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Water Traps (water + trap)
Selected AbstractsTwo outbreaks of Burkholderia cepacia nosocomial infection in a neonatal intensive care unitJOURNAL OF PAEDIATRICS AND CHILD HEALTH, Issue 1-2 2008Jimmy KF Lee Background: An outbreak of Burkholderia cepacia septicaemia occurred in our neonatal unit over a 9-week period in 2001, affecting 23 babies and two died. A second outbreak lasting 8 days occurred a year later, affecting five babies. Setting: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Kuala Terengganu Hospital. Aim: To review the patient characteristics and the risk factors for septicaemia in the first outbreak. Methods: Retrospective review of records and in the first outbreak a case,control analysis with 23 matched controls for risk factors for septicaemia. Results: In the first outbreak, median birthweight was 1670 g (range 860,3760) and median gestational age was 32 weeks (range 27,41). There were 32 episodes of septicaemia, and five and two patients had two and three episodes, respectively. The mortality rate was 6.3% per septicaemic episode. Multiple logistic regression showed the presence of a prior long line was associated with first septicaemic episode (OR 7.07, 95% CI 1.37,36.47 with P = 0.019) but not prior assisted ventilation. The organism was isolated from the water of an oxygen humidifier in the delivery room, three ventilator water traps and one humidifier water trap in the neonatal unit. In the second outbreak, six episodes of septicaemia occurred in five neonates with median birthweight 2060 g and median gestational age 32.5 weeks. The organism was isolated from two ventilator water traps. Conclusion: These two outbreaks of Burkholderia cepacia subsided with general infection control measures. The sources of these two outbreaks were not identified. [source] Carbon isotope determination for separate components of heterogeneous materials using coupled thermogravimetric analysis/isotope ratio mass spectrometryRAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY, Issue 8 2008David A. C. Manning A gas-tight thermal analysis system (Netzsch STA 449C Jupiter) has been connected to an isotope ratio mass spectrometer (PDZ Europa 20-20) via an interface containing an oxidizing furnace, water trap, and gas-sampling valve. Using this system, ,13C has been measured for CO2 derived from the thermal decomposition of carbonate and oxalate minerals and organic materials at temperatures that correspond to different decomposition events. There is close agreement between measured and published ,13C values for carbonate and oxalate minerals, which have simple decarbonation reactions on heating. Cellulose and lignin-rich materials show much more complex thermal decomposition, reflecting differences in their purity and structure, and measured ,13C values vary with the temperature of gas sampling. Provided that measurements are made at temperatures that correspond to the decomposition of cellulose and lignin (indicated by maximum weight loss), internally consistent data can be obtained. However, measurements for cellulose and lignin are systematically enriched in ,13C (by up to 1.4,) with respect to those reported for reference materials, possibly due to the slower combustion kinetics (compared with EA-IRMS). Thermogravimetric analysis/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (TG-IRMS) is ideal for materials and samples for which it is not possible to use other isotopic measurement techniques, for example because of sample heterogeneity. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Ohmeda Tec 5 isoflurane vaporiser and damage to the water trap on the Draeger Primus anaesthesia machineANAESTHESIA, Issue 8 2008S. Reddy No abstract is available for this article. [source] Post-dispersal predation of Taraxacum officinale (dandelion) seedJOURNAL OF ECOLOGY, Issue 2 2005ALOIS HONEK Summary 1The importance of predation in determining the fate of post-dispersal dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) seed was investigated. Flowering, seed dispersal, seedling establishment, seed predation and seed predator abundance were recorded in 2002 and 2003, at two sites. Number of flowers were counted in 1-m2 plots, wind-borne seeds were collected in water traps, invertebrate seed predation was estimated from the rate of removal of dandelion seeds exposed on the ground and invertebrate activity density was determined by using pitfall traps. The censuses were made at 2- to 3-day intervals. 2Seed dispersal occurred 10 days after flowering. Although some seeds were blown away, 3.7,24.2 × 103 seeds m,2 fell to the ground. Four weeks after the peak in seed dispersal 0.7,3.1% of these seeds germinated. Three weeks later only 11,13% of the dispersed seed remained on the ground and most of these were damaged, the remainder presumably having been removed by predators. 3Predation of exposed seeds was low before seed dispersal but increased after its onset, in parallel with increases in the number of seeds present on the ground and in the activity density of adults of a seed-consuming carabid, Amara montivaga. 4In cafeteria experiments in which the seeds of 28 perennial and annual herbs were provided A. montivaga consumed the most dandelion seeds, followed by nine other Amara species. In no-choice experiments, under field conditions, A. montivaga consumed six seeds day,1. 5Post-dispersal predation, mainly due to aggregation of a single ground beetle species, was more important than that which occurred prior to dispersal. Although predators destroyed c. 97% of the seeds, the effect on dandelion population biology is likely to be small. 6Post-dispersal seed predation may nevertheless be important in other species, as aggregates of large invertebrate predators can consume large quantities of seed. [source] Two outbreaks of Burkholderia cepacia nosocomial infection in a neonatal intensive care unitJOURNAL OF PAEDIATRICS AND CHILD HEALTH, Issue 1-2 2008Jimmy KF Lee Background: An outbreak of Burkholderia cepacia septicaemia occurred in our neonatal unit over a 9-week period in 2001, affecting 23 babies and two died. A second outbreak lasting 8 days occurred a year later, affecting five babies. Setting: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Kuala Terengganu Hospital. Aim: To review the patient characteristics and the risk factors for septicaemia in the first outbreak. Methods: Retrospective review of records and in the first outbreak a case,control analysis with 23 matched controls for risk factors for septicaemia. Results: In the first outbreak, median birthweight was 1670 g (range 860,3760) and median gestational age was 32 weeks (range 27,41). There were 32 episodes of septicaemia, and five and two patients had two and three episodes, respectively. The mortality rate was 6.3% per septicaemic episode. Multiple logistic regression showed the presence of a prior long line was associated with first septicaemic episode (OR 7.07, 95% CI 1.37,36.47 with P = 0.019) but not prior assisted ventilation. The organism was isolated from the water of an oxygen humidifier in the delivery room, three ventilator water traps and one humidifier water trap in the neonatal unit. In the second outbreak, six episodes of septicaemia occurred in five neonates with median birthweight 2060 g and median gestational age 32.5 weeks. The organism was isolated from two ventilator water traps. Conclusion: These two outbreaks of Burkholderia cepacia subsided with general infection control measures. The sources of these two outbreaks were not identified. [source] Reduction in an almond moth Ephestia cautella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) population by means of mating disruptionPEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE (FORMERLY: PESTICIDE SCIENCE), Issue 10 2006Camilla Ryne Abstract Pheromone-based mating disruption of the almond moth (Ephestia cautella) (Walk.) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) was carried out in a chocolate factory in Sweden. Population monitoring was conducted with pheromone-baited traps and water traps. Pheromone traps showed a 94% catch reduction, and monitoring with water traps showed a significant decrease in total catch (5.0 and 1.6 individuals per trap per week before and during treatment respectively). The significance of the results was tested by fitting the observed data to a first-order autoregressive model. This made it possible to test the data with a 95% confidence interval, comparing trap catches before mating disruption treatment with trapping data during the experiment. It is suggested that this statistical approach may be used more frequently in mating disruption experiments where it is extremely difficult to control external factors and therefore equally difficult to use a comparable control plot to evaluate the treatment. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry [source] Effect of sowing date and straw mulch on virus incidence and aphid infestation in organically grown faba beans (Vicia faba)ANNALS OF APPLIED BIOLOGY, Issue 2 2009H. Saucke Abstract The effect of sowing date on aphid infestation and the incidence of aphid-transmitted viruses were investigated in organically managed, small-scale field experiments with two faba bean cultivars over 3 years (2002,04). As an additional factor, straw mulch was applied in 2 of the 3 years shortly before the start of vector activity in May. Virus incidence was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoelectron microscopy. Aphid flight activity was monitored using standard yellow water traps. Bean colonising aphids were assessed throughout the vegetation period by counting the number of plants infested with Acyrthosiphon pisum, Megoura viciae and Aphis fabae. Pea enation mosaic virus and bean yellow mosaic virus were the most abundant aphid-transmitted viruses, being detected in 22,54% and 9,69%, respectively, of the total number of virus-infected plants analysed per year. Further aphid-transmitted viruses found in faba bean were bean leaf roll virus, beet western yellows virus, clover yellow vein virus (in 2002) and soybean dwarf virus (in 2004). A. pisum was the predominant aphid species colonising faba bean plants. Early sowing compared with late sowing led to a significant reduction of the total virus incidence in faba bean in all 3 years. However, significantly decreased levels of A. pisum colonisation as a result of early sowing were observed only in 1 year and one cultivar. Irrespective of sowing date, straw mulching had no significant effects on virus incidence and aphid colonisation. Compared with late sowing, early sowing significantly increased bean yield in all 3 years and kernel weight in 2 years, whereas straw mulching had no effect on yield. [source] | ||||||||||||||||