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White Adults (white + adult)
Selected Abstracts"I'm Not Prejudiced, but . . .": Compensatory Egalitarianism in the 2008 Democratic Presidential PrimaryPOLITICAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 4 2010Corinne Moss-Racusin The historic 2008 Democratic presidential primary race between Barack Obama and Hillary Clinton posed a difficult choice for egalitarian White voters, and many commentators speculated that the election outcome would reflect pitting the effects of racism against sexism (Steinem, 2008). Because self-reported prejudices may be untrustworthy, we used the Implicit Association Test (IAT) to assess White adults' (1) condemnation of prejudices, and (2) attitudes toward the candidates in relation to voting decisions, as part of an online survey. Results supported the proposed compensatory egalitarianism process, such that Whites' voting choice was consistent with their implicit candidate preference, but in an effort to remain egalitarian, participants compensated for this preference by automatically condemning prejudice toward the other candidate's group. Additional findings showed that this process was moderated by participants' ethnicity and level of prejudice, as expected. Specifically, compensatory egalitarianism occurred primarily among Whites and individuals low in explicit prejudice. Implications for candidate support, aversive racism theory, and implicit compensation processes are discussed. [source] Effects of Poverty and Lack of Insurance on Perceptions of Racial and Ethnic Bias in Health CareHEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH, Issue 3 2008Irena Stepanikova Objective. To investigate whether poverty and lack of insurance are associated with perceived racial and ethnic bias in health care. Data Source. 2001 Survey on Disparities in Quality of Health Care, a nationally representative telephone survey. We use data on black, Hispanic, and white adults who have a regular physician (N=4,556). Study Design. We estimate multivariate logistic regression models to examine the effects of poverty and lack of health insurance on perceived racial and ethnic bias in health care for all respondents and by racial, ethnic, and language groups. Principal Findings. Controlling for sociodemographic and other factors, uninsured blacks and Hispanics interviewed in English are more likely to report racial and ethnic bias in health care compared with their privately insured counterparts. Poor whites are more likely to report racial and ethnic bias in health care compared with other whites. Good physician,patient communication is negatively associated with perceived racial and ethnic bias. Conclusions. Compared with their more socioeconomically advantaged counterparts, poor whites, uninsured blacks, and some uninsured Hispanics are more likely to perceive that racial and ethnic bias operates in the health care they receive. Providing health insurance for the uninsured may help reduce this perceived bias among some minority groups. [source] Relationships of serum free thyroxine and erythrocyte measures in euthyroid HFE C282Y homozygotes and control subjects: the HEIRS StudyINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LABORATORY HEMATOLOGY, Issue 3 2010J. C. BARTON Summary Hemoglobin (Hb) levels and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) are abnormal in some persons with hemochromatosis or thyroid disorders. We sought to determine whether serum free thyroxine (T4) affects erythrocyte measures in euthyroid adults with or without C282Y homozygosity. We evaluated 488 white HFE C282Y homozygotes and controls (no HFE C282Y or H63D; normal serum iron measures) identified in screening; we excluded those with thyroid disorders, anemia, erythrocytosis, or serum ferritin (SF) <34 pmol/l. In the remaining 141 C282Y homozygotes and 243 controls, we evaluated correlations of log10 free T4 with Hb, RBC, MCV, and red blood cell distribution width (RDW). C282Y homozygotes had lower mean age, higher mean Hb, MCV, and log10 SF, and lower mean RBC and RDW than controls; mean log10 free T4 did not differ significantly. In HFE C282Y homozygotes, there was no significant correlation of log10 T4 with erythrocyte measures. In controls, there was a positive correlation of log10 T4 with Hb (P = 0.0096) and a negative correlation with RDW (P = 0.0286). Among euthyroid white adults without iron deficiency, there are significant correlations of log10 free T4 with Hb and RDW in controls, but not in HFE C282Y homozygotes. [source] Black and White Differences in Cognitive Function Test Scores: What Explains the Difference?JOURNAL OF AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY, Issue 12 2004Kala M. Mehta DSc Several studies have reported that older black and Latino adults have lower cognitive function test scores than older white adults, but few have comprehensively examined reasons for score differences. This study evaluates whether differences in health and socioeconomic indicators, including literacy level, can explain differences in cognitive function test scores between older black and white adults. [source] ,Everybody's entitled to their own opinion': ideological dilemmas of liberal individualism and active citizenship,JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY & APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 2 2007Susan Condor Abstract Conversational interview accounts were used to explore everyday understandings of political participation on the part of young white adults in England. Analysis focussed on dilemmatic tensions within respondents' accounts between values of active citizenship and norms of liberal individualism. Respondents could represent community membership as engendering rights to political participation, whilst also arguing that identification with local or national community militates against the formulation of genuine personal attitudes and rational political judgement. Respondents could represent political participation as a civic responsibility, whilst also casting political campaigning as an illegitimate attempt to impose personal opinions on to others. Formal citizenship education did not appear to promote norms of political engagement but rather lent substance to the argument that political decision-making should be based on the rational application of technical knowledge rather than on public opinion or moral principle. In conclusion we question whether everyday understandings of responsible citizenship necessarily entail injunctions to political action. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Prevalence, morbidity and service need among South Asian and white adults with intellectual disability in Leicestershire, UKJOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH, Issue 4 2002C. W. McGrother Abstract Background Previous reports have suggested that South Asian and white UK populations have different prevalences of intellectual disability (ID), related psychological morbidity and service use. The aim of the present study was to compare these rates among South Asian and white adults in Leicestershire, UK. Method This cross-sectional study is comprised of two parts. The analysis of prevalence is based on data from all South Asian and white adults known to the Leicestershire Learning Disabilities Register in 1991, with population denominators being drawn from the 1991 census. The other analyses use data collected from the most recent semi-structured home interviews, carried out between 1987 and 1998, with 206 South Asian and 2334 white adults. Results The prevalence of ID in adults in Leicestershire is 3.20 per 1000 in South Asians and 3.62 per 1000 in whites. Among adults with ID, South Asians have similar prevalences of disabilities to whites and significantly lower skill levels. South Asians show similar levels of psychological morbidity, but make significantly lower use than whites of psychiatric services, residential care and respite care. South Asians use community services as extensively as whites, but feel that they have a substantially greater unmet need, especially with regard to social services. Conclusion South Asian and white populations have similar prevalences of ID and related psychological morbidity. Culturally appropriate services for South Asian adults may need to focus on skill development and community care. [source] The trend of mean BMI values of US adults, birth cohorts 1882,1986 indicates that the obesity epidemic began earlier than hitherto thoughtAMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY, Issue 5 2010John Komlos Background: The trend in the body mass index (BMI) values of the US population has not been estimated accurately because the time series data are unavailable and the focus has been on calculating period effects. Objectives: To estimate the trend and rate of change of BMI values by birth cohorts stratified by gender and ethnicity born 1882,1986. Methods: We use loess additive regression models to estimate age and trend effects of BMI values of US-born black and white adults measured between 1959 and 2006. We use all the National Health Examination Survey and National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data. Results: The increase in BMI was already underway among the birth cohorts of the early 20th century. The rate of increase was fastest among black females; for the three other groups under consideration, the rates of increase were similar. The generally persistent upward trend was punctuated by upsurges, particularly after each of the two world wars. The estimated rate of change of BMI values increased by 71% among black females between the birth cohorts 1955 and those of 1965 is indicative of the rapid increases in their weight. Conclusions: We infer that transition to postindustrial weights was a gradual process and began considerably earlier than hitherto supposed. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 22:631,638, 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] | ||||||||||