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Benign Prostatic Tissue (benign + prostatic_tissue)
Selected AbstractsAlpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase: a multi-institutional study of a new prostate cancer markerHISTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 3 2004Z Jiang Aim :,To test whether ,-methylacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR) is a sensitive and specific marker of prostate cancer. Methods and results :,The expression levels of AMACR mRNA were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction. A total of 807 prostatic specimens were further examined by immunohistochemistry specific for AMACR. Quantitative immunostaining analyses were carried out by using the ChromaVision Automated Cellular Imaging System and the Ariol SL-50 Imaging System, respectively. AMACR mRNA levels measured in prostatic adenocarcinoma were 55 times higher than those in benign prostate tissue. Of 454 cases of prostatic adenocarcinoma, 441 were positive for AMACR, while 254 of 277 cases of benign prostate were negative for AMACR. The sensitivity and specificity of AMACR immunodetection of prostatic adenocarcinomas were 97% and 92%, respectively. Both positive and negative predictive values were 95%. By automatic imaging analyses, the AMACR immunostaining intensity and percentage in prostatic adenocarcinomas were also significantly higher than those in benign prostatic tissue (105.9 versus 16.1 for intensity, 45.7% versus 0.02% and 35.03% versus 4.64% for percentage, respectively). Conclusions :,We have demonstrated the promising features of AMACR as a biomarker for prostate cancer in this large series and the potential to develop automated quantitative diagnostic tests. [source] Androgen receptor as a potential sign of prostate cancer metastasisTHE PROSTATE, Issue 15 2009Marie-Hélène Lévesque Abstract BACKGROUND Androgen receptor (AR) expression and its modulation through the carcinogenesis process have been investigated in several studies with conflicting results. MATERIALS AND METHODS In situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry were used to examine AR expression in prostatic needle core biopsies of benign, high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) and prostatic adenocarcinoma. RESULTS A significant increase in AR mRNA levels was found in the cancerous prostatic cells when compared with the benign tissue biopsies. AR abundance in HGPIN was found to be almost half-way between that observed in benign and in cancerous tissue. In the benign prostatic epithelium, the immunocytochemistry data show that AR is exclusively expressed in the nuclei of epithelial cells. However, in 72% of examined cancer biopsies, AR was expressed in both the cytoplasm and nuclei. After examination of medical records of 100 patients diagnosed with prostate cancer, it was found that the AR was expressed in both cellular compartments of cancer cells in 81% of cases when cancer was found to have metastasized outside the prostate. In contrast, when the cancer was organ-confined, AR was localized in both the nuclei and cytoplasm in only 66% of cases. Moreover, when the AR was expressed in the cytoplasm of cancerous cells, consecutive serial sections immunostained with the mitochondrial marker suggest that AR is localized in the mitochondria. CONCLUSIONS AR mRNA expression is significantly higher in prostate cancer when compared to benign prostatic tissue. Prostate 69: 1704,1711, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 in human prostate carcinoma and prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia-association with increased expression of polo-like kinase-1THE PROSTATE, Issue 4 2007Carsten Denkert Abstract BACKGROUND Cyclooxygenases (COX) as well as Polo-like kinases (PLK) are involved in proliferation and cell cycle regulation and have been suggested for preventive and therapeutic approaches in prostate carcinoma. METHODS In this study, we studied expression and prognostic impact of COX-2 in invasive prostate carcinoma, prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), atrophic glands, and normal prostatic glands, and investigated the association between COX-2 and PLK-1. RESULTS We observed a positivity for COX-2 in 72.1% of PIN and in 44.7% of prostate carcinomas with an overexpression of COX-2 in prostate cancer and PIN compared to benign prostatic tissue (P,<,0.0005). Furthermore, we observed a strong correlation between expression of PLK-1 and COX-2 (P,<,0.0005). CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first report of a correlation between COX-2 and PLK-1 in a malignant tumor. COX-2 and PLK-1 may be interesting targets for new molecular therapies in prostate cancer. Prostate 67: 361,369, 2007. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Immunohistochemical detection of cysteine-rich secretory protein 3 in tissue and in serum from men with cancer or benign enlargement of the prostate glandTHE PROSTATE, Issue 6 2006Anders Bjartell Abstract BACKGROUND Recently, the gene for cysteine-rich secretory protein 3 (CRISP-3) was reported to be highly upregulated in prostate cancer (PCa) compared to benign prostatic tissue. The current aims were to investigate diagnostic use of tissue expression and immunodetection in serum of CRISP-3 for detection or monitoring of PCa. METHODS Radical prostatectomy specimens and tissue microarrays from transurethral resections and metastases were analyzed for CRISP-3 and PSA by immunohistochemistry. CRISP-3 in tissue homogenates and in serum was measured by an in-house ELISA and PSA by a commercially available immunoassay. RESULTS Immunostaining for CRISP-3 in benign prostatic epithelium was generally weak or not detectable. Specific and strong immunostaining was found in a major proportion of cells in high-grade prostatic-intraepithelial-neoplasia (HG-PIN,12/17 patients), in most primary tumors (111/115), and in lymph node (11/15) and bone (12/15) metastases. CRISP-3 immunostaining intensity was regularly strong in areas of Gleason grades 4/5, where PSA-immunoreaction was less intense. Serum levels of CRISP-3 were not different in patients with PCa (n,=,152) compared to men with BPH (n,=,81). There was a very weak co-variation between levels of CRISP-3 versus PSA in serum from PCa patients (P,<,0.05). After orchiectomy, levels of CRISP-3 in serum decreased in median with 11% compared to a 97% median decrease of PSA in serum from 15/20 patients with advanced PCa. CONCLUSIONS Strong immunostaining for CRISP-3 is common in HG-PIN and preserved in most PCa specimens, which warrant further immunohistochemical studies of CRISP-3 in PCa. Serum levels of CRISP-3 do not primarily reflect PCa. Prostate 66:591,603, 2006. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Immunohistochemical expression of tumor antigens MAGE-A1, MAGE-A3/4, and NY-ESO-1 in cancerous and benign prostatic tissueTHE PROSTATE, Issue 1 2006Tvrtko Hudolin Abstract OBJECTIVE To investigate immunohistochemical expression of MAGE-A and NY-ESO-1/LAGE-1, cancer testis antigens in prostate tissues showing evidence of malignant transformation or benign hyperplasia. METHODS 112 prostate samples from patients undergoing surgery at the Urology Clinic at the Zagreb Clinical Hospital Center from 1995 to 2003 were investigated in this study. Of these, 92 carcinoma samples were obtained by radical prostatectomy, and 20 benign prostatic hyperplasia samples by transvesical prostatectomy. Three monoclonal antibodies were used for immunohistochemical staining: 77B for MAGE-A1, 57B for multi-MAGE-A and D8.38 for NY-ESO-1 expression. RESULTS Expression of MAGE-A1 was observed in 10.8% of carcinoma samples, whereas multi-MAGE-A and NY-ESO-1/LAGE-1 stained 85.9% and 84.8% of samples. Immunohistochemical staining was only detectable in the cytoplasm. A significant heterogeneity could be observed within a same tissue sample where areas with strong positivities coexisted with cancer testis antigens negative areas. Interestingly, a majority of 57B positive cases were also found to be D8.38 positive (correlation coefficient r,=,0.727 (P,<,0.01)). Cancer testis antigens expression was neither significantly correlated with PSA values nor with Gleason score. In benign prostatic hyperplasia tissues MAGE-A1 expression was detected in 5%, while 57B and D8.38 staining was observed in 15% samples, and in all cases percentages of positive cells were always <10%. CONCLUSION Our data underline the peculiar relevance of cancer testis antigens expression in prostate cancers, with potential implications regarding both diagnosis and therapy. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Formalin fixation and immunoreactivity in prostate cancer and benign prostatic tissuesAPMIS, Issue 5 2010SARA JONMARKER JARAJ Jaraj SJ, Egevad L. Formalin fixation and immunoreactivity in prostate cancer and benign prostatic tissue. APMIS 2010; 118: 383,8. For better fixation, formalin injection of radical prostatectomy (RP) specimens has been suggested. We aimed to assess its effect on immunoreactivity using immunohistochemistry (IHC). A tissue microarray of cancer and benign tissues from 42 RP specimens was constructed. Twenty-one of the prostates had been injected with formalin prior to formalin immersion. IHC staining was performed using 15 antibodies, including nuclear and cytoplasmic markers known to be positive in prostate tissue: pan cytokeratin, P504S, high molecular weight (HMW) keratin, PSA, vimentin, actin HHF35, thioredoxin-1, peroxiredoxin-2, PDX-1, BAX, p27, androgen receptor (AR) and heat shock proteins (HSP) 27, 60 and 70. Differences in staining intensity in cancer and benign tissues were compared separately except for HMW keratin. Only 7 of 29 analyses showed significant differences between groups, including 5 of 15 antibodies. The expression of AR and HSP 27 was stronger in formalin-injected tissue, while the opposite was true for HSP 60, HSP 70 and peroxiredoxin-2. For most antibodies, formalin injection does not significantly affect immunoreactivity in prostate tissue. The staining variability caused by inter- and intratumoral heterogeneity may be greater than that caused by the fixation method. [source] The incidence of high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and atypical glands suspicious for carcinoma on first-time saturation needle biopsy, and the subsequent risk of cancerBJU INTERNATIONAL, Issue 4 2007Lynn Schoenfield OBJECTIVE To investigate the detection rate and extent of high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) and atypical glands (AG) suspicious for prostate cancer, and the cancer risk in subsequent biopsies, diagnosed by a first 24-core saturation biopsy, as although the optimum extent of biopsy is controversial there is a trend to increase the number of cores taken, and apart from detecting prostate cancer, identifying HGPIN and AG is associated with a greater risk of finding cancer in subsequent biopsies, thus warranting a closer follow-up. PATIENTS AND METHODS The study included 100 men with consecutive first-time saturation biopsies; the indications for biopsy were an abnormal digital rectal examination and/or a serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level of >2.5 ng/mL. Each biopsy specimen was reviewed retrospectively by two pathologists to confirm the histological diagnosis. The number and percentage of cores positive for HGPIN, bilateral involvement and multifocality (HGPIN involving two or more cores) were recorded in each case. The presence of AG and cancer was also recorded. An extended (10,12 cores) repeat biopsy was available in 23 patients. RESULTS The median (range) age and PSA level of the patients was 63 (41,80) years and 4.9 (1.5,67.0) ng/mL, respectively. Of the 100 patients, 34% had normal findings (benign prostatic tissue, BPT), 39% had cancer, 26% had HGPIN and cancer, 22% had HGPIN alone, and 5% had AG. Repeat biopsies were available in nine of the 22 (41%) patients with HGPIN, four of five with AG, and 10 of the 34 (29%) with BPT. The median (range) interval between the first and second biopsy was 13 (4,36) months. Prostate cancer was detected at the second biopsy in a third of patients with isolated HGPIN on the first biopsy, and one of the four with AG. None of the patients with BPT had cancer on re-biopsy. The cancer detection rate was significantly greater in patients with multifocal than in those with unifocal HGPIN (80% vs none, P = 0.010). The median number of cores and percentage of tissue involved by HGPIN was 3.5 (2,5) and 1.0 (0.5,1.2)%, respectively, in patients with cancer detected in repeat biopsies, compared to 1.0 (1,3) and 0.2 (0.2,0.6)% in patients without cancer on repeat biopsy (P = 0.023 and 0.015, respectively). CONCLUSION Identifying multifocal HGPIN on first saturation biopsy is associated with an overall cancer detection rate of 80% on repeat 10,12-core biopsy. Although there were few patients, the detection of multifocal HGPIN warrants additional searches for concurrent invasive carcinoma by repeated biopsy. [source] Distribution of Foxp3-, CD4- and CD8-positive lymphocytic cells in benign and malignant prostate tissueAPMIS, Issue 5 2010ALEXANDER VALDMAN Valdman A, Jaraj SJ, Compérat E, Charlotte F, Roupret M, Pisa P, Egevad L. Distribution of Foxp3-, CD4- and CD8-positive lymphocytic cells in benign and malignant prostate tissue. APMIS 2010; 118: 360,5. Foxp3 is a transcription factor that inhibits antitumor immune response and is expressed in regulatory T cells (Tregs). High levels of Tregs have been reported in several human cancers. This study investigates the distribution of cells positive for Foxp3, CD4 and CD8 in benign prostatic tissues and prostatic carcinoma. Tissue microarrays were constructed from radical prostatectomy specimens of 36 patients. From each patient, six cores were taken: two cores from cancer, one from benign tissue of each of the peripheral (PZ), transition (TZ) and central zones (CZ) and one from atrophy. Foxp3-, CD4- and CD8-positive cells were more common in cancer than in non-atrophic benign tissue (p < 0.01) and more common in atrophy than in non-atrophic PZ, but did not differ significantly between cancer and atrophy. Cells positive for Foxp3 and CD4 were less prevalent in CZ than in PZ and TZ. Tregs infiltrate more in prostate cancer (PC) than in benign tissue. Their presence in atrophy may have relevance for the hypothesis on atrophy as a potential precursor lesion of PC. CZ has the lowest Treg levels, and a possible role for the low rate of cancer in this zone remains to be investigated. [source] Formalin fixation and immunoreactivity in prostate cancer and benign prostatic tissuesAPMIS, Issue 5 2010SARA JONMARKER JARAJ Jaraj SJ, Egevad L. Formalin fixation and immunoreactivity in prostate cancer and benign prostatic tissue. APMIS 2010; 118: 383,8. For better fixation, formalin injection of radical prostatectomy (RP) specimens has been suggested. We aimed to assess its effect on immunoreactivity using immunohistochemistry (IHC). A tissue microarray of cancer and benign tissues from 42 RP specimens was constructed. Twenty-one of the prostates had been injected with formalin prior to formalin immersion. IHC staining was performed using 15 antibodies, including nuclear and cytoplasmic markers known to be positive in prostate tissue: pan cytokeratin, P504S, high molecular weight (HMW) keratin, PSA, vimentin, actin HHF35, thioredoxin-1, peroxiredoxin-2, PDX-1, BAX, p27, androgen receptor (AR) and heat shock proteins (HSP) 27, 60 and 70. Differences in staining intensity in cancer and benign tissues were compared separately except for HMW keratin. Only 7 of 29 analyses showed significant differences between groups, including 5 of 15 antibodies. The expression of AR and HSP 27 was stronger in formalin-injected tissue, while the opposite was true for HSP 60, HSP 70 and peroxiredoxin-2. For most antibodies, formalin injection does not significantly affect immunoreactivity in prostate tissue. The staining variability caused by inter- and intratumoral heterogeneity may be greater than that caused by the fixation method. [source] | ||||||||||