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Weinberg Proportions (weinberg + proportion)
Selected AbstractsMICA-STR, HLA-B haplotypic diversity and linkage disequilibrium in the Hunan Han population of southern ChinaINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMMUNOGENETICS, Issue 4 2006W. Tian Summary Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I chain-related gene A (MICA) is located 46 kb centromeric to HLA-B and encodes a stress-inducible protein. MICA allelic variation is thought to be associated with disease susceptibility and immune response to transplants. This study was aimed to investigate the haplotypic diversity and linkage disequilibrium between human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B and (GCT)n short tandem repeat in exon 5 of MICA gene (MICA-STR) in a southern Chinese Han population. Fifty-eight randomly selected nuclear families with 183 members including 85 unrelated parental samples were collected in Hunan province, southern China. HLA-B generic typing was performed by polymerase chain reaction,sequence-specific priming (PCR,SSP), and samples showing novel HLA-B-MICA-STR linkage were further typed for HLA-B allelic variation by high-resolution PCR,SSP. MICA-STR allelic variation and MICA gene deletion (MICA*Del) were detected by fluorescent PCR,size sequencing and PCR,SSP. Haplotype was determined through family segregation analysis. Statistical analysis was applied to the data of the 85 unrelated parental samples. Nineteen HLA-B specificities and seven MICA-STR allelic variants were observed in 85 unrelated parental samples, the most predominant of which were HLA-B*46, -B60, -B*13, and -B*15, and MICA*A5, MICA*A5.1 and MICA*A4, respectively. Genotype distributions of HLA-B, MICA-STR loci were consistent with Hardy,Weinberg proportions. The HLA-B-MICA-STR haplotypic phases of all 85 unrelated parental samples were unambiguously assigned, which contained 30 kinds of HLA-B, MICA-STR haplotypic combinations, nine of them have not been reported in the literature. Significant positive linkage disequilibria between certain HLA-B and MICA-STR alleles, including HLA-B*13 and MICA*A4, HLA-B*38 and MICA*A9, HLA-B*58 and MICA*A9, HLA-B*46 and MICA*A5, HLA-B*51 and MICA*A6, HLA-B*52 and MICA*A6, and HLA-B60 and MICA*A5.1, were observed. HLA-B*48 was linked to MICA*A5, MICA*A5.1 and MICA*Del. HLA-B*5801-MICA*A10 linkage was found in a family. Our data indicated a high degree of haplotypic diversity and strong linkage disequilibrium between MICA-STR and HLA-B in a southern Chinese Han population, the data will inform future studies on anthropology, donor,recipient HLA matching in clinical transplantation and HLA-linked disease association. [source] Estimation of pairwise relatedness between individuals and characterization of isolation-by-distance processes using dominant genetic markersMOLECULAR ECOLOGY, Issue 6 2003Olivier J. Hardy Abstract A new estimator of the pairwise relatedness coefficient between individuals adapted to dominant genetic markers is developed. This estimator does not assume genotypes to be in Hardy,Weinberg proportions but requires a knowledge of the departure from these proportions (i.e. the inbreeding coefficient). Simulations show that the estimator provides accurate estimates, except for some particular types of individual pairs such as full-sibs, and performs better than a previously developed estimator. When comparing marker-based relatedness estimates with pedigree expectations, a new approach to account for the change of the reference population is developed and shown to perform satisfactorily. Simulations also illustrate that this new relatedness estimator can be used to characterize isolation by distance within populations, leading to essentially unbiased estimates of the neighbourhood size. In this context, the estimator appears fairly robust to moderate errors made on the assumed inbreeding coefficient. The analysis of real data sets suggests that dominant markers (random amplified polymorphic DNA, amplified fragment length polymorphism) may be as valuable as co-dominant markers (microsatellites) in studying microgeographic isolation-by-distance processes. It is argued that the estimators developed should find major applications, notably for conservation biology. [source] Isolation and characterization of polymorphic microsatellite loci from Octodon degusMOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES, Issue 3 2009Y. F. QUAN Abstract Quantifying genetic kinship and parentage is critical to understanding the adaptive consequences of sociality. To measure fitness in a species with variable group structure, we isolated 14 microsatellite loci from Octodon degus, a semi-fossorial rodent endemic to Chile. The number of alleles per locus ranged from four to 14. Thirteen loci were in Hardy,Weinberg proportions, with values of observed heterozygosity ranging from 0.550 to 0.950. These markers provide the basis for future studies of the direct fitness consequences of sociality in O. degus. [source] Isolation and characterization of 17 microsatellite loci for the house finch (Carpodacus mexicanus)MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES, Issue 3 2009KEVIN P. OH Abstract The house finch (Carpodacus mexicanus) has emerged recently as a model species in studies of sexual selection, reproductive physiology, population genetics, and epizootic disease ecology. Here we describe 17 highly polymorphic microsatellite loci for this species. In a sample of 36 individuals, we observed an average of 16 alleles per locus and heterozygosity ranged from 0.61 to 0.97. One locus showed significant deviation from Hardy,Weinberg proportions, but no significant gametic disequilibrium was observed among any of the loci. Amplification by polymerase chain reaction was optimized under similar parameters across loci, thereby facilitating multiplexing and rapid multilocus genotyping. [source] Characterization of 12 polymorphic microsatellite markers for Georgia false indigo (Amorpha georgiana Wilbur var. georgiana), an endangered species, and their utility in other dwarf Amorpha L. speciesMOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES, Issue 1 2009SHANNON C. K. STRAUB Abstract In order to facilitate the addition of a genetic component to conservation management plans for Georgia false indigo (Amorpha georgiana var. georgiana), a rare legume of the southeastern USA, 12 polymorphic microsatellite markers were developed. No gametic disequilibrium was detected among locus pairs, but observations for five of the loci significantly deviated from expected Hardy,Weinberg proportions. Cross-species testing was successful and demonstrated the utility of the majority of the markers in congeners Amorpha georgiana var. confusa and Amorpha herbacea. The results also suggested that A. georgiana var. confusa is tetraploid rather than diploid. [source] Cross-amplification of 10 new isolated polymorphic microsatellite loci for red mullet (Mullus barbatus) in striped red mullet (Mullus surmuletus)MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES, Issue 2 2007J. A. GALARZA Abstract Ten polymorphic dinucleotide microsatellite loci were isolated and characterized for the red mullet (Mullus barbatus). Allele variability was tested on both the red mullet and its congener the striped red mullet (Mullus surmuletus). Characterization of 30 individuals of both species from the western Mediterranean showed moderate to high allelic diversity ranging from two to 26 alleles per locus (mean 10.9). Three loci showed departures from Hardy,Weinberg proportions. No evidence of significant association between genotypes at pairs of loci was observed. These polymorphic loci could be suitable for population genetic assessments of both species. [source] Isolation and characterization of microsatellite DNA markers in the malaria vector Anopheles sacharoviMOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES, Issue 3 2003M.-L. Guillemin Abstract The mosquito Anopheles sacharovi, a member of the A. maculipennis complex, is an important malaria vector in the Middle East. Here we describe the isolation of 15 microsatellite polymorphic loci from the A. sacharovi genome, displaying a high among-individual diversity (0.30,0.92) in a sample from Turkey. Seven loci displayed a significant departure from Hardy,Weinberg proportions, suggesting a substantial frequency of null alleles. The remaining eight loci are good candidates for further genetic studies in this species. [source] | ||||||||||