Home About us Contact
|
Home About us Contact | ||
|
|
||
Wider Implementation (wider + implementation)
Selected AbstractsCessation in the use of tobacco , pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic routines in patientsTHE CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL, Issue 1 2008Petter Quist-Paulsen Abstract Introduction:, Approximately one-third of the adult population in industrial countries and 70% in several Asian countries are daily smokers. Tobacco is now regarded as the world's leading cause of death. Approximately two-thirds of lifelong smokers eventually die because of smoking. Smoking cessation is the most effective action to reduce mortality in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and coronary heart disease. Objective:, The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of smoking cessation programmes in patients with smoking-related disorders. Methods:, Medline was searched for studies of interventions for smoking cessation in patients. Results:, In patients with cardiovascular diseases and COPD, smoking cessation programmes with behavioural support over several months significantly increase quit rates. The intensity of the programmes seems to be proportional to the effect. A long follow-up period is probably the most important element in the programmes. Even the most intensive programmes are very cost-effective in terms of cost per life-year gained. Effective programmes can be delivered by personnel without special education in smoking cessation using simple intervention principles. Conclusions:, In patients with smoking-related disorders, smoking cessation interventions with several months of follow-up are effective and easily applicable in clinical practice. Wider implementation of such programmes would be a cost-effective way of saving lives. Please cite this paper as: Quist-Paulsen P. Cessation in the use of tobacco , pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic routines in patients. The Clinical Respiratory Journal 2008; 2: 4,10. [source] Brief alcohol intervention,where to from here?ADDICTION, Issue 6 2010Challenges remain for research, practice ABSTRACT Brief intervention (BI) is intended as an early intervention for non-treatment-seeking, non-alcohol-dependent, hazardous and harmful drinkers. This text provides a brief summary of key BI research findings from the last three decades and discusses a number of knowledge gaps that need to be addressed. Five areas are described: patient intervention efficacy and effectiveness; barriers to BI implementation by health professionals; individual-level factors that impact on BI implementation; organization-level factors that impact on BI implementation; and society-level factors that impact on BI implementation. BI research has focused largely upon the individual patient and health professional levels, with the main focus upon primary health care research, and studies are lacking in other settings. However, research must, to a larger degree, take into account the organizational and wider context in which BI occurs, as well as interaction between factors at different levels, in order to advance the understanding of how wider implementation of BI can be achieved in various settings and how different population groups can be reached. It is also important to expand BI research beyond its current parameters to investigate more ambitious long-term educational programmes and new organizational models. More widespread implementation of BI will require many different interventions (efforts, actions, initiatives, etc.) at different interlinked levels, from implementation interventions targeting individual health professionals' knowledge, skills, attitudes and behaviours concerning alcohol issues, BI and behaviour change counselling to efforts at the organizational and societal levels that influence the conditions for delivering BI as part of routine health care. [source] The experiences of staff concerning the introduction and impact of a fall prevention intervention in aged care facilities: a qualitative studyAUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL ON AGEING, Issue 4 2003Meg Butler Objective: Falls in aged care facilities are a major public health concern. A pilot study tested the acceptability of a falls risk management intervention. Method: Focus group discussions with care giving staff and falls coordinators and individual interviews with principal nurse managers were taped and transcribed and thematic analysis identified main issues for staff in utilising the intervention. Results: Acceptance of the intervention was high for principal nurse managers and falls coordinators, although the paper work was found to be time consuming. While most caregivers found undertaking fall prevention strategies worthwhile, others found such strategies were irrelevant to them as they "knew" their residents. Conclusions: Among all levels of staff, falls among residents were regarded as stressful events. While the general acceptunce of the intervention programme was high, resistance to changing practices of care by some staff could limit the wider implementation of such a programme. Further research is needed to examine appropriate delivery of educational messages for caregivers, which include multiple cultural understandings. [source] Nomenclature and Definitions for Emergency Department Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Testing: Report from the 2007 Conference of the National Emergency Department HIV Testing ConsortiumACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE, Issue 2 2009Michael S. Lyons MD Abstract Early diagnosis of persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) through diagnostic testing and screening is a critical priority for individual and public health. Emergency departments (EDs) have an important role in this effort. As EDs gain experience in HIV testing, it is increasingly apparent that implementing testing is conceptually and operationally complex. A wide variety of HIV testing practice and research models have emerged, each reflecting adaptations to site-specific factors and the needs of local populations. The diversity and complexity inherent in nascent ED HIV testing practice and research are associated with the risk that findings will not be described according to a common lexicon. This article presents a comprehensive set of terms and definitions that can be used to describe ED-based HIV testing programs, developed by consensus opinion from the inaugural meeting of the National ED HIV Testing Consortium. These definitions are designed to facilitate discussion, increase comparability of future reports, and potentially accelerate wider implementation of ED HIV testing. [source] | ||||||||||