship between the social composition and risk level of jobs was evaluated with Kendall correlations. Results The proportion of immigrants and minorities was positively and significantly linked to the risk level across job categories. Many relationships were significant for women only. In analyses done within manual jobs, relationships with the frequency rate reversed and were significant, except for the relationship with the proportion of individuals with knowledge of French only, which remained positive. Conclusions Immigrants, visible, and linguistic minorities in Montréal are more likely to work where there is an increased level of compensated risk. Reversed relationships within manual jobs may be explained by under-reporting and under-compensation in vulnerable populations compared to those with knowledge of the province's majority language. Am. J. Ind. Med. 53:875,885, 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Candidate Molecular Pathway Genes Related to Appetite Regulatory Neural Network, Adipocyte Homeostasis and Obesity: Results from the CARDIA StudyANNALS OF HUMAN GENETICS, Issue 5 2010Yechiel Friedlander Summary Appetite regulatory neural network and adipocyte homeostasis molecular pathways are critical to long-term weight maintenance. Associations between obesity-related phenotypes and four genes in these pathways , leptin (LEP), leptin receptor (LEPR), neuropeptide Y2 receptor (NPY2R) and peptide YY (PYY) were examined in CARDIA Study participants (aged 18,30 at recruitment in 1985,6). Weight, BMI and waist circumference were measured at baseline and at years 2, 5, 7, 10, 15, and 20. Genotyping was conducted using tag SNPs characterising common genetic variations in these genes. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) models estimated associations between SNPs and repeated anthropometric measurements, controlling for sex and age. False discovery rate was used to adjust for multiple testing. In African-Americans, SNPs across the LEP gene demonstrated significant overall associations with all obesity-related phenotypes. The associations between LEP rs17151919 with weight tended to strengthen with time , the difference in weight associated with each additional minor allele increased from 2.6 kg at baseline to 4.8 kg at year 20 (SNP*time interaction p = 0.0193). NPY2R gene SNPs were associated with waist circumference among African-American men (p = 0.0462). In Caucasians, LEP SNPs also tended to be associated with weight (p = 0.0471), and PYY rs11684664 was associated with obesity-related phenotypes in women only (p = 0.010,0.026). Several LEP, and NPY2R and PYY SNPs were associated with obesity-related phenotypes in young adults, particularly among African-Americans. [source] Physical activity trends in Queensland (2002 to 2008): are women becoming more active than men?AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH, Issue 3 2010Corneel Vandelanotte Abstract Objective: Regular monitoring of population levels of physical activity is an effective way to assess change over time towards meeting public health recommendations. The objective of this study was to determine physical activity trends in Central Queensland over the period 2002 to 2008. Methods: Data was obtained from the Central Queensland Social Survey (CQSS) conducted annually from 2002 to 2008. A total sample of 8,936 adults aged 18 and over participated in seven cross-sectional surveys. Physical activity was measured using the Active Australia Questionnaire. Binary logistic regression was used to examine trends in sufficient physical activity. Results: Averaged over all survey years 46.5% of study participants met national physical activity guidelines. A small significant upward trend was found for meeting physical activity recommendations across all years (OR=1.03; 95%CI=1.01,1.05), indicating that the odds of meeting the guidelines increased by an average of 3% per year from 2002 to 2008. Slightly more men than women met the activity guidelines (ns); however a significant positive trend in achieving sufficient activity levels was present in women only (4%). Conclusions and Implications: Although an increasing trend for sufficient physical activity was observed, overall physical activity levels in Central Queensland remain suboptimal and more efforts to increase physical activity are needed. The gender differences in physical activity trends indicate that men and women might need to be targeted differently in health promotion messages. The continuous monitoring of population levels of physical activity in Australia, which allow both state specific and international comparisons, is needed. [source] The urban and rural divide for women giving birth in NSW, 1990,1997AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH, Issue 3 2000Christine L. Roberts ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To examine trends in the pregnancy profile and outcomes of urban and rural women. METHODS: Data were obtained from the NSW Midwives Data Collection on births in NSW, 1990,1997. Associations between place of residence (urban/rural) and maternal factors and pregnancy outcomes were examined, including changes over time. RESULTS: From 1990 to 1997 there were 685,631 confinements in NSW and these mothers resided as follows: 76% metropolitan, 5% large rural centres, 8% small rural centres, 11% other rural areas and 1% remote areas. Rural mothers were more likely to be teenagers, multiparous, without a married or de facto partner, public patients and smokers. Births in rural areas declined, particularly among women aged 20,34 years. Infants born to mothers in remote communities were at increased odds of stillbirth and tow Apgar scores (all women) and small,for,gestational,age (SGA) (Indigenous women only). CONCLUSIONS: The profile of pregnant women in rural NSW is different from their urban counterparts and is consistent with relative socioeconomic disadvantage and possibly suboptimal maternity services in some areas. While increased risk of SGA is associated with environmental factors such as smoking and nutrition, the reasons for increased risk of stillbirth are unclear. Although there does not appear to be an increased risk of preterm birth for rural women this may be masked by transfer of high,risk pregnancies interstate. IMPLICATIONS: Maternity services need to be available and accessible to all rural women with targeting of interventions known to reduce low birthweight and perinatal death. [source] Different profiles of circulating angiogenic factors and adipocytokines between early- and late-onset pre-eclampsiaBJOG : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS & GYNAECOLOGY, Issue 3 2010H Masuyama Please cite this paper as: Masuyama H, Segawa T, Sumida Y, Masumoto A, Inoue S, Akahori Y, Hiramatsu Y. Different profiles of circulating angiogenic factors and adipocytokines between early- and late-onset pre-eclampsia. BJOG 2010;117:314,320. Objective, Circulating angiogenic factors have been shown to be important in the pathophysiology of pre-eclampsia. Blood levels of adipocytokines differ in pre-eclampsia relative to controls and may also play an important role in disease pathogenesis. Differences in the circulating levels of these molecules were compared between matched normotensive controls and women with pre-eclampsia with onset before or at/after 32 weeks, and according to whether the women were of normal weight (18.5 < body mass index < 25) or overweight. Design, A cross-sectional study of 110 pregnant Japanese women who visited the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan. Setting, Tertiary referral centre serving 2000 births. Methods, Serum concentrations of soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt-1), placental growth factor (PlGF), soluble endoglin (sEng), adiponectin and leptin were measured in women with pre-eclampsia and in normotensive controls matched for age, gestational week, parity and body mass index. Main outcome measures, Serum levels of sFlt-1, PlGF, the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio, sEng, adiponectin and leptin. Results, The sFlt-1/PlGF ratio in early-onset pre-eclampsia was significantly higher than that in late-onset pre-eclampsia (112.0 ± 30.2 versus 45.4 ± 43.8, P = 0.037). There was a significant elevation of leptin in both subtypes relative to controls (early: 58.6 ± 18.3 ng/ml versus 26.0 ± 6.7 ng/ml, P = 0.001; late: 39.5 ± 9.2 ng/ml versus 22.0 ± 4.3 ng/ml, P = 0.005), but adiponectin was increased only in late-onset pre-eclampsia (36.5 ± 13.4 ,g/ml versus 12.0 ± 4.3 ,g/ml, P = 0.003). Significant differences in angiogenic factors and adiponectin were found between normal and overweight women only in late-onset pre-eclampsia. Conclusions, These data suggest that there are different profiles of angiogenic factors and adipocytokines between women who develop early- and late-onset pre-eclampsia. [source] | |||||||||||||