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Voice
Kinds of Voice Terms modified by Voice Selected AbstractsTHE SOUTHERN AGRARIANS, PROGRESS, AND THE TRAGIC VOICEPOLITICS & POLICY, Issue 1 2001Christopher M. Duncan In this argument the Agrarian role in the American political drama is not necessarily the specific one implied by the dichotomy: "Agrarian versus Industrial" (Twelve Southerners [1930] 1977, xxxviii), or the policist pronouncement", that the culture of the soil is the best, and that therefore it should have the economic preference and enlist the maximum number of workers"(xlvii). Instead, this is an attempt to place them in a role similar to that played by Sophocles' Antigone,and Sophocles himself,juxtaposing them to the North's Creon. I argue that the Southern Agrarian "voice," when heard properly, makes, possible the tragic sense, adjured by America's unequivocal attachment to modernity's gospel of progress. By positioning the Agrarians in such a way the goal is to point out a way of thinking about the political world, to create a sensibility that is only possible when their voice or another like it is heard properly and with its own timbre. If the project is successful, then two aims will be realized. First, the place and role of the Southern Agrarians in the history of American political thought will be made clearer. And secondly, the history of American political thought will have been employed in part as a kind of theoretical advocacy in the service of American political theory. [source] GENDER AND ETHICS COMMITTEES: WHERE'S THE ,DIFFERENT VOICE'?BIOETHICS, Issue 3 2006DONNA DICKENSON ABSTRACT Prominent international and national ethics commissions such as the UNESCO International Bioethics Committee rarely achieve anything remotely resembling gender equality, although local research and clinical ethics committees are somewhat more egalitarian. Under-representation of women is particularly troubling when the subject matter of modern bioethics so disproportionately concerns women's bodies, and when such committees claim to derive ,universal' standards. Are women missing from many ethics committees because of relatively straightforward, if discriminatory, demographic factors? Or are the methods of analysis and styles of ethics to which these bodies are committed somehow ,anti-female'? It has been argued, for example, that there is a ,different voice' in ethical reasoning, not confined to women but more representative of female experience. Similarly, some feminist writers, such as Evelyn Fox Keller and Donna Haraway, have asked difficult epistemological questions about the dominant ,masculine paradigm' in science. Perhaps the dominant paradigm in ethics committee deliberation is similarly gendered? This article provides a preliminary survey of women's representation on ethics committees in eastern and western Europe, a critical analysis of the supposed ,masculinism' of the principlist approach, and a case example in which a ,different voice' did indeed make a difference. [source] VOICES FROM THE BARRIO: CHICANO/A GANGS, FAMILIES, AND COMMUNITIES,CRIMINOLOGY, Issue 2 2000MARJORIE S. ZATZ Based on in-depth interviews with 33 youth gang members and 20 adult neighborhood leaders and youth service providers, we explore the complicated relationships among gang members, their families, and other residents of poor Chicano/a and Mexicano/a barrios in Phoenix. Listening to the multiple voices of community members allows for a multifaceted understanding of the complexities and contradictions of gang life, both for the youths and for the larger community. We draw on a community ecology approach to help explain the tensions that develop, especially when community members vary in their desires and abilities to control gang-related activities. In this exploratory study, we point to some of the ways in which gender, age, education, traditionalism, and level of acculturation may help explain variation in the type and strength of private, parochial, and public social control within a community. [source] ALGONQUIN NOTIONS OF JURISDICTION: INSERTING INDIGENOUS VOICES INTO LEGAL SPACESGEOGRAFISKA ANNALER SERIES B: HUMAN GEOGRAPHY, Issue 3 2006Bettina Koschade ABSTRACT. Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal notions of geography, nature and space sometimes compete, and these differences can create barriers to joint environmental problem-solving. This paper examines the Ardoch Algonquin First Nation and Allies (AAFNA) and the strategies they used in juridical and legislative settings to make their voices heard. In the Tay River Ontario Environmental Review Tribunal (2000,2002), AAFNA attempted to introduced their knowledge of the environmental deterioration which would be caused by a Permit To Take Water issued to a multinational corporation by the Ontario Ministry of Environment. The paper is divided into two parts: first, it describes the concepts of Algonquin knowledge, jurisdiction and responsibility; second, it explores the strategies used to integrate their perspective into legal proceedings constructed by the Canadian government. This case reveals how some Algonquin people conceive of space and responsibility in deeply ecological, rather than narrowly juridical, terms. It establishes that their broad concepts of knowledge, land and jurisdiction are incompatible with existing Euro-Canadian divisions of legal responsibility and ecological knowledge, but at the same time can serve as the means by which they challenge the current structure of Aboriginal and Canadian relations. [source] Preventive HIV Vaccine Acceptability and Behavioral Risk Compensation among a Random Sample of High-Risk Adults in Los Angeles (LA VOICES)HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH, Issue 6 2009Peter A. Newman Objective. To assess HIV vaccine acceptability among high-risk adults in Los Angeles. Study Setting. Sexually transmitted disease clinics, needle/syringe exchange programs, Latino community health/HIV prevention programs. Study Design. Cross-sectional survey using conjoint analysis. Participants were randomly selected using three-stage probability sampling. Data Collection. Sixty-minute structured interviews. Participants rated acceptability of eight hypothetical vaccines, each with seven dichotomous attributes, and reported post-vaccination risk behavior intentions. Principal Findings. Participants (n=1164; 55.7 percent male, 82.4 percent ethnic minority, mean age=37.4 years) rated HIV vaccine acceptability from 28.4 to 88.6; mean=54.5 (SD=18.8; 100-point scale). Efficacy had the greatest impact on acceptability, followed by side effects and out-of-pocket cost. Ten percent would decrease condom use after vaccination. Conclusions. Findings support development of social marketing interventions to increase acceptability of "partial efficacy" vaccines, behavioral interventions to mitigate risk compensation, and targeted cost subsidies. [source] WATCHMEN RAISE THEIR VOICES: A TALLAGHT BOOK OF THEOLOGY edited by Vivian Boland OPNEW BLACKFRIARS, Issue 1017 2007GREGORY HEILLE OP No abstract is available for this article. [source] VOICES OF RESISTANCE: MICHAEL CACOYANNIS' THE TROJAN WOMEN (1971)BULLETIN OF THE INSTITUTE OF CLASSICAL STUDIES, Issue 1 2009ANASTASIA BAKOGIANNI First page of article [source] VOICES: BREAKING THE CORRUPTION HABITBUSINESS STRATEGY REVIEW, Issue 3 2010David De Cremer In times of crisis, it seems natural that people will work together for the common good. David De Cremer cautions us that, on the contrary, both economic and social researches prove otherwise. He proposes steps for organisations to take to prevent corrupt behaviours. [source] Timber Certification: Where Is the Voice of the Biologist?CONSERVATION BIOLOGY, Issue 4 2000Elizabeth L. Bennett No abstract is available for this article. [source] Technologies of the Voice: FM Radio, Telephone, and the Nepali Diaspora in KathmanduCULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY, Issue 3 2006Laura Kunreuther Through the public broadcast of intimate telephone conversations between Nepalis abroad and those in Kathmandu, the diaspora is made "present" in Kathmandu. On these commercial FM programs, the voice is viewed as a key sign of emotional directness, authenticity, and intimacy. Simultaneously, the figure of the voice has been central in discussions about the promises (and failures) of democracy and transparent governance. These two seemingly distinct formations of voice are mutually constitutive. Sentimental discourse about the voice reiterates modern neoliberal discourse about democracy and vice versa. Both are crucial to the formation of an urban Nepali subject in this political moment, which is deeply shaped by the figure of the diaspora. [source] Gender and the Politics of Voice: Colonial Modernity and Classical Music in South IndiaCULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY, Issue 2 2003Amanda Weidman First page of article [source] Student Knowledge, Engagement, and Voice in Educational Reform1CURRICULUM INQUIRY, Issue 4 2006DENNIS THIESSEN First page of article [source] Sound, Presence, and Power: "Student Voice" in Educational Research and ReformCURRICULUM INQUIRY, Issue 4 2006ALISON COOK-SATHER ABSTRACT Every way of thinking is both premised on and generative of a way of naming that reflects particular underlying convictions. Over the last 15 years, a way of thinking has reemerged that strives to reposition students in educational research and reform. Best documented in Australia, Canada, England, and the United States, this way of thinking is premised on the following convictions: that young people have unique perspectives on learning, teaching, and schooling; that their insights warrant not only the attention but also the responses of adults; and that they should be afforded opportunities to actively shape their education. Although these convictions mean different things to different people and take different forms in practice, a single term has emerged to capture a range of activities that strive to reposition students in educational research and reform: "student voice." In this discussion the author explores the emergence of the term "student voice," identifies underlying premises signaled by two particular words associated with the term, "rights" and "respect," and explores the many meanings of a word that surfaces repeatedly across discussions of student voice efforts but refers to a wide range of practices: "listening." The author offers this discussion not as an exhaustive or definitive analysis but rather with the goal of looking across discussions of work that advocates, enacts, and critically analyzes the term "student voice." [source] Patient Participation in Palliative Care: A Voice for the VoicelessEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CANCER CARE, Issue 2 2005DEBRA P. OLIVER msw No abstract is available for this article. [source] From European Integration to European Integrity: Should European Law Speak with Just One Voice?EUROPEAN LAW JOURNAL, Issue 3 2004Samantha Besson According to the European integrity principle, all national and European authorities should make sure their decisions cohere with the past decisions of other European and national authorities that create and implement the law of a complex but single European legal order. Only by doing so, it is argued, can the European political and legal community gain true authority and legitimacy in the eyes of the European citizens to whom all these decisions apply. Although European integrity is primarily a product of European integration, it has gradually become one of the requirements of further integration. The article suggests that the principle of European integrity would help dealing with the growing pressure for common European solutions under conditions of increasing diversity. It places disagreement at the centre of European politics, as both an incentive and a means of integration by way of comparison and self-reflectivity. It constitutes therefore the ideal instrument for a pluralist and flexible further constitutionalisation of the European Union. [source] Chinese Students in a UK Business School: Hearing the Student Voice in Reflective Teaching and Learning PracticeHIGHER EDUCATION QUARTERLY, Issue 1 2006Yvonne TurnerArticle first published online: 7 FEB 200 This paper presents the outcomes of a study carried out in 2001,2002 with nine postgraduate students from China, enrolled on taught master's programmes in a UK university business school. The aims of the research were to explore the development of the students' orientations to learning during their year of study in the UK, and to explore how the researcher's interactions with the study group contributed to her professional reflections and influenced her academic practice. The main conclusions of the project were that participants' underlying approaches to learning did not change substantially over the year, owing to the culturally implicit nature of UK academic conventions and that they experienced high levels of emotional isolation and loneliness, which affected their academic confidence. [source] Works Councils and Separations: Voice, Monopoly, and Insurance EffectsINDUSTRIAL RELATIONS, Issue 4 2010BORIS HIRSCH Using a large linked employer,employee data set for Germany, we find that the existence of a works council is associated with a lower separation rate to employment, in particular for workers with low tenure. While works council monopoly effects show up in all specifications, clear voice effects are only visible for low tenured workers. Works councils also reduce separations to nonemployment, and this impact is more pronounced for men. Insurance effects only show up for workers with tenure of more than 2 years. Our results indicate that works councils to some extent represent the interests of a specific clientele. [source] An opportunistic cross-layer architecture for voice in multi-hop wireless LANsINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS, Issue 4 2009Suhaib A. Obeidat Abstract We propose an opportunistic cross-layer architecture for adaptive support of Voice over IP in multi-hop wireless LANs. As opposed to providing high call quality, we target emergencies where it is important to communicate, even if at low quality, no matter the harshness of the network conditions. With the importance of delay on voice quality in mind, we select adaptation parameters that control the ratio of real-time traffic load to available bandwidth. This is achieved in two ways: minimizing the load and maximizing the bandwidth. The PHY/MAC interaction improves the use of the spectral resources by opportunistically exploiting rate-control and packet bursts, while the MAC/application interaction controls the demand per source through voice compression. The objective is to maximize the number of calls admitted that satisfy the end-to-end delay budget. The performance of the protocol is studied extensively in the ns-2 network simulator. Results indicate that call quality degrades as load increases and overlonger paths, and a larger packet size improves performance. For long paths having low-quality channels, forward error correction, header compression, and relaxing the delay budget of the system are required to maintain call admission and quality. The proposed adaptive protocol achieves high performance improvements over the traditional, non-adaptive approach. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Call admission control for voice over IPINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS, Issue 4 2006Huseyin Uzunalioglu Abstract Voice over Internet protocol (VoIP) is a technology that enables the transmission of voice over an IP network. Recent years have witnessed heavy investment in this area in the commercial world. For VoIP to replace Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN), it should provide voice quality comparable to circuit-switched PSTN networks. This paper addresses the mechanisms to guarantee VoIP quality of service (QoS). The focus is given to the call admission control, which blocks voice calls when the required resources are not available to guarantee the QoS for the call. We review call admission control approaches that can be applied to VoIP, and describe the advantages and disadvantages of each approach. In the second part of the paper, we present a measurement-based admission control scheme that achieves QoS in an efficient and scalable manner. The scheme uses voice traffic load measurements at each router link to compute link-level blocking policies for new call attempts. Then, these policies are translated into path-level blocking policies, which are applied to new call set-up requests. The performance of the scheme is presented for single and multiple-priority voice calls. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] A perceptual quality model intended for adaptive VoIP applications,INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS, Issue 3 2006Christian Hoene Abstract Quality models predict the perceptual quality of services as they calculate subjective ratings from measured parameters. In this article, we present a new quality model that evaluates Voice over IP (VoIP) telephone calls. In addition to packet loss rate, coding mode and delay, it takes into account the impairments due to changes in the transmission configuration (e.g. switching the coding mode or re-scheduling the playout time). Moreover, this model can be used at run time to control the transmission of such calls. It is also computationally efficient and open source. To demonstrate the potential of our model, we apply it to select the ideal coding and packet rate in bandwidth-limited environments. Furthermore, we decide, based on model predictions, whether to delay the playout of speech frames after delay spikes. Delay spikes often occur after congestion and cause packets to arrive too late. We show a considerable improvement in perceptual speech quality if our model is applied to control VoIP transmissions. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] A framework for network quality monitoring in the VoIP environmentINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NETWORK MANAGEMENT, Issue 4 2007Ana Flàvia M. de Lima Monitoring speech quality in Voice over IP (VoIP) networks is important to ensure a minimal acceptable level of speech quality for IP calls running through a managed network. Information such as packet loss, codec type, jitter, end-to-end delay and overall speech quality enables the network manager to verify and accurately tune parameters in order to adjust network problems. The present article proposes the deployment of a monitoring architecture that collects, stores and displays speech quality information about concluded voice calls. This architecture is based on our proposed MIB (Management Information Base) VOIPQOS, deployed for speech quality monitoring purposes. Currently, the architecture is totally implemented, but under adjustment and validation tests. In the future, the VOIPQOS MIB can be expanded to automatically analyze collected data and control VoIP clients and network parameters for tuning the overall speech quality of ongoing calls. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Study of delay patterns of weighted voice traffic of end-to-end users on the VoIP networkINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NETWORK MANAGEMENT, Issue 5 2002Jeong-Soo Han In this paper we study delay patterns of weighted voice traffic of end-to-end users on the Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) network. We compare the delay performance of voice traffic which varies with queue management techniques such as First-In First-Out (FIFO) and Weighted Fair Queuing (WFQ) and voice codec algorithms such as G.723 and G.729 and select an optimal algorithm. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Satellite rural communications: telephony and narrowband networksINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING, Issue 5 2005Roberto Conte Abstract Rural communications are important for large and developing countries, and telecommunications systems have been implemented depending upon the available technology at the time. Rural users do not generate the same amount of revenue as urban users do, thus lowering incentives for rural telecommunications investment with service to those regions delayed as long as possible. Voice and data communications are essential to the economic development of a region, and it has been shown that traffic increases rapidly as soon as the service is available. Satellite-based digital networks provide efficient long-distance service to rural communities at lower cost than similar land-based wired networks with acceptable quality. Small earth stations along with Wireless Local Loops can provide both local and long-distance service efficiently and at low cost, offering digital multimedia services on a global scale. This paper focuses on the description of different narrowband technologies used to service rural communities, namely basic telephone and low-bit-rate data (<64 kbps) applications through the use of satellite and terrestrial wireless systems. A basic network economic planning description is presented, and important parameters such as satellite network size, topology and multiple access are identified in order to improve the process of effective and cost-efficient rural communications network design. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Tempus Fugit: Voice, Intentionality, and Formal Invention in Augustine and MonteverdiJOURNAL OF AESTHETICS AND ART CRITICISM, Issue 2 2008STÅLE WIKSHÅLAND First page of article [source] Effect of Gender on Communication of Health Information to Older AdultsJOURNAL OF AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY, Issue 4 2006Jennifer L. Dearborn BA OBJECTIVES: To examine the effect of gender on three key elements of communication with elderly individuals: effectiveness of the communication, perceived relevance to the individual, and effect of gender-stereotyped content. DESIGN: Survey. SETTING: University of Connecticut Health Center. PARTICIPANTS: Thirty-three subjects (17 female); aged 69 to 91 (mean±standard deviation 82±5.4). MEASUREMENTS: Older adults listened to 16 brief narratives randomized in order and by the sex of the speaker (Narrator Voice). Effectiveness was measured according to ability to identify key features (Risks), and subjects were asked to rate the relevance (Plausibility). Number of Risks detected and determinations of plausibility were analyzed according to Subject Gender and Narrator Voice. Narratives were written for either sex or included male or female bias (Neutral or Stereotyped). RESULTS: Female subjects identified a significantly higher number of Risks across all narratives (P=.01). Subjects perceived a significantly higher number of Risks with a female Narrator Voice (P=.03). A significant Voice-by-Stereotype interaction was present for female-stereotyped narratives (P=.009). In narratives rated as Plausible, subjects detected more Risks (P=.02). CONCLUSION: Subject Gender influenced communication effectiveness. A female speaker resulted in identification of more Risks for subjects of both sexes, particularly for Stereotyped narratives. There was no significant effect of matching Subject Gender and Narrator Voice. This study suggests that the sex of the speaker influences the effectiveness of communication with older adults. These findings should motivate future research into the means by which medical providers can improve communication with their patients. [source] Managers' and Subordinates' Evaluations of Feedback Strategies: The Critical Contribution of Voice,JOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 4 2008Alf Lizzio This study investigated 87 managers' and 91 subordinates' evaluations of a range of strategies for delivering performance feedback in the workplace. The managers and subordinates rated 8 written vignettes describing different feedback strategies on a number of variables (perceived effectiveness, perceived risk, level of enactment demand, and congruence of strategy for managers). Feedback strategies that used an invitation for the subordinate to reply to the negative feedback were evaluated as more effective and managerially congruent, and less risky than were the other strategies. However, strategies requiring bidirectional communication (e.g., invitations to reply), as opposed to unidirectional communication (e.g., praise), were generally perceived as more demanding to enact. [source] Test-Taker Reactions to the Selection Process: Effects of Outcome Favorability, Explanations, and Voice on Fairness PerceptionsJOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 12 2007Florence Rolland This study examined the effects of providing an explanation and voice on fairness perceptions and reactions of test takers under favorable and unfavorable selection decisions. Participants took either a cognitive ability test or an overt integrity test in a simulated selection situation. Then, the voice manipulation was introduced. Participants were informed of the hiring decision with or without an explanation. Results showed that type of test had effects on procedural fairness perceptions such that these reactions were more positive when a cognitive ability test was used. The results of voice and explanation manipulations on fairness perceptions indicated that providing an explanation had a positive effect on perceptions but, surprisingly, face-validity perceptions were less favorable when participants had voice opportunity. [source] Youth sense of community: Voice and power in community contextsJOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 6 2007Scot D. Evans Sense of Community theory suggests that people feel more attracted to groups and settings in which they feel influential or powerful. Unfortunately, young people have no voice or influence in many of the contexts in which they find themselves. Furthermore, teenagers are often unequipped and undersupported to participate fully and feel like they are making meaningful contributions to society. This is especially the case for young people who are disadvantaged or members of a minority groups. A two-part study was undertaken to explore sense of community in adolescents. The first phase utilized existing tools to measure adolescent sense of community in school, neighborhood, and city contexts. The second phase of the study relied on in-depth interviews with teenagers to better understand how they construct their sense of community. This article reports findings from the second phase and looks closely at the sense of community domain of "influence" as it applies to adolescents. Interviews with young people suggest that they feel a stronger self-described sense of community in contexts where they experience voice and resonance, some power and influence, and adequate adult support and challenge. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comm Psychol 35: 693,709, 2007. [source] Weapons of Magic: Afghan Women Asserting Voice via the NetJOURNAL OF COMPUTER-MEDIATED COMMUNICATION, Issue 2 2003Beverly Bickel In the global struggle over discourse and knowledge after 9/11, the voices of otherwise silenced women in Afghanistan were significantly amplified on the Internet. RAWA.org demonstrates how a Web site contended with discourses of fundamentalism and war while envisioning democracy and constructing new leadership identities for women. [source] Strengthening the Voice of Family TherapyJOURNAL OF FAMILY THERAPY, Issue 1 2008Ivan Eisler First page of article [source] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||