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Vicia Faba L. (vicia + faba_l)
Selected AbstractspH, TEMPERATURE AND HYDRATION KINETICS OF FABA BEANS (VICIA FABA L.)JOURNAL OF FOOD PROCESSING AND PRESERVATION, Issue 1 2003NANOR HALADJIAN Soaking kinetics of dry faba beans was studied in the temperature range 20,65C, and at pH 3, 6, 9 and 12 by the method of weight gain until equilibrium conditions were attained. Increasing the soaking temperature from 20 to 35C resulted in a small increase in hydration rate constants as compared to that realized with further increase to 50 and 65C in the investigated range of pH. Soaking at 65C decreased the amount of water absorbed by the beans and the time at which equilibrium was attained. Beans soaked at alkaline pH exhibited higher hydration rates especially when hydration was carried out at , 50C [source] A tritrophic analysis of host preference and performance in a polyphagous leafminerENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA, Issue 2 2006Martín Videla Abstract The optimal oviposition theory predicts that oviposition preferences of phytophagous insects should correlate with host suitability for their offspring. As plant host suitability depends not only on its quality as food, but also on its provision of enemy-free space, we examined the relationship between adult host preference and offspring performance for the leafminer Liriomyza huidobrensis (Blanchard) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) on various host plants, considering also the interaction with natural enemies. Preference and offspring performance were assessed through observational field data and laboratory experiments in central Argentina. Field data suggested a positive host preference , performance linkage, as the leafminer attained larger body size on the crops where it was more abundant. Laboratory trials supported these results: Vicia faba L. (Fabaceae) was the preferred host in the laboratory as well as in the field, performance of L. huidobrensis being also best on this host, with highest survival rates and shortest development time. The actively feeding larval stage showed the largest plant-related effects. Higher overall parasitism rates were found on plants from which smaller leafminers were reared, reinforcing the preference,performance linkage. On the other hand, the main parasitoid Phaedrotoma scabriventris Nixon (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) reached larger body size, and caused higher mortality rates on crops where the leafminer was larger. Changes in abundance of particular parasitoid species could thus modify overall parasitism trends. [source] ESR detection of irradiated broad bean (Vicia faba L.) and kinetics of the radiation induced free radical and Mn2+ signalsINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, Issue 6 2003Mustafa Polat Summary An ESR (Electron Spin Resonance) investigation on irradiated dry broad bean gave a spectrum which was composed of an equally spaced sextet and a single resonance line. These lines appeared at g = 2.0045 (±0.0005) and originated from Mn2+ ions and radiation induced radicals, respectively. Ground broad bean was used throughout the work to avoid any artefacts arising from a microwave cavity filling factor. Free radical signal intensity was observed to increase exponentially in relation to the increase in absorbed dose over the dose range 1.25,15 kGy. Although the Mn2+ signal increases below room temperature, the signal due to the natural and radiation induced radicals decreases. Above room temperature, they both decreased and these decreases were irreversible. The kinetics of these decreases were studied in detail over a temperature range of 308,373 K by annealing samples at different temperatures for various times. [source] Untersuchungen an wachsenden Schweinen zum Futterwert einer neuen Ackerbohnensorte (Vicia faba L.) bei Ergänzung mit DL -Methionin oder DL -Methionin-HydroxyanalogJOURNAL OF ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY AND NUTRITION, Issue 1-2 2002HJ. ABEL Investigations in growing pigs on the feeding value of a new cultivar of field beans (Vicia faba L.) supplemented with DL -methionine or DL -methionine-hydroxyanalogue A basal control mixture of barley, soy bean meal and soy bean oil was replaced by 25% of the new field bean-cultivar `Divine' and the resulting two mixtures were supplemented with minerals, trace elements, vitamins and amino acids according to the ideal protein concept. The control diet was adjusted with DL -methionine (DL -Met), the field bean mixture either with DL -Met or DL -methionine-hydroxyanalogue (DL -MHA) assuming biological equivalence on a molar basis for both supplements. The three experimental diets were fed to growing pigs (35,40 kg bwt.). Spontaneous urine samples were analysed separately for determining parameters that characterize the acid-base status of the pigs. There were no significant differences between experimental groups in nutrient digestibilities. The level of bacterially fermentable substances was increased in the diets containing field beans. The field beans contained 14 mg ME/kg DM. There were no significant (p < 0,05) differences in N- and mineral-retentions (Ca, P, Na, K) between the treatments. The stronger alkalinity found in urine after feeding the field bean mixtures resulted from a higher electrolyte balance of the diet. Eine Kontrollration aus Gerste, Sojaschrot und Sojaöl wurde zu 25% durch Ackerbohnen der neugezüchteten Sorte `Divine' ersetzt und beide Mischungen mit Mineral- und Wirkstoffen sowie Aminosäuren ergänzt. Die Ergänzung mit Methionin erfolgte in der Kontrollmischung mit DL -Methionin, in der Ackerbohnenmischung mit DL -Methionin (DL -Met) oder DL -Methionin-Hydroxyanalog (DL -MHA) unter Zugrundelegung der molaren Wirkungsäquivalenz der beiden Supplemente. Die resultierenden drei Futtermischungen wurden in Stoffwechselversuchen an Schweine (35,40 kg LM) gefüttert. Separate Spontanharnproben wurden auf Parameter des Säure-Basen-Haushalts der Tiere untersucht. Zwischen den Versuchsgruppen traten keine signifikanten Unterschiede in den Nährstoffverdaulichkeiten auf. Die Gehalte an bakteriell fermentierbarer Substanz wurden durch Ackerbohnen erhöht. Der Gehalt der Ackerbohnen an umsetzbarer Energie lag bei 14 MJ ME/kg T. Die N- und Mineralstoffretentionen (Ca, P, Na, K) der Schweine unterschieden sich zwischen den Fütterungsgruppen nicht signifikant (p < 0,05). Die bei Ackerbohnenfütterung gesteigerte Harn-Alkalität ließ sich auf erhöhte kaliumbedingte Elektrolytbilanzen des Futters zurückführen. [source] In vitro starch digestibility of fresh and sun-dried faba beans (Vicia faba L.)JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE, Issue 8 2007Luis A Bello-Pérez Abstract Fresh and sun-dried faba beans (Vicia faba L.) were cooked, stored for various times at 4 °C and analysed for available starch (AS), resistant starch (RS) and fibre-associated resistant starch (FARS) contents as well as ,-amylolysis. Fresh beans required a shorter cooking time (25 min) than dried beans (158 min). Cooked fresh faba beans had a higher AS content than cooked dried faba beans. The AS content in both decreased during cold storage, with fresh beans showing a smaller decrease than dried beans with increasing storage time. Cooked fresh faba beans also had a higher total RS content than cooked dried faba beans, although a greater increase in RS content was recorded in the latter upon storage. Starch retrogradation was more prominent in cooked dried faba beans than in cooked fresh faba beans, as indicated by the consistently higher FARS content. The ,-amylolysis rate decreased with increasing storage time, i.e. long-stored (72 h) cooked faba beans exhibited slower starch digestion, and differences were recorded between fresh and dried beans. The predicted glycaemic index ranged between 60.9 and 58.0% for cooked fresh faba beans and between 57.9 and 55.8% for cooked dried faba beans, which is suggestive of slow glucose release from starch in faba beans. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry [source] A potent, morph-specific parturition stimulant in the overwintering host plant of the black bean aphid, Aphis fabaePHYSIOLOGICAL ENTOMOLOGY, Issue 3 2001Glen Powell Abstract. The black bean aphid, Aphis fabae Scopoli, has a host-alternating life cycle. Winged female autumn migrants (gynoparae) develop on numerous summer host plants but as adults will only colonize the winter host (spindle, Euonymus europaeus L.). When stylet activities of gynoparae were electrically recorded during access to a spindle leaf, the insects spent the majority (75%) of the 6-h experimental period penetrating the plant surface and a large proportion of it (44%) ingesting from either phloem or xylem vessels. Most (95%) gynoparae initiated reproduction on spindle, producing 4.15 ± 0.59 offspring per adult by the end of the experiment (mean ± SEM). By contrast, gynoparae placed on a seedling of their natal, summer host (broad bean, Vicia faba L.) penetrated the plant for only 39% of the available time, rarely ingested plant sap and never reproduced. The number of nymphs deposited on spindle leaves was not correlated with the occurrence or duration of ingestion from vascular tissues, suggesting that parturition stimulants are detected before feeding, probably during penetration of nonvascular cells. Presentation of an aqueous spindle extract to the aphids in artificial feeding chambers showed that water-soluble spindle factors evoke stimulation of parturition by gynoparae in 72-h bioassays. The stimulant was extremely potent, remaining active until the total extracted material was diluted to less than 10 p.p.m. Stylet activities and reproductive responses were also evaluated for summer winged females (alate virginoparae), which have a broad host range, and will colonize both bean and spindle under laboratory conditions. On both of these plant species, virginoparae often ingested plant sap and deposited nymphs during the 6-h electrical recording experiment (producing 4.60 ± 0.48 offspring on bean; 2.70 ± 0.35 on spindle: mean ± SEM), but no significant correlations were found between reproduction and the occurrence or duration of particular stylet activities. Aqueous host-plant extracts had no effect on the numbers of offspring deposited by virginoparae in artificial feeding chambers, showing that this form of the aphid is not responsive to the spindle-derived parturition stimulant. The results highlight the need for more information on the factors determining host acceptance and parturition by polyphagous aphid phenotypes. [source] Qualitative analysis and HPLC isolation and identification of procyanidins from vicia fabaPHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS, Issue 2 2004Rachid Merghem Abstract The soluble proanthocyanidins of the coloured seed coats of Vicia faba L. were isolated and separated by solvent partition. The chemical characteristics of the proanthocyanidins were elucidated by total oxidation and partial degradation in the presence of phloroglucinol followed by HPLC analysis. The native extract of proanthocyanidins contained (+)-gallocatechin, (,)-epigallocatechin, (+)-catechin and (,)-epicatechin units. Oligomeric procyanidins were puri,ed by chromatography on Sephadex LH-20 and the accessible compounds were isolated by RP-HPLC using a Licrospher Li 100 Column. The structures of the puri,ed oligomeric procyanidins were elucidated using a procedure involving TLC, UV spectroscopy, ESI-MS and HPLC analysis of the products from the phloroglucinol reaction. The major condensed tannins of Vicia faba comprise six compounds identi,ed as two A-type procyanidin dimers, the procyanidin dimers B1, B2 and B3, and a procyanidin trimer. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] | |||||||||||||