Home About us Contact
|
Home About us Contact | ||
|
|
||
With Estradiol (with + estradiol)
Kinds of With Estradiol Selected AbstractsRole for primary cilia in the regulation of mouse ovarian functionDEVELOPMENTAL DYNAMICS, Issue 8 2008Ellen T. Johnson Abstract Ift88 is a component of the intraflagellar transport complex required for formation and maintenance of cilia. Disruption of Ift88 results in depletion of cilia. The goal of the current study was to determine the role of primary cilia in ovarian function. Deletion of Ift88 in ovary using Cre-Lox recombination in mice resulted in a severe delay in mammary gland development including lack of terminal end bud structures, alterations in the estrous cycle, and impaired ovulation. Because estrogen drives the formation of end buds and Cre was expressed in the granulosa cells of the ovary, we tested the hypothesis that addition of estradiol to the mutant mice would compensate for defects in ovarian function and rescue the mammary gland phenotype. Mammary gland development including the formation of end bud structures resumed in mutant mice that were injected with estradiol. Together the results suggest that cilia are required for ovarian function. Developmental Dynamics 237:2053,2060, 2008. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Aromatase expression and cell proliferation following injury of the adult zebra finch hippocampusDEVELOPMENTAL NEUROBIOLOGY, Issue 14 2007R. Scott Peterson Abstract Estrogens can be neuroprotective following traumatic brain injury. Immediately after trauma to the zebra finch hippocampus, the estrogen-synthetic enzyme aromatase is rapidly upregulated in astrocytes and radial glia around the lesion site. Brain injury also induces high levels of cell proliferation. Estrogens promote neuronal differentiation, migration, and survival naturally in the avian brain. We suspect that glia are a source of estrogens promoting cell proliferation after neural injury. To explore this hypothesis, we examined the spatial and temporal relationship between glial aromatase expression and cell proliferation after neural injury in adult female zebra finches. Birds were ovariectomized and given a blank implant or one filled with estradiol; some birds were also administered an aromatase inhibitor or vehicle. All birds received penetrating injuries to the right hippocampus. Twenty-four hours after lesioning, birds were injected once with BrdU to label mitotically active cells and euthanized 2 h, 24 h, or 7 days later. The brains were processed for double-label BrdU and aromatase immunocytochemistry. Injury-induced glial aromatase expression was unaffected by survival time and aromatase inhibition. BrdU labeling was significantly reduced at 24 h by ovariectomy and by aromatase inhibition; effects were partially reversed by E2 replacement. Irrespective of ovariectomy, the densities of aromatase immunoreactive astrocytes and BrdU-labeled cells at known distances from the lesion site were highly correlated. These data suggest that injury-induced glial aromatization may influence the reorganization of injured tissue by providing a rich estrogenic environment available to influence cellular incorporation. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2007. [source] Protection of estrogens against the progression of chronic liver diseaseHEPATOLOGY RESEARCH, Issue 4 2007Ichiro Shimizu Hepatitis C virus infections are recognized as a major causative factor of chronic liver disease. A characteristic feature of chronic hepatitis C, alcoholic liver disease and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is hepatic steatosis. Hepatic steatosis leads to an increase in lipid peroxidation in hepatocytes, which, in turn, activates hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). HSCs are also thought to be the primary target cells for inflammatory and oxidative stimuli, and to produce extracellular matrix components. Based on available clinical information, chronic hepatitis C appears to progress more rapidly in men than in women, and cirrhosis is predominately a disease of men and postmenopausal women. Estradiol is a potent endogenous antioxidant. Hepatic steatosis was reported to become evident in an aromatase-deficient mouse and was diminished in animals after treatment with estradiol. Our previous studies showed that estradiol suppressed hepatic fibrosis in animal models, and attenuated HSC activation by suppressing the generation of reactive oxygen species in primary cultures. Variant estrogen receptors were found to be expressed to a greater extent in male patients with chronic liver disease than in female subjects. A better understanding of the basic mechanisms underlying the gender-associated differences observed in the progression of chronic liver disease would provide valuable information relative to the search for effective antifibrogenic therapies. [source] Dietary patterns, the Alternate Healthy Eating Index and plasma sex hormone concentrations in postmenopausal womenINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER, Issue 4 2007Teresa T. Fung Abstract To evaluate the association between overall diet and sex hormones concentrations, we collected blood from 578 postmenopausal women ages 43 and 69 years in 1989 or 1990. Food intake was measured in 1990 via a food frequency questionnaire. We calculated the Alternate Healthy Eating Index (AHEI), and dietary patterns were identified by factor analysis. The cross-sectional association between diet and estrogens, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) were evaluated with linear regression and adjusted for energy and other potential confounders. We found a higher AHEI score was associated with lower concentrations of estradiol, free estradiol, and higher concentrations of SHBG. The prudent pattern, with higher intakes of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, was not associated with any sex hormones. The Western pattern, which represents higher intakes of red and processed meats, refined grains, sweets and desserts, was associated with a higher level of estradiol and lower concentrations of SHBG. Further adjustment for BMI attenuated these results except for free estradiol (5th vs. 1st quintile = 0.09 vs. 0.11 pg/mL, p for trend = 0.03). In addition, the AHEI was inversely associated with estradiol among those with BMI > 25, and Western pattern with SHBG among those with BMI < 25. In conclusion, we observed inverse associations between the AHEI score and several estrogens, and it was positively associated with plasma levels of SHBG. In contrast, the Western pattern was positively associated with estrogen levels and inversely with SHBG. However, these associations appeared to be largely accounted for by BMI. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Effect of prolonged hydroxytamoxifen treatment of MCF-7 cells on mitogen activated kinase cascadeINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER, Issue 5 2002Fanjaniriana Rabenoelina Abstract Resistance to the antiestrogen tamoxifen is the main stumbling block for the success of breast cancer therapy. We focused our study on cellular alterations induced by a prolonged treatment with the active tamoxifen metabolite hydroxytamoxifen (OHT). We show that a prolonged OHT treatment (for up to 7 days) led to a progressive increase in the level of phosphorylated p44/42 mitogen activated kinase (MAP kinase) induced by 10,7 M TPA stimulation, without any significant change in the protein level. This effect was also observed in MCF-7 cells grown first in medium containing dextran-coated charcoal-treated FCS (DCC medium) for 20 days prior to OHT treatment, indicating a specific effect of the antiestrogen and not an effect of estrogen deprivation. It was prevented by cotreatment with estradiol and not observed in the estrogen receptor negative HeLa cell line, suggesting that it was mediated by the estrogen receptor. TPA induced phosphorylation of MEK1/2 was also raised by OHT treatment, without any change in their protein level or Raf-1 and H-Ras levels. When the MCF-7R OHT resistant cell line was grown in antiestrogen containing medium, the level of phosphorylated p44/42 MAP kinase was also high but reversed when the antiestrogen was removed. The 2 other MAP kinase, JNK and P38 pathways were not affected in the same way by OHT treatment. In conclusion, our data reveal that a prolonged OHT treatment, by increasing p44/42 MAPK activity, affects a key step in the growth control of MCF-7 cells, although not sufficiently to overcome the growth inhibitory effect of the drug. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Inhibition of aggression by progesterone and its metabolites in female Syrian hamstersAGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR, Issue 5 2001Jess G. Kohlert Abstract The sequence of estradiol and progesterone is known to inhibit the expression of aggression in female hamsters. Despite the key importance of progesterone in the inhibition of aggression, little is known of the mechanisms through which progesterone may exert this effect. Three experiments were performed to assess the degree to which metabolites of progesterone can affect aggression in female Syrian hamsters. Systemic estradiol treatment followed by injections of either progesterone (300 ,g IP) or 4-pregnen-21-ol-3,20-dione (DOC, 300 ,g IP) reliably inhibited aggression. Systemic injection (75, 150, or 300 ,g IP) of either 5,-pregnan-3,,21-diol-20-one (THDOC) or 5,-pregnan-3,-ol-20-one (3,,5,-THP) did not affect aggression. Intracerebroventricular infusion of 3,,5,-THP following systemic estradiol treatment also did not affect aggression. In a third experiment, female hamsters were given systemic treatments with estradiol and progesterone that were subthreshold with respect to inhibition of aggression. In these females, intracerebroventricular infusion of THDOC inhibited aggression. These results indicate that metabolites of progesterone can inhibit aggression, most notably in synergy with progesterone itself. Aggr. Behav. 27:372,381, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Treatment with testosterone or estradiol in melatonin treated females and males MRL/MpJ-Faslpr mice induces negative effects in developing systemic lupus erythematosusJOURNAL OF PINEAL RESEARCH, Issue 2 2008Antonio J. Jimenez-Caliani Abstract:, MRL/MpJ-Faslpr mice is widely accepted as a valuable model of systemic lupus erythematosus. As described in a previous work, the incidence of lupus in this strain is determined by sex hormones, i.e., estrogens and androgens. Moreover, we reported that the immunomodulatory action of melatonin in these mice was gender-dependent probably through modulation and inhibition of sex hormones. Herein, we performed an experiment using hormone therapy, by treating female MRL-lpr mice with testosterone and males with estradiol and with melatonin. A decrease in total serum immunoglobulin (Ig)G and IgM immunoglobulin titers, anti-double-stranded DNA, and anti-CII autoantibodies in female mice treated with both melatonin and testosterone was revealed, along with an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines [interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, interferon-,, tumor necrosis factor-,, and IL-1,), nitrite/nitrate and a decrease in anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10). Melatonin and estradiol treatment exhibited a similar effect in male mice. Autoantibody titer elevation and pro-inflammatory versus anti-inflammatory cytokine prevalence degraded all immunological parameters. Similar results were obtained when spleen and lymph node lymphocytes were cultured. Again, melatonin and testosterone treatment stimulated pro-inflammatory and reduced anti-inflammatory cytokines produced by lymphocytes in females. The effect was similar in males treated with melatonin and estradiol. In summary, we observed that although melatonin alone prevents lupus development in females, adding testosterone, increased pro-inflammatory cytokine pattern. In contrary, estradiol-treated males did not show any decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines but showed an increase in regard to melatonin controls. These findings confirm that melatonin action in MRL/MpJ-Faslpr mice could be gender-dependent through modulation of sex hormones. [source] The Effect of Ovariectomy and Estrogen on Penetrating Brain Arterioles and Blood-Brain Barrier PermeabilityMICROCIRCULATION, Issue 8 2009Marilyn J. Cipolla ABSTRACT Objective: We investigated the effect of estrogen replacement on the structure and function of penetrating brain arterioles (PA) and blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. Materials and Methods: Female ovariectomized Sprague-Dawley rats were replaced with estradiol (E2) and estriol (E3) (OVX + E;N=13) and compared to ovariectomized animals without replacement (OVX; N=14) and intact controls (CTL, proestrous; N=13). Passive and active diameters, percent tone, and passive distensibility of pressurized PA were compared. In addition, BBB permeability to Lucifer Yellow, a marker of transcellular transport, was compared in cerebral arteries. Results: Ovariectomy increased myogenic tone in PA, compared to CTL, that was not ameliorated by estrogen treatment. Percent tone at 75 mmHg for CTL vs. OVX and OVX + E was 44±3% vs. 51±1% and 54±3% (P<0.01 vs. CTL for both). No differences were found in passive diameters or distensibility between the groups. BBB permeability increased 500% in OVX vs. CTL animals; however, estrogen replacement restored barrier properties: flux of Lucifer Yellow for CTL, OVX, and OVX + E was (ng/mL): 3.4±1.2, 20.2±5.3 (P<0.01 vs. CTL), and 6.15±1.2 (n.s.). Conclusions: These results suggest that estrogen replacement may not be beneficial for small-vessel disease in the brain, but may limit BBB disruption and edema under conditions that cause it. [source] Remodeling of extracellular matrix at ovulation of the bovine ovarian follicleMOLECULAR REPRODUCTION & DEVELOPMENT, Issue 10 2006H.F. Irving-Rodgers Abstract Using immunohistochemistry and RNA analyses we examined the fate of components of a newly identified matrix that develops between granulosa cells (focimatrix, abbreviated from focal intraepithelial matrix) and of the follicular basal lamina in ovulating bovine ovarian follicles. Pre- and postovulatory follicles were generated by treatment with estradiol (Day 1), progesterone (Days 1,10), and prostaglandin analogue (Day 9) with either no further treatment (Group 1, n,=,6) and or with 25 mg porcine LH (Day 11, Group 2, n,=,8 or Day 10, Group 3, n,=,8) and ovariectomy on Day 12 (12,14 hr post LH in Group 2, 38,40.5 hr in Group 3). In the time frame examined no loss of follicular basal lamina laminin chains ,2 and ,1 or nidogen 1 was observed. In the follicular basal lamina collagen type IV ,1 and perlecan were present prior to ovulation; after ovulation collagen type IV ,1 was discontinuously distributed and perlecan was absent. Versican in the theca interna adjacent to the follicular basal lamina in preovulatory follicles was not observed post ovulation, however, the granulosa cells then showed strong cytoplasmic staining for versican. Expression of versican isoforms V0, V1, and V3 was detected at all stages. Focimatrix was observed in preovulatory follicles. It contained collagen type IV ,1, laminins ,2 and ,1, nidogen 1 and perlecan and underwent changes in composition similar to that of the follicular basal lamina. In conclusion focimatrix and the follicular basal lamina are degraded at ovulation. Individual components are lost at different times. Mol. Reprod. Dev. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Relationship Among Follicular Growth, Oestrus, Time of Ovulation, Endogenous Estradiol 17, and Luteinizing Hormone in Bos Indicus Cows After a Synchronization ProgramREPRODUCTION IN DOMESTIC ANIMALS, Issue 6 2007M Maquivar Contents To determine the pattern of follicular growth during oestrus and the relationship with estradiol and luteinizing hormone in ovulating and non-ovulating cows, three groups of (n = 10), thirty cyclic, Bos indicus cows were synchronized with CIDR, consecutively at 9-day intervals. Twenty-four hours after implant withdrawal, all cows synchronized in the same group with other cows displaying estrous behaviour after implant withdrawal were subjected to an intensive period of ultrasonographic observations (every 6 h for 120 h). Blood samples were taken to evaluate LH surge and 17- , estradiol. No differences were observed in follicular growth, ovulatory diameter and growth average in the three groups of synchronized cows. Cows ovulating (CO) had a better growth average in comparison with the group of cows not ovulating (CNO) (1.4 ± 0.7 mm vs 0.7 ± 0.5 mm, p < 0.06). The average time from estradiol release to LH surge was 39.3 ± 24.6 h. Differences were also observed between CO and CNO with respect to both the first concentration (27.7 ± 5.2 vs 58.6 ± 31.9, p < 0.004) and last concentration (79.3 ± 23.3 vs 99.2 ± 27.3, p < 0.05) of estradiol above 5 pg/ml. The average time from overt signs of oestrus to LH release was 8.4 ± 7.7 h. In the CNO, the increase in LH concentration was never above two SD from the basal average. In conclusion, there is a wide variability in follicular growth and ovulatory diameter between CO and CNO, which can affect the intervals of LH release, estradiol peak and ovulation. Yet, LH surge might be a good marker for timing ovulation in Zebu cows. [source] Development and characterization of a synthetic promoter for selective expression in proliferating endothelial cellsTHE JOURNAL OF GENE MEDICINE, Issue 4 2006P. Szymanski Abstract Background Systemic administration of non-viral gene therapy provides better access to tumors than local administration. Development of a promoter that restricts expression of cytotoxic proteins to the tumor vasculature will increase the safety of the system by minimizing expression in the non-dividing endothelial cells of the vasculature of non-target tissues. Methods Cell cycle promoters were tested for selective expression in dividing cells vs. non-dividing cells in vitro and promoter strength was compared to the cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter. Successful promoter candidates were tested in vivo using two proliferating endothelium mouse models. Ovarectomized mice were injected with estradiol prior to lipoplex administration and expression levels were measured in the lungs and uterus 4 days after administration. The second model was a subcutaneous tumor model and expression levels were measured in the lungs and tumors. For both animal models, expression levels from the proliferating endothelium promoter were compared to that obtained from a CMV promoter. Results The results showed that the Cdc6 promoter yielded higher expression in proliferating vs. non-proliferating cells. Secondly, promoter strength could be selectively increased in endothelial cells by the addition of a multimerized endothelin enhancer (ET) to the Cdc6 promoter. Thirdly, comparison of expression levels in the lungs vs. uterus in the ovarectomized mouse model and lungs vs. tumor in the mouse tumor model showed expression was much higher in the uterus and the tumor than in the lungs for the ET/Cdc6 promoter, and expression levels were comparable to that of the CMV promoter in the hypervascularized tissues. Conclusions These results demonstrate that the combination of the endothelin enhancer with the Cdc6 promoter yields selective expression in proliferating endothelium and can be used to express cytotoxic proteins to treat vascularized tumors. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Effects of Cyclic Versus Sustained Estrogen Administration on Peripheral Immune Functions in Ovariectomized MiceAMERICAN JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE IMMUNOLOGY, Issue 4 2010Jing Li Citation Li J, McMurray RW. Effects of cyclic versus sustained estrogen administration on peripheral immune functions in ovariectomized mice. Am J Reprod Immunol 2010; 63: 274,281 Problem, Estrogens have multiple influences on immune functions. We aimed to compare the effects of cyclic versus sustained estrogen treatments under the same accumulated dose on peripheral immune functions in ovariectomized mice. Method of study, Ovariectomized adult Balb/c mice were treated with estradiol (E2) by s.c. injection once every 4 days (total 44.8 ,g) or by pellet implantation (total 44.2 ,g). After 6 weeks of treatment, all animals were immunized with DNP-KLH. Peripheral immune functions were assessed 10 days later. Results, Both cyclic and sustained E2 treatments significantly reduced the percentage of splenic B220+sIgM+ cells, enhanced IFN-, production and suppressed IL-6 secretion from Con A-stimulated splenocytes, and increased serum anti-DNP antibody levels. No differences were found in the above responses or in uterine weight gain between the two regimens of E2 administration. Conclusion, There are no differential effects on peripheral immune functions between cyclic and sustained estrogen administration under the same total dose. [source] SHORT COMMUNICATION: Increased Expression of Glutathione by Estradiol, Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha, and Interleukin 1-Beta in Endometrial Stromal CellsAMERICAN JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE IMMUNOLOGY, Issue 6 2009Sa Ra Lee Problem, The intracellular antioxidant system, based on glutathione (GSH), plays a key role in endometrial detoxification reactions and has been proposed to be involved in the pathogenesis endometriosis. This study was designed to evaluate whether estradiol (E2) and proinflammatory cytokines have any effects on expression of glutathione in endometrial stromal cells (ESCs). Method of study, Glutathione levels were measured utilizing high-performance liquid chromatography following in vitro culture and treatment of ESCs with estradiol, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-,) and interleukin 1-beta (IL-1,). Results, The GSH level in E2 (10,8 m) treatment group was significantly higher than in the control group at 48 h (P < 0.05). In vitro treatment of ESCs with TNF-, 10 ng/mL as well as E2 (10,8 m) plus TNF-, 10 ng/mL for 48 hr also led to a significant increase in GSH level (P < 0.05; P < 0.05, respectively). Both IL-1, 10 ng/mL and E2 (10,8 m) plus IL-1, 10 ng/mL for 48 hr increased GSH level significantly (P < 0.05; P < 0.05, respectively) as well. Conclusions, These findings might suggest that increased production of estradiol and proinflammatory cytokines in the peritoneal cavity possibly leads to the establishment of endometriosis through increased level of GSH. [source] Maintenance of pregnancy in ovariectomized Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus)ANIMAL SCIENCE JOURNAL, Issue 5 2002Osamu KAI ABSTRACT Bilateral ovariectomy (Ovx) was carried out on day 20 of pregnancy in Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus). The body weights of all groups tended to decrease on the day after the operation, and the decrease was significant in the group that was ovariectomized and given vehicle (Ovx + vehicle group). The body weight in this group never recovered until autopsy on day 24, which is normally 1 day before parturition. No fetuses survived to the time of autopsy in any of the animals of the Ovx + vehicle group. Daily administration of 4 mg of progesterone (P4) prevented the termination of pregnancy in Ovx animals, but 1 mg did not. Treatment with estradiol 17, (E2) in addition to 4 mg of P4 tended to result in a lower rate of fetal survival than that of the Ovx group treated with 4 mg of P4 alone. With regard to fetal weight, treatment with 4 mg of P4 resulted in the same weight as in the sham-operated controls, but the addition of 0.2 or 1 ,g of E2 to the 4 mg of P4 resulted in a significantly lower weight than that of fetuses in the 4 mg of P4 group. The present study suggests that adequate maintenance of pregnancy in ovariectomized gerbils can be achieved by daily treatment with 4 mg of P4 alone. Moreover, treatment with 0.2 or 1 ,g of E2 in addition to 4 mg of P4 caused a deterioration in the maintenance of gestation, in contrast to the effects in rats, mice and hamsters. [source] Synthesis, Structural Evaluation, and Estrogen Receptor Interaction of 4, 5-Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)imidazolesARCHIV DER PHARMAZIE, Issue 10 2002Ronald Gust Abstract 4, 5-Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)imidazoles with 2, 2,-H (1), 2, 2,-F (2), 2, 2,-Cl (3), and 2, 2,6-Cl (4) substituents in the aromatic rings were synthesized by oxidation of the respective methoxy-substituted (R, S)/(S, R)-4, 5-diaryl-2-imidazolines with MnO2 and subsequent ether cleavage with BBr3. N -alkylation of 1 and 3 with ethyl iodide yielded the compounds 5 and 6. The imidazoles were characterized by NMR spectroscopy and tested for estrogen receptor binding in a competition experiment with [3H]estradiol using calf uterine cytosol. Gene activation was verified in a luciferase assay using estrogen receptor positive MCF-7-2a cells stably transfected with the plasmid EREwtcluc. All halide substituted imidazoles competed with estradiol for the binding site at the estrogen receptor. The N -ethyl derivative 6 showed the highest relative binding affinity of 1.26 %. Treatment of MCF-7-2a cells, however, did not lead to gene activation. The relative activation of 6 amounted only to 10 % at 1,M compared to E2 (100 %). [source] Estradiol inhibits chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells via nonclassic signalingARTHRITIS & RHEUMATISM, Issue 4 2010Zsuzsa Jenei-Lanzl Objective We undertook this study to examine the effects of estradiol on chondrogenesis of human bone marrow,derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), with consideration of sex-dependent differences in cartilage repair. Methods Bone marrow was obtained from the iliac crest of young men. Density-gradient centrifugation,separated human MSCs proliferated as a monolayer in serum-containing medium. After confluence was achieved, aggregates were created and cultured in a serum-free differentiation medium. We added different concentrations of 17,-estradiol (E2) with or without the specific estrogen receptor inhibitor ICI 182.780, membrane-impermeable E2,bovine serum albumin (E2-BSA), ICI 182.780 alone, G-1 (an agonist of G protein,coupled receptor 30 [GPR-30]), and G15 (a GPR-30 antagonist). After 21 days, the aggregates were analyzed histologically and immunohistochemically; we quantified synthesized type II collagen, DNA content, sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) concentrations, and type X collagen and matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13) expression. Results The existence of intracellular and membrane-associated E2 receptors was shown at various stages of chondrogenesis. Smaller aggregates and significantly lower type II collagen and sGAG content were detected after treatment with E2 and E2-BSA in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, E2 enhanced type X collagen and MMP-13 expression. Compared with estradiol alone, the coincubation of ICI 182.780 with estradiol enhanced suppression of chondrogenesis. Treatment with specific GPR-30 agonists alone (G-1 and ICI 182.780) resulted in a considerable inhibition of chondrogenesis. In addition, we found an enhancement of hypertrophy by G-1. Furthermore, the specific GPR-30 antagonist G15 reversed the GPR-30,mediated inhibition of chondrogenesis and up-regulation of hypertrophic gene expression. Conclusion The experiments revealed a suppression of chondrogenesis by estradiol via membrane receptors (GPR-30). The study opens new perspectives for influencing chondrogenesis on the basis of classic and nonclassic estradiol signaling. [source] The effect of elevated serum estradiol levels on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin injection on pregnancy outcomes in an assisted reproduction programAUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY, Issue 5 2009Tevfik YOLDEMIR Background: Women who have a high estradiol level on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin injection are considered to have their in vitro fertilisation treatments compromised. How this really affects the pregnancy rates needs to be questioned. Aim: To determine if elevated serum estradiol levels on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin injection have a deleterious effect on clinical and ongoing pregnancy rates in an assisted reproduction program. Methods: A retrospective analysis was done of women with estradiol levels higher than 10 000 pmol/L and women with estradiol levels between 8000,10 000 pmol/L on the day of ovulation trigger undergoing in vitro fertilisation treatment at the Fertility Unit of the Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, University of Sydney, Australia. Pregnancy rates were compared for those having fresh embryo transfers and those having frozen thawed embryo transfers in subsequent cycles. Results: There was no difference between the groups in terms of clinical and ongoing pregnancy rates. Conclusion:, Frozen thawed embryos obtained from controlled ovarian hyperstimulation cycles resulted in similar clinical and ongoing pregnancy rates as those obtained in previous fresh embryo transfer cycles. [source] Development and validation of a 2,000-gene microarray for the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas)ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY & CHEMISTRY, Issue 7 2007Patrick Larkin Abstract Gene microarrays provide the field of ecotoxicology new tools to identify mechanisms of action of chemicals and chemical mixtures. Herein we describe the development and application of a 2,000-gene oligonucleotide microarray for the fathead minnow Pimephales promelas, a species commonly used in ecological risk assessments in North America. The microarrays were developed from various cDNA and subtraction libraries that we constructed. Consistency and reproducibility of the microarrays were documented by examining multiple technical replicates. To test application of the fathead minnow microarrays, gene expression profiles of fish exposed to 17,-estradiol, a well-characterized estrogen receptor (ER) agonist, were examined. For these experiments, adult male fathead minnows were exposed for 24 h to waterborne 17,-estradiol (40 or 100 ng/L) in a flow-through system, and gene expression in liver samples was characterized. Seventy-one genes were identified as differentially regulated by estradiol exposure. Examination of the gene ontology designations of these genes revealed patterns consistent with estradiol's expected mechanisms of action and also provided novel insights as to molecular effects of the estrogen. Our studies indicate the feasibility and utility of microarrays as a basis for understanding biological responses to chemical exposure in a model ecotoxicology test species. [source] | |||||||||||||