Home About us Contact
|
Home About us Contact | ||
|
|
||
Well-known Cause (well-known + cause)
Selected AbstractsEpidemiology of gestational diabetes mellitus and its association with Type 2 diabetesDIABETIC MEDICINE, Issue 2 2004A. Ben-Haroush Abstract Gestational diabetes (GDM) is defined as carbohydrate intolerance that begins or is first recognized during pregnancy. Although it is a well-known cause of pregnancy complications, its epidemiology has not been studied systematically. Our aim was to review the recent data on the epidemiology of GDM, and to describe the close relationship of GDM to prediabetic states, in addition to the risk of future deterioration in insulin resistance and development of overt Type 2 diabetes. We found that differences in screening programmes and diagnostic criteria make it difficult to compare frequencies of GDM among various populations. Nevertheless, ethnicity has been proven to be an independent risk factor for GDM, which varies in prevalence in direct proportion to the prevalence of Type 2 diabetes in a given population or ethnic group. There are several identifiable predisposing factors for GDM, and in the absence of risk factors, the incidence of GDM is low. Therefore, some authors suggest that selective screening may be cost-effective. Importantly, women with an early diagnosis of GDM, in the first half of pregnancy, represent a high-risk subgroup, with an increased incidence of obstetric complications, recurrent GDM in subsequent pregnancies, and future development of Type 2 diabetes. Other factors that place women with GDM at increased risk of Type 2 diabetes are obesity and need for insulin for glycaemic control. Furthermore, hypertensive disorders in pregnancy and afterwards may be more prevalent in women with GDM. We conclude that the epidemiological data suggest an association between several high-risk prediabetic states, GDM, and Type 2 diabetes. Insulin resistance is suggested as a pathogenic linkage. It is possible that improving insulin sensitivity with diet, exercise and drugs such as metformin may reduce the risk of diabetes in individuals at high risk, such as women with polycystic ovary syndrome, impaired glucose tolerance, and a history of GDM. Large controlled studies are needed to clarify this issue and to develop appropriate diabetic prevention strategies that address the potentially modifiable risk factors. Diabet. Med. 20, ***,*** (2003) [source] Deficiency of KIT-positive cells in the colon of patients with diabetes mellitusJOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY, Issue 6 2002MASANORI NAKAHARA Abstract Background Diabetes mellitus is a well-known cause of gastrointestinal dysmotility. The pathogenesis of diabetic gastroenteropathy is mainly considered to be a neuropathy, but the cause of dysmotility remains unknown. Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC), which express c-kit receptor tyrosine kinase (KIT), are considered to be pacemaker cells for the gastrointestinal movement. Therefore, we investigated a possible involvement of ICC in the pathogenesis of diabetic gastroenteropathy in humans. Methods The KIT-positive cells in the proper muscle layer of the colon were detected by immunohistochemistry in patients with diabetes mellitus and normal control subjects. Mast cells, which are also known to express KIT, were detected by staining with Alcian blue. The numbers of KIT-positive cells and Alcian blue-positive cells in the proper muscle layer were counted under the microscope and the number of KIT-positive cells apart from Alcian blue-positive cells was calculated. Results In the normal control subjects, KIT-positive cells were located at the myenteric plexus region and in the circular muscle layer of the colon. Their distribution pattern was similar to that of ICC. The average number of KIT-positive cells, apart from mast cells (which reflects the number of ICC), in patients with diabetes mellitus was approximately 40% of that found in normal subjects. Conclusions Deficiency of ICC might be related to the pathogenesis of diabetic gastroenteropathy in humans. [source] Cardiac tamponade caused by spontaneous rupture of mediastinal lymph node metastasis of hepatocellular carcinomaJOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY, Issue 6 2001Shuichi Seki Abstract Rupture of a hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a well-known cause of death in patients with HCC. This report describes a rare case of HCC presenting as cardiac tamponade caused by a spontaneous rupture of mediastinal lymph node metastasis into the pericardial space. A transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) of internal thoracic artery successfully controlled the bleeding, and the patient was rescued from cardiac tamponade. Although there was no rebleeding, the patient died from liver failure 2 months later. An autopsy revealed a poorly differentiated HCC in the liver, lung and mediastinal lymph nodes. [source] An outbreak of pneumonia associated with S. pneumoniae at a military training facility in Finland in 2006APMIS, Issue 7 2009ANNI VAINIO Streptococcus pneumoniae is a well-known cause of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia. The purpose of this study was to assess the cause and extent of the outbreak of pneumonia which occurred among military recruits following a 1-week hard encampment in Finland. We also assessed the carriage rate and molecular characteristics of the S. pneumoniae isolates. All pneumococcal isolates were studied for antibiotic susceptibility, serotyped, genotyped by multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and the presence of pneumococcal rlrA pilus islet was detected. The genotype results defined by MLST corresponded with the serotype results. S. pneumoniae serotype 7F, ST2331, seemed to be associated with an outbreak of pneumonia and nasopharyngeal carriage among 43 military recruits. Of the 43 military recruits, five (12%) were hospitalized with pneumonia and two (40%) of them were positive for S. pneumoniae serotype 7F, ST2331 by blood culture. Eighteen (42%) of the 43 men were found to be positive for S. pneumoniae by nasopharyngeal culture, and nine (50%) of them carried pneumococcal serotype 7F, ST2331. The outbreak strain covered 55% of all the pneumococcal findings. Outbreaks of invasive pneumococcal disease seem to occur in a crowded environment such as a military training facility even among previously healthy young men. [source] Analysis of allergens in metalworking fluidsCONTACT DERMATITIS, Issue 5 2008Maj-Len Henriks-Eckerman Background:, Metalworking fluids (MWFs) are well-known causes of occupational contact dermatitis in machinists. Objective:, To gain information about skin sensitizers in MWFs and to compare it with the information in safety data sheets (SDSs). Methods:, A total of 17 samples of MWF concentrates were analysed for skin sensitizers known or suspected to be used in MWF. Alkanolamines, formaldehyde, isothiazolinones, methyldibromo glutaronitrile (MDBGN), and iodopropynyl butylcarbamate (IPBC) were separated by liquid chromatography. Resin acids of colophonium (colophony) were separated by gas chromatography. The substances were identified with mass spectrometric detection and ultraviolet detection. Results:, Of the MWFs, 15 contained 6,39% of alkanolamines, mostly monoethanolamine and triethanolamine. Formaldehyde was detected in all MWFs: the concentrations of total formaldehyde ranged between 0.002% and 1.3%. Benzisothiazolinone and octylisothiazolinone were detected in one fluid each. IPBC was detected in nine MWFs, and the highest concentration was 0.09%. Methylisothiazolinone and MDBGN were not detected in any of the fluids. Resin acids of colophonium were detected in seven MWFs in concentrations ranging from 0.41% to 3.8%. On the whole, the allergens analysed were poorly declared in the SDSs. Conclusions:, The content of total formaldehyde was not declared in any SDS. IPBC, a relatively new allergen, seems to be common in MWFs. Isothiazolinones may be relevant allergens of machinists, and they should be analysed in MWFs in case other sources are not identified. The occupational relevance of positive patch test results to MWF ingredients in machinists is difficult to determine if information in the SDSs is relied upon. [source] | ||||||||||