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White Paper (white + paper)
Kinds of White Paper Selected AbstractsSustainable development and the ,governance challenge': the French experience with Natura 2000ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY AND GOVERNANCE, Issue 3 2008Darren McCauley Abstract Sustainable development is conceptualized in this paper as a serious challenge for governance structures and processes in nation states. Global and European agreements have placed the inclusion of civil society actors in policy-making at the heart of the sustainability agenda. This commitment is particularly evident in the Commission's White Paper on Governance and the EU Sustainable Development Strategy. From this perspective, the European Commission has consistently underlined the integral role of dialogue with social partners in any sustainability agenda. In contrast, there is a clear mismatch between these principles of civil society inclusion and policy-making in France. Long-standing traditions of meso-corporatism have struggled to adapt to extending participation to civil society actors. This paper assesses the implementation of sustainable development as civil society inclusion with reference to the French experience in dealing with EU biodiversity policy. It is argued that this governance challenge has effectively presented nation states with an ,interpretation dilemma' with regards to sustainable development. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment. [source] The evolving UK wind energy industry: critical policy and management aspects of the emerging research agendaENVIRONMENTAL POLICY AND GOVERNANCE, Issue 1 2006Peter A. Strachan Abstract In recent years, renewable energy , and in particular wind power , has come to the fore of both international and UK national environmental policy debates. In addition to helping to meet its Kyoto obligations, the British Government has indicated its desire for a much larger slice of the international wind energy market, and has consequently developed a national strategy to stimulate a more vibrant UK wind energy industry. With this in mind, the British Government's Climate Change Programme (DETR, 2000) and more recent Energy White Paper (DTI, 2003) outline the UK energy strategy for the coming two decades, with wind power featuring as a core component. This article critically considers the prospects for the development of a wind energy industry in the UK and introduces five strategic opportunities and five strategic barriers in this evolving segment of the energy market. The article concludes with recommendations to enhance public acceptance of wind energy and four important areas for future research are outlined. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment. [source] A national strategy for smoking cessation treatment in EnglandADDICTION, Issue 2005Ann McNeill ABSTRACT In 1998 the UK government published a White Paper on tobacco which set out the development of smoking cessation treatment services across England. This paper presents a detailed analysis of the events leading up to the inclusion of smoking cessation treatment services within the White Paper, and the background to the evaluation of those services, the results of which are the subject of the remaining papers in this supplement. [source] Lifelong Learning in the European Union: whither the Lisbon Strategy?EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF EDUCATION, Issue 3 2005HYWEL CERI JONES This article traces the Lisbon strategy back to the White Paper issued by President Jacques Delors in 1993 on Growth, Competitiveness, and Jobs as the launching point for the structural reform agenda needed to turn around the massive unemployment crisis and proposing a combination of policies for the structural reform of the labour market and stability-oriented macroeconomic policies designed to stimulate economic growth. The centrality of education and training in the Lisbon strategy is seen as key to the lifelong chances of every citizen linked to the need for Europe to compete on the basis of a knowledge-based economy if it is to maintain its high social standards. Describing the first years of the Lisbon strategy as ,a stuttering start', the mid-term stock-taking which offered European leaders the opportunity to fine-tune or radically modify the strategy is analysed. The article highlights the paradox that, although human capital is claimed to be Europe's most precious resource, there is inadequate focus on the weakest aspects of current systems. It also focuses on policy and financial levers which need to be mobilised within Member States as well as the implications for national budgets. It suggests the prioritisation of a small number of areas on which to concentrate efforts and echoes the Council calling for a ,quantum leap' in the ambition of the EU to ensure that the necessary follow-up is given to meet the challenges. Finally, a strong argument is put forward to take steps to move towards a unified set of proposals for lifelong learning. [source] Europe in Search of its Civil SocietyEUROPEAN LAW JOURNAL, Issue 2 2002Olivier De Schutter Building upon the experience of the Convention for the elaboration of the Charter of fundamental rights and upon the suggestions of the White Paper on European Governance, this article puts forward proposals for a better involvement of the ,civil society' in the system of the European Union. It offers a general diagnosis of the misunderstandings surrounding the notion of ,civil society' and the relationship of representative democracy to participatory democracy. It then draws some lessons from the experiment in deliberative democracy which led to the drafting of the Charter of fundamental rights. Finally, it focuses on the contribution the organisations of the civil society can make to good governance in the European Union. Altogether, the proposals presented tend to encourage a better structuration of the actors of the civil society. Such a structuration, the article concludes, although it is usually considered with suspicion even by those whom it would most benefit, must be seen instead as a condition for the effective exercise of whichever participatory rights might be granted to the organisations of the civil society. [source] The Governance of the European Union: The Potential for Multi-Level ControlEUROPEAN LAW JOURNAL, Issue 1 2002Colin Scott In its White Paper on the Governance of the European Union the European Commission has adopted a narrow concept of governance which focuses almost exclusively on public institutions exercising legislative and executive power (in other words institutions of government). The article suggests that a theory of multi-level control in the EU would attend to greater variety both in the available governance institutions and the techniques of control. The deployment of an analysis grounded in theories of control suggests that the European Commission is substantially holding to a long-held preference for instruments of government premised on the exercise of hierarchical power. This reform path sits uneasily with revived concerns to render the governance of the EU more democratic. Equally it inhibits the generation of more efficient governance arrangements which place greater dependence on communities, competition, and design as alternative bases of control to hierarchy. Control theory suggests that the assertion of different reform agendas and institutional structures by other actors can check the more wayward (and arguably illegitimate) tendencies within the Commission plan, whilst drawing in alternative bases of control which, when combined, may yield technically superior governance solutions. [source] New Labour and Higher Education: Dilemmas and ParadoxesHIGHER EDUCATION QUARTERLY, Issue 3 2003Roger Brown David Blunkett's Greenwich speech (2000) set out what have become the main themes of New Labour's engagement with higher education, themes which were elaborated in the recent White Paper (DfES, 2003a). This paper draws attention to the dilemmas and paradoxes which arise from the difficulties of simultaneously satisfying the objectives which were set out in the aftermath of the 2001 general election, and from the trade off solutions and policies actually identified. The most fundamental conflict is between the desire to expand the system and the costs of that expansion. The author also identifies a conflict between institutional diversity and hierarchy and between exclusionism and accessibility. The paper concludes by suggesting that exclusionism is still alive and well under the government of a party that still has ,Labour' in its title. [source] Governance ,to Go': Domestic Actors, Institutions and the Boundaries of the PossibleJCMS: JOURNAL OF COMMON MARKET STUDIES, Issue 4 2001Laura Cram How to ,bring Europe closer to the people' has long been a preoccupation of the policy-maker at the EU level and has recently been restated as a goal of the member governments in the Treaty of Nice. Currently, the Commission is addressing this issue through the White Paper on European Governance. Here, it is argued that the focus on ,governance' as a strategy for inclusion was ill founded and underestimated the likely conflict with existing ,governance' regimes at the domestic level. Moreover, the pursuit of ,heroic' Europeanism with a concomitant emergence of a sense of ,Europeanness' or a European ,identity' as advocated in the Commission's work programme for the White Paper on European Governance was misguided. Drawing on empirical research into the activities of women's organizations in Greece, Ireland and the UK, it is argued that the extent to which EU level action may [source] The global financial crisis of 2008,2009: an opportunity for development studies?JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT, Issue 6 2010James Copestake Abstract This paper draws upon the five other papers presented in this volume, along with other presentations made at the 2009 Development Studies Association Conference, to reflect on the relationship between development studies and the 2008,2009 global financial crisis. It first analyses antecedents to the crisis by relating the papers presented by Gore (on long waves of capitalism) and Fischer (on China's integration into the world economy) to a Polanyian analysis. It then considers immediate policy responses with particular reference to India (based on the conference presentation by Mehrotra), China (based on the paper by de Haan) and the 2009 DFID White Paper. Third, it considers two possible additional sources of finance for developing countries: South Korean aid (discussed by Chun et al.) and new forms of international money (discussed by Hudson). The paper concludes that while the crisis is a reminder of structural global economic interconnectedness a challenge for development studies is to combine this fact with analysis that is also interdisciplinary, multi-tiered and policy relevant. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Making globalization work for the poor: the 2000 White Paper reconsideredJOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT, Issue 7 2004Adrian Wood Most aspects of the argument of the UK government's 2000 White Paper on globalization and development stand up reasonably well to the findings of subsequent research. But there is significant new evidence in two areas: the size of the contribution of institutions to growth; and the complexity of the effects of increased openness on poor people. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Advancing Accountability: Moving Toward Victim RestorationJUVENILE AND FAMILY COURT JOURNAL, Issue 4 2006VALERIE BENDER ABSTRACT One of the goals of Pennsylvania's juvenile justice system is the "imposition of accountability" for offenses committed. This White Paper, originally published in 2006, takes the position that true accountability requires juvenile offenders to repair the harm caused by their offending behavior and to understand and acknowledge the wrongfulness of their actions, their responsibility for causing harm, and the impact of the crime on the crime victim and community. It identifies system responsibilities, restorative practices, and outcomes relative to accountability. This White Paper was the result of debate among focus group participants under the auspices of the State Advisory Group. [source] Advancing Competency Development: A White Paper for PennsylvaniaJUVENILE AND FAMILY COURT JOURNAL, Issue 2 2006PATRICIA TORBET ABSTRACT One of the fundamental purposes of Pennsylvania's juvenile justice system is to develop "competencies" in delinquent youth. But what does that mean? Why is it important? How is it done? The White Paper. originally published in 2005, attempted to answer those questions, articulating basic principles and identifying research-supported practices for competency development, the least understood of the three balanced and restorative justice goals. Practitioners and policy makers in other states who are interested in helping juvenile offenders acquire the knowledge and skills they need to become productive, connected, and law-abiding community members will find it directly relevant. [source] Tort, regulation and environmental liabilityLEGAL STUDIES, Issue 1 2002Maria Lee This paper considers certain proposals made by the European Commission on environmental liability, particularly in its White Paper on Environmental Liability. Civil liability has made a relatively minor contribution to environmental policy in recent decades, given its many well-known shortcomings when applied to environmental problems. Its usefulness, however, is being reassessed, given something of a consensus that traditional forms of regulation are reaching the limits of their effectiveness and that new approaches to environmental law are necessary. This paper will consider how the White Paper would move beyond the limitations of existing civil liability frameworks, in particular the fundamental incompatibility between the interests recognised in English tort law and the interests at stake in environmental protection. The Commission's recent retreat from the more ambitious elements of the White Paper may be a matter of concern. [source] Critical Discourse Analysis in Political Studies: An Illustrative Analysis of the ,Empowerment' AgendaPOLITICS, Issue 2 2010Michael Farrelly In the first sections of this article I give a simple and general account of critical discourse analysis (CDA) and how it might contribute to the theoretical and methodological repertoire of political studies through its discourse-dialectical theory of how discourse figures as an aspect of social practices without reducing those practices to discourse. In the final section I give a short illustrative example of how a CDA approach to detailed textual analysis might also be applied to specific texts (or groups of texts) in the political arena: in the example I take the press release in which the national UK government heralded its recent ,empowerment' White Paper, ,Communities in Control'. [source] Frontiers in glycomics: Bioinformatics and biomarkers in disease An NIH White Paper prepared from discussions by the focus groups at a workshop on the NIH campus, Bethesda MD (September 11,13, 2006)PROTEINS: STRUCTURE, FUNCTION AND BIOINFORMATICS, Issue 1 2008Nicolle H. Packer Professor Abstract Key issues relating to glycomics research were discussed after the workshop entitled "Frontiers in Glycomics: Bioinformatics and Biomarkers in Disease" by two focus groups nominated by the organizers. The groups focused on two themes: (i) glycomics as the new frontier for the discovery of biomarkers of disease and (ii) requirements for the development of informatics for glycomics and glycobiology. The mandate of the focus groups was to build consensus on these issues and develop a summary of findings and recommendations for presentation to the NIH and the greater scientific community. A list of scientific priorities was developed, presented, and discussed at the workshops. Additional suggestions were solicited from workshop participants and collected using the workshop mailing list. The results are summarized in this White Paper, authored by the co-chairs of the focus groups. [source] Regulation of Government: Has it Increased, is it Increasing, Should it be Diminished?PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION, Issue 2 2000Christopher Hood This article examines arms-length ,regulation' of UK government , the public-sector analogy to regulation of business firms , and assesses the precepts for public-sector regulation embodied in the Blair Labour government's official vision of public-man-agement reform, its Modernising Government White Paper of 1999. As a background to assessing the recipes for public-sector regulation in Modernising Government, the article shows that such regulation grew markedly both in the two decades up to 1997 and in the plans and activities of the Blair government from 1997 to 1999. Against that background, the design principles for public-sector regulation contained in Modernising Government are assessed. The White Paper was notable for embracing a doctrine of ,enforced self-regulation' for the public sector that involved aspirations to both more and less public-sector regulation in the future. It put its faith in a mixture of oversight and mutuality for ,regulating regulation'. But in spite of the radical-sounding tone of Modernising Government, the measures proposed appeared limited and half-hearted, and two well-known institutional design principles for regulation seemed to be missing altogether from the Blair government's view of administrative ,modernity'. [source] Association of Community Health Nursing Educators: Disaster Preparedness White Paper for Community/Public Health Nursing EducatorsPUBLIC HEALTH NURSING, Issue 4 2008Sandra W. Kuntz ABSTRACT The Association of Community Health Nursing Educators (ACHNE) has developed a number of documents designed to delineate the scope and function of community/public health nursing educators, researchers, and practitioners. In response to societal issues, increased emphasis on disaster preparedness in nursing and public health, and requests from partner organizations to contribute to curriculum development endeavors regarding disaster preparedness, the ACHNE Disaster Preparedness Task Force was appointed in spring 2007 for the purpose of developing this document. Task Force members developed a draft of the document in summer and fall 2007, input was solicited and received from ACHNE members in fall 2007, and the document was approved and published in January 2008. The members of ACHNE extend their appreciation to the members of the Emergency Preparedness Task Force for their efforts: Pam Frable, N.D., R.N.; Sandra Kuntz, Ph.D., C.N.S.-B.C. (Chair); Kristine Qureshi, D.N.Sc., C.E.N., R.N.; Linda Strong, Ed.D., R.N. This white paper is aimed at meeting the needs of community/public health nursing educators and clarifying issues for the nursing and public health communities. ACHNE is committed to promotion of the public's health through ensuring leadership and excellence in community and public health nursing education, research, and practice. [source] The Continuing Value of Relief for Directors' Breach of DutyTHE MODERN LAW REVIEW, Issue 2 2003Rod Edmunds The nature and scope of relief for directors in breach of their duties did not figure prominently in the Steering Group's fundamental review of company law. Little is proposed beyond removing one of the two pre-conditions for relief laid down in section 727 of the Companies Act 1985; the requirement of reasonableness. This article seeks to subject the relieving discretion to a more radical re-appraisal. Drawing upon the views expressed by its architects together with the current judicial approach adopted towards the provision, it is argued that its underlying rationale would be better met if the test for relief was based solely upon the court's determination of fairness. It will be demonstrated that such a model would better serve to bolster the fundamental tenets of transparency, simplicity and accessibility that underpin the approach of the Government's White Paper towards company law reform while also reinforcing the continuing value of relief. [source] Financial Issues Constraining the Use of Pancreata Recovered for Islet Transplantation: A White PaperAMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION, Issue 8 2008J. F. Markmann Islet transplantation is a very promising therapy for select patients with type 1 diabetes. Continued clinical investigation is required to define the long-term safety and efficacy outcomes before the procedure will be accepted as a standard of care even for those with the most severe manifestations of diabetes. Threatening successful accomplishment of these and other innovative studies designed to advance the field are the complex financial cost accounting issues that pose undue burden on organ procurement organizations and transplant centers trying to manage the costs of the pancreata from deceased donors needed to isolate islets. Compounding the problem is the recent ruling by CMS regarding ,intent to transplant' (CMS-1543-R Dec. 21, 2006: Allocation of Donor Acquisition Costs Incurred by Organ Procurement Organizations) that does not account for the clinical need to complete the manufacturing process for islets before suitability and transplant intent of the pancreata involved can be determined. We provide a consensus document supported by a diverse group of stakeholders in islet transplantation to suggest actions to address this problem. [source] New policies create a new politics: issues of institutional design in climate change policyAUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL & RESOURCE ECONOMICS, Issue 2 2010Henry Ergas Institutional design focuses on the task of providing accountability and effective monitoring of decision-making by bodies vested with the coercive powers of the state in a context where information is inherently limited, costly to acquire and asymmetrically distributed. This paper focuses on issues of institutional design in the context of climate change policy. It examines proposals advanced in the June 2008 Draft and Final Reports of the Garnaut Climate Change Review (,Garnaut Reports'), and in the Government's July 2008 Green Paper and December 2008 White Paper on the Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme (,Green and White Papers') with respect to how revenues raised by the sale of emissions permits would be used; and second, the proposed governance arrangements for the emissions trading scheme. [source] Enduring Tensions in the 2000 Defence White PaperAUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF POLITICS AND HISTORY, Issue 4 2003Michael O'Keefe In 2000 the Howard government formed a consultative committee to review defence policy and gauge public opinion on defence issues. It concentrated on the impact of budgetary stringency and dramatic strategic change and supported increased defence spending on equipment to cater for high-level threats. Was there a thorough review? Inconsistencies occurred in the reports developed from the review and statements made by senior policy-makers while it was being conducted. The way the review was undertaken points to conceptual tensions in Australia's strategic culture and serious problems with entrenched interests in the services. Unless these challenges are addressed, a thorough review of defence policy cannot be undertaken. The review process itself needs to be reviewed. [source] Dermatology outpatient case-mix survey for all Welsh Trusts, 2007BRITISH JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, Issue 1 2010G.M. Hill Summary Background, In 2006 a U.K. government White Paper recommended making NHS care in England more accessible by shifting services from secondary care into community settings. There is a shortage of contemporary activity data for U.K. dermatology units to allow benchmarking for service development. This study will not only provide useful comparative data for the future in Wales, but will also serve to highlight the impact of changes made in England. Objective, To provide an overview of 1 week's dermatology outpatient activity for the whole of Wales. Methods, All dermatology units in Wales collected data for 1 week in early 2007. The case mix, appropriateness of referral, requirement for surgery or second-line therapies and follow-up requirements were all determined. Results, A total of 2142 patients were seen. Of new patients, 21% had skin cancer. Seventeen per cent of skin cancers had no diagnosis suggested by the general practitioner (GP) and 10% of basal cell carcinomas, 33% of squamous cell carcinomas and 17% of malignant melanomas were inappropriately diagnosed. In all, 26% of new patients had benign lesions, and this group caused the greatest diagnostic difficulty for GPs. Seventy-one per cent of these patients were diagnosed, reassured and discharged at their first visit without the need for biopsy or surgery. Thirty-seven per cent of new patients required surgery, of which 21% required complex intervention. Twenty-six per cent of follow-up patients were receiving second-line therapies. The new to follow-up ratio varied considerably according to diagnosis, the mean ratio being 1 : 0·21 for benign lesions through to 1 : 5·53 for psoriasis. This highlights the inappropriate nature of a ,one fits all' ratio. The majority of follow-up patients in secondary care required this level of input for monitoring of cancer, complex second-line therapies or surgery. Conclusions, This study provides evidence to support logical planning of dermatological services and to assess the impact of proposed changes on different healthcare systems in the U.K. [source] Mental health services for people with intellectual disability: challenges to care deliveryBRITISH JOURNAL OF LEARNING DISABILITIES, Issue 2 2009Eddie Chaplin Accessible summary ,,This paper looks at how care is given to people with intellectual disability who have mental health problems. ,,The paper looks at care since Valuing People came out in 2001. ,,It shows there are not enough services for people with intellectual disability who have mental health problems. ,,It shows there are not enough services for people who have autism and mental health problems. ,,Lots of people feel that mainstream mental health services are not good enough for people with intellectual disability. Lots of people feel mainstream services could be better. ,,The paper looks at how people can get help and support in their local area and not having to move away to get help. ,,The paper looks at what services might be needed in the future. What can be done to make services better? ,,The people who pay for services are called commissioners. They should think about how they can make local services better for with intellectual disability and mental health problems. ,,Commissioners should work more together with those who support people with intellectual disability to improve services. ,,People with intellectual disability should be happy with the services they have in their local places. ,,Services need to remember that people change as they get older. ,,Services need to remember that what people want. This can change when they get older. Summary The commissioning and provision of mental health services for people with intellectual disability is often complex and characterised by different service delivery models. This paper looks at the current situation 7 years after the White Paper, Valuing People (From words into action: London learning disabilities strategic framework, Department of Health, London), within the context of the National Service Framework for Mental Health (Establishing responsible commissioner; draft guidance. HSC draft, Department of Health, London). It sets out to illustrate problems faced in providing local services in the United Kingdom for those with intellectual disability and other neurodevelopmental disorders. This paper proposes new ways of working and introduces the concept of a neurodevelopmental model designed to address gaps and inequalities within services by offering solutions that embrace joint working. [source] Environment and profitability in the reprocessing of paper in Norway: contradictory research reports in the context of circulation economicsBUSINESS STRATEGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT, Issue 6 2006Stig Ingebrigtsen Abstract In this article we study three Norwegian reports concerning the environmental problems connected to use of natural resources and production of waste. The reports are responding to political initiatives in White Paper 58 (1996,97) and White Paper 8 (1999,2000). The reports describe, analyse and give reasons for various resolution strategies with regard to excessive consumption of virgin natural resources, inefficient economic processes and irresponsible waste management. The purpose of this article is threefold. First, we present a theoretical framework that enables an integrated analysis of economic problems. We have termed the theoretical context for our analysis circulation economics. Second, we illustrate the complexity of the problems through a discussion of the three different reports concerning waste management. Third, in the context of circulation economics the different reports elucidate various aspects of the phenomenon area and the new perspective can be used to synthesize the partial findings. In addition to this, we suggest where further work has to be done in the future. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment. [source] Adaptation to climate change in the European union: efficiency versus equity considerationsENVIRONMENTAL POLICY AND GOVERNANCE, Issue 3 2010Stine Aakre Abstract EU climate policy based on reduction (mitigation) of greenhouse gas emissions is coupled with measures aimed at responding efficiently to the unavoidable consequences of climate change (adaptation). However, as the European Commission stated recently in its Green and White Papers on adaptation in Europe, there is still need to develop an overall EU adaptation strategy. Moreover, such a strategy should take into consideration both efficiency and equity concerns. In this article we propose a framework for EU adaptation policy that addresses the two concerns and which enables a transparent decision-making process. In the proposed scheme universal weightings of the individual policy objectives have to be agreed upon prior to actual decision-making. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment. [source] Changing Internal Governance: A Discussion of Leadership Roles and Management Structures in UK UniversitiesHIGHER EDUCATION QUARTERLY, Issue 4 2004Robin MiddlehurstArticle first published online: 13 DEC 200 A series of reviews over the past six years , from Dearing (NCIHE, 1997) to Lambert (Lambert, 2003) , have addressed the question of whether the structure and process of ,governance' in higher education is fit for modern times. This is a proper question to ask as operating environments change and pressures on institutional resources increase. Indeed, it is not coincidental that both the recent government-sponsored reports and those of the previous decade (Jarratt, 1985; NAB, 1987) were associated with significant financial changes in the sector. There are further parallels in that both the reports of the 1980s and those of the later period heralded legislative changes that produced , or will produce , new patterns of higher education provision in the UK (Education Reform Act, 1988; Further and Higher Education Act, 1992; Higher Education Act, 2004). The messages from the reports and White Papers (DES, 1987; DES, 1991; DfES, 2003) published in this twenty-year period have remained broadly similar, even though the wider environment has altered significantly. ,Increase efficiency, find new sources of income and improve performance across an ever-widening range of activities and services' have been the watchwords of successive governments. Given the consistency of the message, it is useful to analyse the changes that universities have been making to meet these requirements and to consider what further changes may be needed in the light of new external challenges. The first part of the paper offers a historical perspective before addressing the evolution of leadership roles and management structures from the late 1980s. The second part considers some of the current drivers of internal and external change before discussing the kind of changes in internal governance that are emerging and that should be considered for the future. I conclude by arguing for a shift in focus from structure and roles to people and processes in the task of leading change in universities. [source] New policies create a new politics: issues of institutional design in climate change policyAUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL & RESOURCE ECONOMICS, Issue 2 2010Henry Ergas Institutional design focuses on the task of providing accountability and effective monitoring of decision-making by bodies vested with the coercive powers of the state in a context where information is inherently limited, costly to acquire and asymmetrically distributed. This paper focuses on issues of institutional design in the context of climate change policy. It examines proposals advanced in the June 2008 Draft and Final Reports of the Garnaut Climate Change Review (,Garnaut Reports'), and in the Government's July 2008 Green Paper and December 2008 White Paper on the Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme (,Green and White Papers') with respect to how revenues raised by the sale of emissions permits would be used; and second, the proposed governance arrangements for the emissions trading scheme. [source] Detection of Pretreated Fingerprint Fluorescence Using an LED-based Excitation SystemJOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES, Issue 4 2008Masahisa Takatsu Ph.D. Abstract:, Optimization of a light emitting diode (LED)-based excitation system for the detection of pretreated fingerprint fluorescence is described. Fluorescent ridges can usually be excited by irradiation with forensic light sources such as xenon arc lamps or quartz-halogen lamps with high-power output and suitable filters. However, they are too expensive for many crime laboratories in smaller organizations. We concentrated on LEDs which have advantages over conventional light sources in that they are simpler and of lower cost, but the power output and quality of each individual LED unit is not sufficient for the detection of weak fluorescent ridges. To resolve this subject, blue and green LED arrays composed of ninety LED units were adopted and suitable low pass filters for them were designed. An experimental system, consisting of blue and green LED arrays with the suitable low pass filters for illumination, high pass filters for viewing, a digital camera and a computer, was tested. The fluorescent images of cyanoacrylate ester fumed/rhodamine 6G stained fingerprint on white polyethylene sheet and weak fluorescent ridges of ninhydrin/indium chloride treated fingerprint on white paper were successfully detected and photographed. It was shown that the improvement of LED beam in intensity and quality can compensate the disadvantages, resulting in well-contrasted images. [source] Idealized design of perinatal careJOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE RISK MANAGEMENT, Issue S1 2006Faith McLellan PhD Idealized Design of Perinatal Care is an innovation project based on the principles of reliability science and the Institute for Healthcare Improvement's (IHI's) model for applying these principles to improve care.1 The project builds upon similar processes developed for other clinical arenas in three previous IHI Idealized Design projects. The Idealized Design model focuses on comprehensive redesign to enable a care system to perform substantially better in the future than the best it can do at present. The goal of Idealized Design of Perinatal Care is to achieve a new level of safer, more effective care and to minimize some of the risks identified in medical malpractice cases. The model described in this white paper, Idealized Design of Perinatal Care, represents the Institute for Healthcare Improvement's best current assessment of the components of the safest and most reliable system of perinatal care. The four key components of the model are: 1) the development of reliable clinical processes to manage labor and delivery; 2) the use of principles that improve safety (i.e., preventing, detecting, and mitigating errors); 3) the establishment of prepared and activated care teams that communicate effectively with each other and with mothers and families; and 4) a focus on mother and family as the locus of control during labor and delivery. Reviews of perinatal care have consistently pointed to failures of communication among the care team and documentation of care as common factors in adverse events that occur in labor and delivery. They are also prime factors leading to malpractice claims.2 Two perinatal care "bundles", a group of evidence-based interventions related to a disease or care process that, when executed together, result in better outcomes than when implemented individually , are being tested in this Idealized Design project: the Elective Induction Bundle and the Augmentation Bundle. Experience from the use of bundles in other clinical areas, such as care of the ventilated patient, has shown that reliably applying these evidence-based interventions can dramatically improve outcomes.3 The assumption of this innovation work is that the use of bundles in the delivery of perinatal care will have a similar effect. The authors acknowledge that other organizations have also been working on improving perinatal care through the use of simulation training and teamwork and communication training. IHI's model includes elements of these methods. The Idealized Design of Perinatal Care project has two phases. Sixteen perinatal units from hospitals around the US participated in Phase I, from February to August 2005. The goals of Phase I were identifying changes that would make the most impact on improving perinatal care, selecting elements for each of the bundles, learning how to apply IHI's reliability model to improve processes, and improving the culture within a perinatal unit. This white paper provides detail about the Idealized Design process and examines some of the initial work completed by teams. Phase II, which began in September 2005, expands on this work. This phase focuses particularly on managing second stage labor, including common interpretation of fetal heart monitoring, developing a reliable tool to identify harm, and ensuring that patient preferences are known and honored. [source] Dietary interventions in Finland, Norway and Sweden: nutrition policies and strategiesJOURNAL OF HUMAN NUTRITION & DIETETICS, Issue 2 2002G. Roos Aims To describe the organization and implementation of nutrition policies, and examine intervention strategies for dietary change in three Scandinavian countries. Methods Descriptions of nutrition policies and dietary intervention strategies are based on published nutrition policy research and reports. Results All countries studied have adopted formal nutrition policies. Norway issued its first white paper in 1976, the Finnish National Nutrition Council published an action plan in 1989, and the Swedish Government issued an official action plan in 1995. Norway has a centralized National Nutrition Council with a permanent administration whereas the responsibilities and administration are more spread out between several authorities and groups in Finland and Sweden. Amongst the dietary intervention strategies employed, a Norwegian nutrition campaign, symbol labelling of foods in Sweden, the community-based North Karelia Project in Finland, and mass catering in Finland and Sweden have been selected as potentially transferable. Conclusions Policy documents serve as guidelines for activities and assist in achieving dietary targets. A responsible administrative body with advice from a standing expert committee is valuable for implementation. Guidelines, recommendations or voluntary labelling standards can be incentives to product development and changes to food production. Regional demonstration projects may also encourage action and collaboration. [source] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||