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Wide-angle X-ray Diffraction Measurements (wide-angle + x-ray_diffraction_measurement)
Selected AbstractsSynthesis and properties of homopolyamide and copolyamides fibers based on 2,6-bis(p -aminophenyl)benzo[1,2-d;5,4- d,]bisoxazoleJOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE, Issue 3 2008Xiangqun Chen Abstract A novel aromatic homopolyamide with benzobisoxazole units in the main chain was synthesized with 2,6-bis(p -aminophenyl)benzo[1,2- d;5,4- d,]bisoxazole and terephthaloyl chloride by low temperature solution polycondensation, the inherent viscosity of which was 1.98 dL/g. The diamine and p -phenylendiamine with terephthaloyl chloride were used to synthesize the copolyamides. The structures of homopolyamide and copolyamides were characterized by IR spectra, elemental analysis, and wide-angle X-ray diffraction. Wide-angle X-ray diffraction measurements showed that homopolyamide and copolyamides were predominantly crystallinity. The results of thermal analysis indicated that the thermal stabilities of the copolymer increased with an increase of the molar fraction of benzobisoxazole in the copolymers. The thermal stability of the copolyamides with decomposition temperatures (at 10% weight loss) above 570°C was better than that of poly(p -phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA). Fibers of homopolyamide and copolyterephthalamides were spun from lyotropic liquid crystal dope in 100% H2SO4. When compared with PPTA fibers prepared under the same conditions, the tensile strengths of copolyamides fibers improved by 20,33% with tensile strengths of 1.81 GPa, tensile moduli of 76 GPa, and elongations at break of 3.8,4.1%, which indicated that copolyamides fibers had outstanding mechanical properties. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008 [source] Supramolecular control of spin-crossover phenomena in lipophilic Fe(II)-1,2,4-triazole complexesJOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE (IN TWO SECTIONS), Issue 17 2006Keita Kuroiwa Abstract The spin-crossover properties of lipophilic, supramolecular Fe(II) complexes bridged by 4-(3-dodecyloxy)propyl-1,2,4-triazole [Fe(II)(1)3Cl2] were investigated in chloroform and cast films. A purple low-spin (LS) complex in a powdery form was transformed into pale yellow high-spin (HS) polymers by dissolution in chloroform. The formation of lipophilic molecular wires in chloroform was observed with transmission electron microscopy. The casting of chloroform solutions onto solid supports produced purple, transparent films (LS state). The cast films exhibited sluggish spin-crossover (LS , HS) behavior without thermal hysteresis. On the other hand, the cocasting of equimolar dodecanol or tetradecanol with Fe(II)(1)3Cl2 produced composite films in which alcohol molecules were bound to the complex by ionic hydrogen bonding (ROH···Cl,) and van der Waals interactions. At room temperature, the cast films exhibited regular lamellar structures before and after alcohol doping; this was confirmed by wide-angle X-ray diffraction measurements. Interestingly, the Fe(II)(1)3Cl2/CnOH (n = 12 or 14) ternary films showed a reversible abrupt spin crossover accompanied by thermal hysteresis. The observed bistability was related to dynamic structural transformations between lamellar and hexagonal structures. This study provides a novel supramolecular approach to designing spin-crossover polymer films with controlled thermal bistability. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 5192,5202, 2006 [source] Probing the Building Blocks of Eumelanins Using Scanning Electron MicroscopyPIGMENT CELL & MELANOMA RESEARCH, Issue 3 2000J. BRIAN NOFSINGER Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is used to examine the structure of natural and synthetic melanins. Eumelanin from Sepia officinalis and synthetic eumelanin are found to be structurally dissimilar. The natural sample has a significant structural order with subunits that have a lateral dimension of ,15 nm. The synthetic samples, on the other hand, appear to be amorphous solids. These results lend support for the existence of fundamental structural units proposed from the analyses of wide-angle X-ray diffraction measurements and previous mass-spectrometry results. These findings also provide insight into the disparate photophysical behavior of Sepia and synthetic eumelanin. [source] Effect of vibration extrusion on the structure and properties of high-density polyethylene pipesPOLYMER INTERNATIONAL, Issue 2 2009Chen Kaiyuan Abstract BACKGROUND: The axial strength of a plastic pipe is much higher than its circumferential strength due to the macromolecular orientation during extrusion. In this work, a custom-made electromagnetic dynamic plasticating extruder was adopted to extrude high-density polyethylene (HDPE) pipes. A vibration force field was introduced into the whole plasticating and extrusion process by axial vibration of the screw. The aim of superimposing a vibration force field was to change the crystalline structure of HDPE and improve the molecular orientation in the circumferential direction to obtain high-circumferential-strength pipes. RESULTS: Through vibration extrusion, the circumferential strength of HDPE pipes increased significantly, and biaxial self-reinforcement pipes could be obtained. The maximum increase of bursting pressure and tensile yield strength was 34.2 and 5.3%, respectively. According to differential scanning calorimetry and wide-angle X-ray diffraction measurements, the HDPE pipes prepared by vibration extrusion had higher crystallinity, higher melting temperature, larger crystal sizes and more perfect crystals. CONCLUSION: Vibration extrusion can effectively enhance the mechanical properties of HDPE pipes, especially the circumferential strength. The improvement of mechanical properties of HDPE pipes obtained by vibration extrusion can be attributed to the higher degree of crystallinity and the improvement of the molecular orientation and of the crystalline morphology. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry [source] | ||||||||||