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Wilcoxon Signed-rank Test (wilcoxon + signed-rank_test)
Selected AbstractsAn Affine-Invariant Generalization of the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test for the Bivariate Location ProblemAUSTRALIAN & NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF STATISTICS, Issue 2 2003Denis Larocque Abstract This paper proposes an affine-invariant test extending the univariate Wilcoxon signed-rank test to the bivariate location problem. It gives two versions of the null distribution of the test statistic. The first version leads to a conditionally distribution-free test which can be used with any sample size. The second version can be used for larger sample sizes and has a limiting ,22 distribution under the null hypothesis. The paper investigates the relationship with a test proposed by Jan & Randles (1994). It shows that the Pitman efficiency of this test relative to the new test is equal to 1 for elliptical distributions but that the two tests are not necessarily equivalent for non-elliptical distributions. These facts are also demonstrated empirically in a simulation study. The new test has the advantage of not requiring the assumption of elliptical symmetry which is needed to perform the asymptotic version of the Jan and Randles test. [source] Career choice and attitudes towards dental education amongst dental students in Japan and SwedenEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DENTAL EDUCATION, Issue 2 2009H. Karibe Abstract The purpose of this study was to identify and compare the perspectives of dental students towards their career choice and dental education in Japan and Sweden. One hundred and fourteen dental students from the Nippon Dental University, Japan and 43 dental students from the Karolinska Institutet, Sweden participated in this study. Information was derived from a self-answered questionnaire consisting of five items for career choice and six items for dental education. Chi-square test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used for comparison. Significant differences were detected for 10 questionnaire items between the two countries. Regarding motivation towards the career choice, 44% of Swedish students indicated interpersonal motives related to helping other people, whereas 32% of Japanese students indicated expectations of their family in the dental profession. As future career options, 64% of Japanese and 47% of Swedish students planned to work as general dentists. More Swedish students (37%) preferred specialisation than Japanese students (17%). Nearly three-quarters of the Swedish students were satisfied with the teaching faculty of their school, whilst only 32% of the Japanese students indicated content. The perspectives of dental students were different in Japan and Sweden. This study provides a description of the perspectives of Japanese and Swedish dental students and enables better understanding of career decision and dental curriculum issues. [source] Original article: Assessment of changes in oral health-related quality of life among patients with complete denture before and 1 month post-insertion using Geriatric Oral Health Assessment IndexGERODONTOLOGY, Issue 3 2010Kamal Shigli doi:10.1111/j.1741-2358.2009.00323.x Assessment of changes in oral health-related quality of life among patients with complete denture before and 1 month post-insertion using Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index Objective:, Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) is a 12-item measure of "patient-reported oral functional problems" intended for use in the assessment of the effectiveness of dental treatment. Design and Setting:, As there is scanty literature available on GOHAI in the Indian population, the present study was undertaken to assess the changes in GOHAI before and 1 month after placement of dentures in completely edentulous patients reporting to a dental hospital at Indore, India. Measurements:, The GOHAI questionnaire was completed by the examiner who interviewed the patients (n = 35) before placement of complete dentures and 1 month later. Mean, median values were calculated and the data were analysed using Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results:, When overall mean was considered, the GOHAI scores increased from 27.48 to 30.19 (p = 0.002; highly significant). Conclusion:, Patients reported improvement in functional changes after placement of complete dentures. [source] Increased volume of coverage for abdominal contrast-enhanced MR angiography with two-dimensional autocalibrating parallel imaging: Initial experience at 3.0 TeslaJOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING, Issue 5 2009Darren P. Lum MD Abstract Purpose: To assess the feasibility and the quality of abdominal three-dimensional (3D) contrast enhanced MR angiograms acquired at 3.0 Tesla (T) using a new 2D-accelerated autocalibrating parallel reconstruction method for Cartesian sampling (2D-ARC). Materials and Methods: With institutional review board approval and written informed consent, a prospective trial in 6 normal healthy volunteers and 23 patients referred for evaluation of suspected renovascular disease was performed. The volunteers underwent abdominal MRA with and without 2D-ARC acceleration. Images were evaluated independently by two blinded vascular radiologists in randomized order. Vessel conspicuity was rated on a five-point scale. Evaluation for significant differences between the scores for each technique was performed using a Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: In the series of six volunteers, no statistical significance was found between the image quality scores for 2D-ARC accelerated and nonaccelerated exams. A high proportion of the 23 clinical 2D-ARC exams were graded as diagnostic (vessel conspicuity score ,2; Reader 1, 96%; Reader 2, 100%) for overall image quality. Conclusion: Subjective image quality of 2D-ARC accelerated MRA was equivalent to the conventional MRA method. However, the 2D-ARC accelerated sequence provided a 3.5-fold increase in imaging volume, complete abdominal coverage, and a 30% reduction in voxel volume, all within the same acquisition time. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;30:1093,1100. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Interactive magnetic resonance cholangiography (MRC) with adaptive averaging,JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING, Issue 4 2006Martin J. Graves MSc Abstract Purpose To implement and evaluate a technique for adaptively averaging 2D magnetic resonance cholangiography (MRC) images obtained using an interactive imaging system with a view to improving image quality at reduced fields of view (FOVs). Materials and Methods Images were obtained using an interactive implementation of a single-shot half-Fourier rapid acquisition with relaxation enhancement (RARE) technique. Software was developed for adaptively averaging images, and an evaluation was performed in a phantom and a cohort of 10 patients referred for standard MRC. Adaptively averaged and standard single-shot MRC images were evaluated with respect to their ability to demonstrate the common bile duct and main left and right intrahepatic duct branches. Results In all patient studies there was no difference in the ability of either the adaptive technique or the standard single-shot method to demonstrate the common bile duct and the main left and right intrahepatic duct branches. However, in seven of the 10 patient studies the adaptive technique provided better visualization of the peripheral bile duct system (P = 0.035; sign test). There was no difference in the diagnostic confidence of the two techniques (P = 0.32, Wilcoxon signed-rank test). Conclusion Adaptive averaging of MRC images obtained using an interactive imaging paradigm significantly improves visualization of peripheral intrahepatic ducts. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2006. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Effect of an antifungal denture liner on the saliva yeast count in patients with denture stomatitis: a pilot studyJOURNAL OF ORAL REHABILITATION, Issue 9 2008G. A. V. M. GEERTS Summary, Although in vitro studies on the release of antifungal agents from tissue conditioners have been done, no in vivo research on the topic could be found. The purpose of this study was to determine the in vivo effect of an antifungal agent released from a tissue conditioner on the salivary yeast count. Forty edentulous patients with denture stomatitis caused by Candida albicans were divided in two groups. Group 1 (control) was treated with a tissue conditioner only. Group 2 was treated with a tissue conditioner incorporating 500 000 U nystatin. Oral rinses were performed by both groups before treatment and every second day during treatment for a period of 14 days. Total yeast counts of the oral rinses were performed and the averages and standard deviations for both groups calculated and logarithm-transformed data of the counts over time were statistically analysed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The average oral rinse yeast count of the control group decreased up to day 4. Thereafter, the count increased till the end of the test period. At day 14, the oral rinse yeast level was higher than the pre-treatment level. The average yeast count of the test group decreased up to day 7. Thereafter, the count increased but remained significantly lower (P = 0·01) than the control group and did not return to its pre-treatment level. A nystatin-containing short-term denture liner significantly decreases the salivary yeast count of patients with denture stomatitis compared with a liner without nystatin. [source] Detection of improvement in the masticatory function from old to new removable partial dentures using mixing ability testJOURNAL OF ORAL REHABILITATION, Issue 9 2005A. ASAKAWA summary, The aim of this study was to determine the sensitivity of the Mixing Ability Test to detect improvement of masticatory function in subjects on transition from old to new removable partial dentures. Thirty-two subjects (seven males, 25 females, mean age 65·0 years) with distal extension partially edentulous area in mandible and/or maxilla participated in the study. The following reasons were presented for replacing the old removable partial dentures with new ones: fracture and/or poor fitness of retainers, extraction of abutment teeth, poor fitness of denture base, severe wear of artificial teeth and request for metal base dentures. Masticatory function with old and new removable partial dentures after an adaptation period (mean 27·4 weeks) was evaluated by the Mixing Ability Test. Subjects were asked to masticate five two-coloured wax cubes with each removable partial denture. Mixing Ability Index was obtained from the colour mixture and shape of the masticated cubes. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to test the difference of Mixing Ability Indexes between old and new removable partial dentures. The mixing ability indexes with new removable partial dentures (mean ± s.d.: 0·70 ± 0·68) was significantly higher (P < 0·001) than those with old removable partial dentures (,0·11 ± 1·13). The results suggest that the Mixing Ability Test was capable of detecting improvement in masticatory function with new removable partial dentures. [source] Clinical and radiological follow-up results of patients with untreated TMJ closed lockJOURNAL OF ORAL REHABILITATION, Issue 5 2005P. IMIRZALIOGLU summary, The purpose of this study was to compare clinical and radiological findings of untreated closed lock patients at least 22 months after initial diagnosis. Ten patients with closed lock in at least one joint who had received no treatment were included in the study. Clinically maximum mouth opening, joint pain and joint sounds were recorded. Radiologically position of the disc, disc morphology, bone degeneration and presence of fluid were determined on magnetic resonance imaging. Clinical and radiological examinations were repeated 2,5 years after initial examinations. Results were statistically compared using either the non-parametric McNemar test or the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. There were significant improvements in both mouth opening capacity and prevalence of joint pain, while no significant change in radiological examination. The results of this study suggested that closed lock patients undergo active adaptation in clinical symptoms. [source] Effects of remifentanil/propofol in comparison with isoflurane on dynamic cerebrovascular autoregulation in humansACTA ANAESTHESIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 8 2001K. Engelhard Background: This study investigates the effects of remifentanil and propofol in comparison to isoflurane on dynamic cerebrovascular autoregulation in humans. Methods: In 16 awake patients dynamic cerebrovascular autoregulation was measured using transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD). Thereafter patients were intubated, ventilated with O2/air (FiO2=0.33) and randomly assigned to one of the following anesthetic protocols: group 1 (n=8): 0.5 ,g · kg,1 · min,1 remifentanil combined with a propofol-target plasma concentration of 1.5 ,g · ml,1; group 2 (n=8): 1.8 % isoflurane (1.5 MAC). Following 20 min of equilibration the autoregulatory challenge was repeated. Arterial blood gases and body temperature were maintained constant over time. Statistics: Mann-Whitney U-test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: Dynamic autoregulation was intact in all patients prior to induction of anesthesia expressed by an autoregulatory index (ARI) of 5.4±1.21 (mean±SD, group 1) and 5.9±0.98 (mean±SD, group 2). With remifentanil/propofol anesthesia dynamic autoregulation was similar to the awake state (group 1: ARI=4.9±0.88). In contrast, autoregulatory response was delayed with 1.5 MAC isoflurane (group 2, ARI=2.1±0.92) (P<0.05). Conclusion: These data show that dynamic cerebrovascular autoregulation is maintained with remifentanil-based total intravenous anesthesia. This is consistent with the view that narcotics (and hypnotics) do not alter the physiologic cerebrovascular responses to changes in MAP. In contrast, 1.5 MAC isoflurane delays cerebrovascular autoregulation compared to the awake state. [source] ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Comparative Analysis of Peripheral Natural Killer Cells in the Two Phases of the Ovarian CycleAMERICAN JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE IMMUNOLOGY, Issue 1 2010Ageliki Pantazi Problem Changes in endometrial Natural Killer (NK) cells during the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle are important in initiating/maintaining a subsequent pregnancy. In the present study it was investigated whether during the menstrual cycle changes occur also in peripheral blood (PB) NKs. Method of study Blood samples during the follicular and the luteal phase were collected from 30 women without fertility problems. Samples were analyzed by flow-cytometry for: (1) NK cells (CD3,CD16+CD56+) and (2) intracellular production of interferon-, (IFN-,) by NK cells. For the comparison and correlation of the two populations between the two phases, Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Spearman's Coefficient were used. Results The differences in percentages of CD3,CD16+CD56+ cells and that of CD3,CD16+CD56+/IFN-,+ cells between the follicular and the luteal phase were not statistically significant (10.61 ± 5.11 versus 9.76 ± 4.57 and 6.48 ± 7.90 versus 7.30 ± 6.77, respectively, P > 0.05). The correlation between the two variables (NK% and NK/IFN-,%) was weakly positive (P = 0.07) only in the follicular phase. Conclusion The study did not reveal menstrual cycle-depended changes in PB NK cells. Thus, a suggestion to measure these cells in a specific phase of the cycle in order to predict the outcome of a subsequent pregnancy in women with fertility problems is objected. [source] Surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis may improve sleep and sexual function,THE LARYNGOSCOPE, Issue 8 2010Michael S. Benninger MD Abstract Objectives/Hypothesis: This study was designed to evaluate the impact of surgery on the sexual function and sleep function of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Study Design: A retrospective review of a cohort of prospectively enrolled patients with chronic rhinosinusitis who have undergone endoscopic sinus surgery. Methods: Each patient completed the Rhinosinusitis Disability Index (RSDI) prior to surgery and at least nine months following endoscopic sinus surgery, and the preoperative and postoperative scores for the questions related to sleep and sexual activity were evaluated. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to assess the magnitude and direction of change between observation points. Results: Mean response scores regarding sexual activity between preoperative (1.1 ± 1.0) and postoperative scores (0.7 ± 0.8) are significantly different (P < .001). Mean response scores regarding sleep dysfunction between preoperative (2.4 ± 1.0) and postoperative scores (1.5 ± 1.1) are also significantly different (P < .001). For both questions, a higher frequency of subjects responded "never" and "almost never" in the postoperative period compared with preoperative measures. Conclusions: Using the questions from the RSDI, there is an improvement in scores of sexual function and sleep after surgery for patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. Further, more in-depth evaluations of these potential benefits are needed. Laryngoscope, 2010 [source] An Affine-Invariant Generalization of the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test for the Bivariate Location ProblemAUSTRALIAN & NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF STATISTICS, Issue 2 2003Denis Larocque Abstract This paper proposes an affine-invariant test extending the univariate Wilcoxon signed-rank test to the bivariate location problem. It gives two versions of the null distribution of the test statistic. The first version leads to a conditionally distribution-free test which can be used with any sample size. The second version can be used for larger sample sizes and has a limiting ,22 distribution under the null hypothesis. The paper investigates the relationship with a test proposed by Jan & Randles (1994). It shows that the Pitman efficiency of this test relative to the new test is equal to 1 for elliptical distributions but that the two tests are not necessarily equivalent for non-elliptical distributions. These facts are also demonstrated empirically in a simulation study. The new test has the advantage of not requiring the assumption of elliptical symmetry which is needed to perform the asymptotic version of the Jan and Randles test. [source] A 10-year follow-up after transurethral resection of the prostate, contact laser prostatectomy and electrovaporization in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia; long-term results of a randomized controlled trialBJU INTERNATIONAL, Issue 6 2010Robert J. Hoekstra Study Type , Therapy (RCT) Level of Evidence 1b OBJECTIVE To compare long-term results of transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), contact laser prostatectomy (CLP) and electrovaporization of the prostate (EVAP) in men with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). PATIENTS AND METHODS Between 1996 and 2001, a prospective, randomized controlled trial was conducted in 150 men with LUTS suggestive of BPH, who had a prostate volume of 20,65 mL and a Schäfer's obstruction grade of ,2. Outcome variables were the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), Quality of Life (QoL) question, Symptom Problem Index (SPI), BPH Impact Index (BII), maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax), prostate volume, prostate specific antigen (PSA) level, morbidity and mortality. In 2008 we carried out a long-term follow-up in these patients. Long-term values were compared with preoperative values for each treatment group (Wilcoxon signed-rank test), differences among groups were analysed (Kruskal,Wallis test) and actuarial failure-rates of the interventions were determined (Kaplan-Meier analysis). RESULTS Although we could account for 91% of the initial participants in 2008, 66 (44%) patients (29 TURP, 20 CLP and 17 EVAP) were available for follow-up measurements after a mean (range) of 10.1(6.9,12.7) years Among the three treatment groups, there were no significant differences in IPSS, QoL, SPI, BII, Qmax, PSA level and prostate volume. The IPSS, QoL, SPI and BII were still improved (P < 0.05) from values before treatment for all treatments. Only in the TURP group were the long-term results of Qmax still improved (P < 0.05). The mortality rate was comparable among the treatments. The 10-year actuarial failure rates (95% confidence interval) were 0.11 (0.03,0.20), 0.22 (0.10,0.35) and 0.23 (0.11,0.35) for TURP, CLP and EVAP, respectively. CONCLUSIONS After a mean follow-up of 10.1 years, there were similar and durable improvements in IPSS, QoL, SPI and BII for patients with LUTS suggestive of BPH after TURP, CLP and EVAP. Between the treatment groups there were no statistically significant differences in Qmax, PSA levels and prostate volume at any time during the follow-up. However, only patients treated with TURP showed minimal durable improvements in Qmax. There was no statistically significant difference in success rate and mortality rate among the three treatments. [source] Two-Year Outcome with Nobel Direct® Implants: A Retrospective Radiographic and Microbiologic Study in 10 PatientsCLINICAL IMPLANT DENTISTRY AND RELATED RESEARCH, Issue 3 2009Tommie Van de Velde LA ABSTRACT Introduction: The Nobel Direct® implant (Nobel Biocare AB, Göteborg, Sweden) was developed to minimize marginal bone resorption and to result in "soft tissue integration" for an optimized aesthetic outcome. However, conflicting results have been presented in the literature. The aim of this present study was to evaluate the clinical and microbiologic outcomes of Nobel Direct implants. Materials and Methods: Ten partially edentulous subjects without evidence of active periodontitis (mean age 55 years) received 12 Nobel Direct implants. Implants were loaded with single crowns after a healing period of 3 to 6 months. Treatment outcomes were assessed at month 24. Routine clinical assessments, intraoral radiographs, and microbiologic samplings were made. Histologic analysis of one failing implant and chemical spectroscopy around three unused implants was performed. Paired Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for the evaluation of bone loss; otherwise, descriptive analysis was performed. Results: Implants were functionally loaded after 3 to 6 months. At 2 years, the mean bone loss of remaining implants was 2.0 mm (SD ± 1.1 mm; range: 0.0,3.4 mm). Three out of 12 implants with an early mean bone loss >3 mm were lost. The surviving implants showed increasing bone loss between 6 and 24 months (p = .028). Only 3 out of the 12 implants were considered successful and showed bone loss of <1.7 mm after 2 years. High rates of pathogens, including Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium spp., Porphyromonas gingivalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Tanerella forsythia, were found. Chemical spectroscopy revealed, despite the normal signals from Ti, O, and C, also peaks of P, F, S, N, and Ca. A normal histologic image of osseointegration was observed in the apical part of the retrieved implant. Conclusion: Radiographic evidence and 25% implant failures are indications of a low success rate. High counts and prevalence of significant pathogens were found at surviving implants. Although extensive bone loss had occurred in the coronal part, the apical portion of the implant showed some bone to implant integration. [source] Effects of SCN,/H2O2 combinations in dentifrices on plaque and gingivitisJOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 3 2001Michael Rosin Abstract Objectives: A 10-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study on 140 male subjects was conducted to determine the effect on plaque and gingivitis of 5 dentifrices containing various thiocyanate (SCN,)/hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) combinations. Materials and Methods: The dentifrices consisted of a gel base without any detergents or abrasives (placebo, group A) to which SCN, and/or H2O2 were added as follows: 0.1% SCN, (group B), 0.5% SCN, (group C), 0.1% SCN,/ 0.1% H2O2 (group D), 0.5% SCN,/0.1% H2O2 (group E) and 0.1% H2O2 (group F). A baseline examination was performed in which the Silness and Löe Plaque Index (PI), the Mühlemann and Son Sulcus Bleeding Index (SBI), and the amount of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) were recorded using the Periotron 6000 on teeth 16, 12, 24, 36, 32, and 44. The subjects were randomly assigned to either the placebo group (n=40) or one of the test groups (n=20) and used their respective dentifrices over a period of 8 weeks. Finally, each group used the placebo for another 2 weeks (wash-out). Re-examinations were performed after 1, 4, and 8 weeks and the 2-week wash-out period employing the clinical parameters used at baseline. Intragroup changes were analyzed with the Wilcoxon signed-ranks test, using the baseline and wash-out points as references. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparisons between the treatment groups and the placebo group. Results: At the 8-week examination, the plaque index in group E (p=0.017) and group F (p=0.032) was lower than in the placebo group. The Sulcus Bleeding Index in group F after 1 week was increased (p=0.023) and the SBI in group E after 8 weeks was reduced (p=0.047) as compared to the placebo group. Conclusion: The results demonstrated that a dentifrice containing 0.5% SCN, and 0.1% H2O2 but no detergents or abrasives inhibited plaque and decreased gingivitis. Zusammenfassung Zielsetzung: Eine 10 Wochen dauernde placebokontrollierte Doppelblindstudie wurde bei 140 männlichen Probanden durchgeführt, um die Auswirkungen von 5 Zahnpasten, die verschiedene Kombinationen von Thiozyanat (SCN,) und Wasserstoffperoxide (H2O2) enthielten, auf Plaque und Gingivitis zu untersuchen. Material und Methoden: Die Zahnpasten bestanden aus einer Gelbasis ohne jegliche Detergentien oder Putzkörper (Placebo, Gruppe A), der SCN, und/oder H2O2 wie folgt beigemengt waren: 0.1% SCN, (Gruppe B), 0.5% SCN, (Gruppe C), 0.1% SCN,/0.1% H2O2 (Gruppe D), 0.5% SCN,/0.1% H2O2 (Gruppe E) und 0.1% H2O2 (Gruppe F). Zu Beginn der Studie wurden der Plaque Index (PI), der Sulkus-Blutungs-Index (SBI) und die Sulkusflüssigkeitsfließrate (SFFR) mit dem Periotron 6000 an den Zähnen 16, 12, 24, 36, 32 und 44 bestimmt. Die Probanden wurden zufällig der Placebogruppe (n=40) oder einer der 5 Testgruppen (n=20) zugewiesen und benutzten die entsprechende Zahnpasta über einen Zeitraum von 8 Wochen. Schließlich benutzte jeder Proband die Placebopasta für weitere 2 Wochen ("wash-out"). Nachuntersuchungen fanden nach 1, 4 und 8 Wochen sowie nach der "wash-out"-Periode statt. Ergebnisse: Zur 8-Wochen-Nachuntersuchung war der PI in den Gruppen E (p=0.017) und F (p=0.032) niedriger als in der Placebogruppe. Der SBI in Gruppe F war im Vergleich zur Placebogruppe nach einer Woche erhöht (p=0.023) und in Gruppe E nach 8 Wochen reduziert (p=0.047). Schlußfolgerungen: Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß eine Zahnpasta, die 0.5% SCN, und 0.1% H2O2 aber keinerlei Detergentien oder Putzkörper enthält Plaque hemmen und Gingivitis reduzieren kann. Résumé Une étude clinique en double aveugle, controlée par un placebo, sur 10 semaines a été réalisée sur 140 sujets masculins pour déterminer les effets sur la plaque et la gingivite de 5 dentifrices contenant des combinaisons variées de thiocyanate (SCN,)/peroxyde d'hydrogene (H2O2). Les dentifrices étaient constitués d'une base de gel sans détergents ni abrasifs (placebo, groupe A) à laquelle étaient ajoutés SCN, et/ou H2O2 comme suit: 0.1% SCN, (groupe B), 0.5% SCN, (groupe C), 0.1% SCN,/0.1% H2O2 (groupe D), 0.5% SCN,/1% H2O2 (groupe E), et 0.1% H2O2 (groupe F). Un examen initial était réalise au cours duquel, l'indice de plaque de Silness et Löe (PI), l'indice de saignement sulculaire de Mühlemann et Son (SBI), et la quantité de fluide gingival (GCF) étaient enregistrés en utilisant le Periotron 6000 sur les dents 16, 12, 24, 36, 32 et 44. Les sujets étaient assignés au hasard soit dans le groupe placebo (n=20), soit dans un groupe test (n=20) et utilisaient leur dentifrices respectifs pendant une période de 8 semaines. Finalement, chaque groupe utilisait le placebo pendant 2 semaines supplémentaires (lessivage). Une réexamination était réalisée après 1, 4, 8 semaines et après la période de lessivage final de 2 semaines avec les mênes indices qu'à l'examen initial. Les modifications intragroupe étaient analysées par le test de Wilcoxon signed ranks, en utilisant les indices initiaux et ceux relevés lors de la période de lessivage. Le test de Mann-Whitney U fut utilisé pour comparer les groupes test et le groupe placebo. A l'examen de la huitième semaine, les indices de plaque du groupe E (p=0.017) et du groupe F (p=0.032) étaient plus bas que dans le groupe placebo. L'indice de saignement sulculaire du groupe F après une semaine était augmenté (p=0.023) et le SBI du groupe E après 8 semaines était diminué (p=0.047), comparé au groupe placebo. Les résultats montrent qu'un dentifrice contenant 0.5% SCN, et 0.1% H2O2, mais ni détergents, ni abrasifs, inhibe la plaque et réduit la gingivite. [source] The effects of Masai Barefoot Technology, footwear on posture: an experimental designed studyPHYSIOTHERAPY RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL, Issue 4 2007Paul New Introduction.,This study was approved by the University of Southampton Ethics Committee. The aim of the study was to assess the anatomical changes to upright posture that occur in the sagittal plane as a result of wearing Masai Barefoot Technology (MBT) footwear during standing and walking. MBT claims that its innovative unstable shoes promote a more upright posture in which musculature is strengthened and joint wear reduced (Amann and Amann, 2004). This could be helpful in the management and prevention of conditions such as osteoarthritis and back pain. Method.,Twelve students (six male and six female), aged between 18 and 40 years, at the University of Southampton participated in the study. Participants attended one session at a biomechanics laboratory. The kinematics of posture while wearing MBT shoes during standing and gait were examined, using a two-dimensional motion analysis system, and compared to a control shoe. Statistical significance was tested by use of a paired t -test and a Wilcoxon signed-ranks test. Results.,Students standing in MBT footwear demonstrated a statistically significant increase in plantar flexion at the ankle joint (p = 0.025; mean flexion 3.02°; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] ,5.6 to ,0.4). Walking in MBT shoes showed a decrease in trunk flexion (p = 0.007; mean flexion 1.44°; 95% CI ,2.4 to ,0.4) and a reduction in anterior tilt of the pelvis (p = 0.003; mean tilt 3.20°; 95% CI ,5.06 to ,1.35) at heel strike. At toe-off a significant reduction in anterior pelvic tilt (p = 0.035; mean tilt 2.35°; 95% CI) was found in the MBT shoes. There was no significant difference found between the two shoe conditions at mid-stance, pelvic tilt (p = 0.53; mean tilt 1.83 degrees) trunk flexion (p = 0.05; mean flexion 0.95 deg). Conclusion.,MBT footwear changes certain characteristics of posture in quiet standing and walking. These findings could have positive implications for the management of conditions such as osteoarthritis and back pain; however, further research is needed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Use of latanoprost to reduce acute intraocular pressure rise following neodymium: Yag laser iridotomyACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA, Issue 3 2002Catherine J. Liu ABSTRACT. Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of latanoprost in reducing acute intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation after neodymium:Yag laser iridotomy (LI). Methods: Primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) eyes were randomized to receive premedication with latanoprost and pilocarpine or with pilocarpine only before LI. Postoperative IOP changes were compared with Wilcoxon signed-ranks test using the fellow eyes of 47 patients who had one eye in each group. Results: Postoperative pressure spikes were significantly lower (p =,0.010) in the latanoprost group (4.1 ± 5.0 mmHg) than in the control group (6.7 ± 7.0 mmHg). Mean elevation of IOP was less in the latanoprost group than in the control group at 1 hour (2.5 ± 4.8 versus 4.1 ± 4.7 mmHg, p = 0.013) and 2 hours (0.8 ± 5.6 versus 4.4 ± 8.1 mmHg, p = 0.003) postoperatively. Eleven eyes in the latanoprost group (23.4%) and 20 eyes in the control group (42.6%) developed a rise in IOP ,,6 mmHg (p =,0.048). Conclusion: Latanoprost may reduce the pressure rise following LI in PACG eyes, but its application is limited by a late onset of effect. [source] Effect of conical configuration of fixture on the maintenance of marginal bone level: preliminary results at 1 year of functionCLINICAL ORAL IMPLANTS RESEARCH, Issue 4 2010Jung-Joo Kim Abstract Objectives: To evaluate and to compare the effect of the conical neck design on marginal bone loss around the fixtures, when both implants were provided with micro-threads to the top of the fixture. Materials and methods: Two types of implant, one with a straight shape (S) and the other with a conical neck design (C) provided with a retentive element to the top of the fixture, were placed adjacent to each other in the partially edentulous areas of 12 patients. Bone loss around each implant was analyzed after 1 year of functional loading. The bone losses after loading were compared using Wilcoxon's signed-rank test. Results: The mean marginal bone losses (S, 0.05±0.09 mm; C, 0.07±0.14 mm) were not statistically significant between the two groups (P=0.578). Conclusions: There was no significant difference between conical and straight neck implants in terms of marginal bone loss after 1 year of loading. To cite this article: Kim J-J, Lee D-W, Kim C-K, Park K-H, Moon I-S. Effect of conical configuration of fixture on the maintenance of marginal bone level: preliminary results at 1 year of function. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 21, 2010; 439,444 doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2009.01871.x [source] | ||||||||||