Home About us Contact
|
Home About us Contact | ||
|
|
||
Vitamins C (vitamins + c)
Selected AbstractsGrowth Performance, Immune Response, and Resistance to Streptococcus iniae of Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, Fed Diets Containing Various Levels of Vitamins C and EJOURNAL OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY, Issue 1 2010Chhorn Lim Growth, immunity, and resistance of Nile tilapia to Streptococcus iniae challenge were evaluated after feeding diets supplemented with vitamin C (0, 100, 2000 mg/kg) and E (0, 50, 500 mg/kg) for 12 wk. Supplementation of 100 mg vitamin C/kg to the basal diet was sufficient to increase growth and feed efficiency. The amount of vitamin E present in the basal diet (23.1 mg/kg) was sufficient to promote good growth and feed efficiency, but adding 50 mg vitamin E/kg was necessary to increase survival. Liver vitamin C and E concentrations increased with increasing dietary concentrations of the corresponding vitamin. Dietary vitamin E concentrations had no effect on liver vitamin C concentration, but increasing dietary vitamin C increased liver vitamin E. Although hematology was generally unaffected by dietary vitamin E, significantly lower red blood cell count and hemoglobin and higher mean corpuscular volume were observed in fish fed the vitamin C-unsupplemented diets. Total immunoglobulin and lysozyme activity were significantly higher and lower, respectively, in fish fed 2000 mg/kg vitamin C diets. Vitamin E at 500 mg/kg diet significantly decreased alternative complement activity. Dietary concentrations of vitamin C had no effect on mortality following S. iniae challenge, but mortality significantly decreased in fish fed vitamin E,supplemented diets. [source] The Comparative Impact of Iron, the B-Complex Vitamins, Vitamins C and E, and Selenium on Diarrheal Pathogen Outcomes Relative to the Impact Produced by Vitamin A and ZincNUTRITION REVIEWS, Issue 5 2007Kurt Z. Long PhD Micronutrient supplementation offers one of the most cost-effective means of improving the health and survival of children in developing countries. However, the effects of supplementation with single micronutri-ents on diarrhea are not always consistent, and supplementation with multi-micronutrient supplements can have negative effects. These inconsistencies may result from the failure to consider the diverse etiolog-ical agents that cause diarrhea and the unique effects each micronutrient has on the immune response to each of these agents. This review examines the separate effects that supplementation with the B-complex vitamins, vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium, and iron have on diarrheal disease-related outcomes. Supplementation with iron may increase the risk of infection by invasive diarrheal pathogens, while supplementation with the remaining micronutrients may reduce this risk. These differences may be due to distinct regulatory effects each micronutrient has on the pathogen-specific immune response, as well as on the virulence of specific pathogens. The findings of these studies suggest that micronutrient supplementation of children must take into account the pathogens prevalent within communities as reflected by their diarrheal disease burdens. The effectiveness of combining multiple micronutrients into one supplement must also be reconsidered. [source] World Health Organisation multicentre randomised trial of supplementation with vitamins C and E among pregnant women at high risk for pre-eclampsia in populations of low nutritional status from developing countriesBJOG : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS & GYNAECOLOGY, Issue 6 2009J Villar Objective, To determine if vitamin C and E supplementation in high-risk pregnant women with low nutritional status reduces pre-eclampsia. Design, Multicentred, randomised, controlled, double-blinded trial. Setting, Antenatal care clinics and Hospitals in four countries. Population, Pregnant women between 14 and 22 weeks' gestation. Method, Randomised women received 1000 mg vitamin C and 400 iu of vitamin E or placebo daily until delivery. Main outcome measures, Pre-eclampsia, low birthweight, small for gestational age and perinatal death. Results, Six hundred and eighty-seven women were randomised to the vitamin group and 678 to the placebo group. Groups had similar gestational ages (18.1; SD 2.4 weeks), socio-economic, clinical and demographical characteristics and blood pressure at trial entry. Risk factors for eligibility were similar, except for multiple pregnancies: placebo group (14.7%), vitamins group (11.8%). Previous pre-eclampsia, or its complications, was the most common risk factor at entry (vitamins 41.6%, placebo 41.3%). Treatment compliance was 87% in the two groups and loss to follow-up was low (vitamins 2.0%, placebo 1.3%). Supplementation was not associated with a reduction of pre-eclampsia (RR: 1.0; 95% CI: 0.9,1.3), eclampsia (RR: 1.5; 95% CI: 0.3,8.9), gestational hypertension (RR: 1.2; 95% CI: 0.9,1.7), nor any other maternal outcome. Low birthweight (RR: 0.9; 95% CI: 0.8,1.1), small for gestational age (RR: 0.9; 95% CI: 0.8,1.1) and perinatal deaths (RR: 0.8; 95% CI: 0.6,1.2) were also unaffected. Conclusion, Vitamins C and E at the doses used did not prevent pre-eclampsia in these high-risk women. [source] Interaction of vitamins C and E as better cosmeceuticalsDERMATOLOGIC THERAPY, Issue 5 2007Karen E Burke ABSTRACT:, Although many cosmeceutical formulations contain vitamin C and/or vitamin E, very few are actually effective in topical application. First because there is only a low concentration, second because the stability is compromised as soon as the product is opened and exposed to air and light, and third because the form of the molecule (an ester or a mixture of isomers) is not absorbed or metabolized effectively by the skin. However, when a stable formulation delivers a high concentration of the nonesterified, optimal isomer of the antioxidant, vitamins C and E do indeed inhibit the acute ultraviolet (UV) damage of erythema, sunburn, and tanning as well as chronic UV photoaging and skin cancer. Both are highly effective depigmenting agents. Topical vitamin C also increases collagen synthesis in both young and old fibroblasts. Because vitamin C regenerates oxidized vitamin E, the combination in a cosmeceutical formulation is synergistic , particularly in UV protection. [source] Plasma nitrotyrosine levels, antioxidant vitamins and hyperglycaemiaDIABETIC MEDICINE, Issue 9 2005S. Bo Abstract Aims Studies on plasma nitrotyrosine (NT) levels, a measure of oxidative injury, in diabetes are limited and discordant; the amount of antioxidants might represent a possible explanation for the discordant results. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the association between plasma NT levels and glucose tolerance status, according to antioxidant vitamin intakes. Methods In three hundred men randomly selected from a population-based cohort, NT levels were measured and dietary intake assessed by a food-frequency questionnaire. Results NT values were similar in patients with diabetes (n = 34), impaired fasting glucose (n = 77) and normoglycaemic subjects (n = 189). However, in subjects with lower than recommended daily intakes of antioxidant vitamins C and A, NT levels were significantly higher in the diabetic patients. In a multiple regression model, after adjustments for age, body mass index (BMI) and smoking habits, NT levels were significantly associated with fasting glucose in patients with lower intakes of vitamin C (, = 11.4; 95% CI 1.3 21.5) and vitamin A (, = 14.9; 95% CI 3.9 25.9), but not in subjects with lower intake of vitamin E. Conclusion A significant positive correlation between NT levels and fasting glucose is evident only in the presence of a reduced intake of some antioxidant vitamins. These findings might explain, at least in part, the discrepant results of previous studies and, if confirmed by further studies, suggest a simple measure (a balanced diet) to alleviate the increased oxidative stress of diabetes. [source] Direct Electrochemical Sensing and Detection of Natural Antioxidants and Antioxidant Capacity in Vitro SystemsELECTROANALYSIS, Issue 22 2007Antonio, Javier Blasco Abstract This review highlights the role of electrochemical approaches in the sensing of antioxidants and their antioxidant capacity with especial attention to the analytical possibilities of electrochemistry in the direct evaluation of antioxidant capacity exhibited by food and biological samples due to the termed dietary, natural or biological antioxidants (mainly polyphenols, and vitamins C and E). The analytical potency of the electrochemistry is comprehensively stated and the selected results found in the literature are summarized and discussed critically. The main electrochemical approaches used have been cyclic voltammetry (CV) and flow injection analysis with amperometric detection (FIA-ED). In addition, miniaturization is going to break new frontiers in the evaluation of antioxidant activity. [source] Malathion-induced oxidative stress in human erythrocytes and the protective effect of vitamins C and E in vitroENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY, Issue 3 2009Dilek Durak Abstract Malathion is an organophosphate (OP) pesticide that has been shown to induce oxidative stress in erythrocytes through the generation of free radicals and alteration of the cellular antioxidant defense system. We examined the effect of several different doses of malathion (25, 75, 200 ,M), or malathion in combination with vitamin C (VC; 10 ,M) or vitamin E (VE; 30 ,M), on the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities in human erythrocytes in vitro. Erythrocytes were incubated under various treatment conditions (malathion alone, vitamins alone, or malathion plus vitamin) at 37°C for 60 min, and the levels of MDA, and SOD, CAT and GPx activities, were determined. Treatment with malathion alone increased the levels of MDA and decreased SOD, CAT, and GPx activities in erythrocytes (P < 0.05). There were no statistical differences among VC-treated, VE-treated, or VC + VE-treated erythrocyes, as compared with nontreated control cells. Treatment of cells with malathion + VC, malathion + VE, or a combination of all three agents prevented malathion-induced changes in antioxidant enzyme activity and lipid peroxidation. However, this effect was seen only at low concentrations of malathion (25 and 75 ,M), and the combination of VC + VE had a more protective effect than VC or VE alone. These results indicated that the presence of vitamins at concentrations that are similar to the levels found in plasma have no effect on malathion-induced toxicity in erythrocytes at a concentration of malathion (200 ,M) that is typically used in pesticides. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2009. [source] Free radicals, antioxidants, and soil organic matter recalcitranceEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOIL SCIENCE, Issue 2 2006D. L. Rimmer Summary Highly reactive, and potentially damaging, free radicals are readily generated in our oxygen-rich environment, and are ubiquitous in biological systems. However, plants and animals have evolved protection against them with a range of antioxidant molecules, such as vitamins C and E, many of which are phenolic compounds. These stop the destructive chain reaction of free radical formation by being transformed into unreactive, stable free radicals. The biodegradation of food involves oxidation by free radicals, and is retarded by antioxidants. Similarly, the biodegradation of plant residues in soils involves free radicals; so the questions arise: (i) do soils have antioxidants, and (ii) what function might they have? The evidence suggests that they probably do have antioxidants. First, plant and animal remains added to soils will contain antioxidants. These are likely to persist for a time, particularly tannins, which are polyphenolic compounds with known antioxidant properties and which are relatively resistant to degradation. Second, studies using electron spin resonance spectroscopy have shown that humic materials contain stable semiquinone free radicals, and that their concentration increases as humification progresses. These semiquinone species are most likely to be derived from the reaction of phenolic compounds with reactive radicals. If this is the case, the phenolics are acting as antioxidants, because they are scavenging the reactive free radicals and terminating the oxidative chain reaction responsible for soil organic matter (SOM) degradation. Thus the soil's antioxidant capacity could control the rate of breakdown of organic matter in the more labile pools and could provide a chemical mechanism for the recalcitrance of SOM. Current available evidence for the nature of the recalcitrant pool in SOM is discussed in the light of this hypothesis, and the experimental approaches necessary for testing it are outlined. [source] Clinical pharmacology and therapeutic use of antioxidant vitaminsFUNDAMENTAL & CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, Issue 2 2007Ramón Rodrigo Abstract The clinical use of antioxidants has gained considerable interest during the last decade. It was suggested from epidemiological studies that diets high in fruits and vegetables might help decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease. Therefore, supplements of vitamins C and E were applied through protocols aimed to prevent diseases such as atherosclerosis, preeclampsia or hypertension, thought to be mediated by oxidative stress. Despite the biological properties of these vitamins could account for an effective protection, as shown by several clinical and experimental studies, their efficacy remains controversial in the light of some recent clinical trials and meta-analyses. However, the methodology of these studies, criteria for selection of patients, the uncertain extent of progression of the disease when initiating supplementation, the lack of mechanistic studies containing basic scientific aspects, such as the bioavailability, pharmacokinetic properties, and the nature of the antioxidant sources of vitamins, could account for the inconsistency of the various clinical trials and meta-analyses assessing the efficacy of these vitamins to prevent human diseases. This review presents a survey of the clinical use of antioxidant vitamins E and C, proposing study models based on the biological effects of these compounds likely to counteract the pathophysiological mechanisms able to explain the structural and functional organ damage. [source] The role of diet and nutrition in cervical carcinogenesis: A review of recent evidenceINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER, Issue 4 2005Reina García-Closas Abstract Our objective was to provide an update on recent epidemiologic evidence about the role of diet and nutrition on the risk of human papillomavirus (HPV) persistence and cervical neoplasia, taking HPV into account. We conducted a systematic review and qualitative classification of all observational studies controlling for HPV infection published between March 1995 and November 2003 and of all randomized clinical trials published between January 1991 and November 2003. Scientific evidence was classified as convincing, probable, possible or insufficient, as used in a previous study on diet and cancer. Thirty-three studies were eligible for this review (10 clinical trials, 8 observational prospective studies and 15 case-control studies). The few studies on HPV persistence showed a possible protective effect of fruits, vegetables, vitamins C and E, beta- and alpha-carotene, lycopene, luterin/zeaxanthin and cryptoxanthin. Evidence for a protective effect of cervical neoplasia was probable for folate, retinol and vitamin E and possible for vegetables, vitamins C and B12, alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, lycopene, lutein/zeaxanthin and cryptoxanthin. Evidence for an increased risk of cervical neoplasia associated with high blood homocysteine was probable. Results did not differ between studies looking at preneoplastic and invasive lesions or between retrospective and prospective studies. The available evidence for an association between diet and nutritional status and cervical carcinogenesis taking HPV infection into account is not yet convincing. Large cohort studies are needed to adequately assess the role of foods and nutrients in cervical HPV carcinogenesis. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress Plays a Key Role in Aging and ApoptosisIUBMB LIFE, Issue 5 2000Juan Sastre Abstract Harman first suggested in 1972 that mitochondria might be the biological clock in aging, noting that the rate of oxygen consumption should determine the rate of accumulation of mitochondrial damage produced by free radical reactions. Later in 1980 Miquel and coworkers proposed the mitochondrial theory of cell aging. Mitochondria from postmitotic cells use O2 at a high rate, hence releasing oxygen radicals that exceed the cellular antioxidant defences. The key role of mitochondria in cell aging has been outlined by the degeneration induced in cells microinjected with mitochondria isolated from fibroblasts of old rats, especially by the inverse relationship reported between the rate of mitochondrial production of hydroperoxide and the maximum life span of species. An important change in mitochondrial lipid composition is the age-related decrease found in cardiolipin content. The concurrent enhancement of lipid peroxidation and oxidative modification of proteins in mitochondria further increases mutations and oxidative damage to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in the aging process. The respiratory enzymes containing the defective mtDNA-encoded protein subunits may increase the production of reactive oxygen species, which in turn would aggravate the oxidative damage to mitochondria. Moreover, superoxide radicals produced during mitochondrial respiration react with nitric oxide inside mitochondria to yield damaging peroxynitrite. Treatment with certain antioxidants, such as sulphur-containing antioxidants, vitamins C and E, or the Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761, protects against the ageassociated oxidative damage to mtDNA and the oxidation of mitochondrial glutathione. Moreover, the EGb 761 extract also prevents changes in mitochondrial morphology and function associated with aging of the brain and liver. [source] Dietary intakes and nutrient status of vegetarian preschool children from a British national surveyJOURNAL OF HUMAN NUTRITION & DIETETICS, Issue 3 2000C.W. Thane Background Dietary intakes and nutrient status were compared in meat-eaters and non-meat-eaters from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey of children aged 1.5,4.5 years. Methods Children (n = 1351) were categorized as ,omnivores' or ,vegetarians', according to whether they consumed meat or meat products during a 4-day dietary record. Blood samples were also obtained for analysis of haematological and biochemical nutrient status. Results Three per cent of children were ,vegetarian'. They consumed higher proportions of milk and milk products, although this was significant only in older children (P = 0.007), owing to high consumption by the high proportion of Asian children. In vegetarians, energy intakes tended to be lower in both age groups. Percentage energy from protein and fat were lower, while that from carbohydrate was higher compared with omnivores. Cholesterol intakes were lower, significantly so for younger children (P < 0.001). Intakes of micronutrients were either higher (vitamins C and E, potassium) or lower (niacin and sodium) in younger vegetarians compared with omnivores. Energy-adjusted intakes of iron and zinc did not differ significantly from those of omnivores, although both intakes were low in many children (6,20% < LRNI), particularly in the younger group. Haematological and biochemical nutrient status indices showed few differences. Serum ferritin was lower in vegetarians, significantly so in younger children (P = 0.002). Antioxidant vitamin (A, C and E) status tended to be higher in vegetarians, while vitamin B12 intakes and status were more than adequate. Apart from poorer vitamin D intake and status in older Asian vegetarians, very few ethnic differences were observed. Conclusions Nutrient intakes and status were generally adequate in preschool children who did not eat meat. Although serum ferritin levels were inferior (particularly in vegetarians under 3 years old), the lower intakes of fat, cholesterol and sodium, and higher antioxidant vitamin intakes and status indices were potentially beneficial. Given a balanced diet, adequate nutrient intakes and status can be maintained without consuming meat. [source] Vitamin and trace metal levels in recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosaJOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY & VENEREOLOGY, Issue 6 2004S Ingen-Housz-Oro ABSTRACT Background, In recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB), a good nutritional balance is necessary to obtain healing of the chronic wounds. However, involvement of the oral mucosa and oesophagus stenosis may be responsible for severe nutritional deficiencies. Objective, In order to propose an adapted nutritional management, we studied the vitamin and trace metal status of 14 RDEB patients. Methods, Height and weight were measured. Plasma levels of albumin, iron, ferritin, calcium, parathyroid hormone (PTH), folates, vitamins C, D, B12, A, E, B1, B6, PP and B2, zinc, selenium, carnitine and copper were measured. Results, Most patients had a significant growth retardation. We found iron, vitamin D, C, B6, PP, zinc and selenium deficiencies in 36,70% of the patients, without clinical expression, except in one case. Vitamin B1, 12, B2, A/RBP, E/lipids and carnitine were normal. The three patients with gastrostomy feeding had better growth but still a protein deficiency and sometimes vitamin C, B6, PP, zinc and carnitine deficiencies. Conclusion, Vitamin and trace metal deficiencies are frequent in RDEB, even in patients receiving gastrostomy feeding, and often go unrecognized. Regular nutritional evaluation is necessary. Dietary advice and supplements should be given. Enteral feeding by gastrostomy should be discussed in early childhood. [source] Antioxidant nutritional quality of tomatoMOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH (FORMERLY NAHRUNG/FOOD), Issue 5 2007Luigi Frusciante Abstract Regular consumption of tomatoes has been associated with decreased risk of chronic degenerative diseases. Epidemiological findings confirm the observed health effects are due to the presence of different antioxidant molecules such as carotenoids, particularly lycopene, ascorbic acid, vitamin E and phenol compounds, particularly flavonoids. In this work, eight components contributing to the healthy quality of tomato (i. e. lycopene, ,-carotene, other carotenoids, flavonoids, phenolic acids, vitamins C and E, dry residue) were studied in the framework of breeding programs aiming to develop nutritional superior genotypes. Twelve tomato advanced breeding lines and six open pollinated cultivars were grown in strictly controlled conditions and analysed for their content of antioxidants. Among the 18 genotypes analysed, 10 showed a high level of total carotenoids, 6 high level of ,-carotene, 9 high lycopene levels, 15 high flavonoids and 2 relevant concentration of vitamin E. Based on such data and on a literature survey on tomato composition, an index, called index of antioxidant nutritional quality (IQUAN), was proposed as a tool to address the breeding programs in selecting tomato genotypes with antioxidant nutritional qualities. [source] Measurement of ischaemia,reperfusion in patients with intermittent claudication using NMR-based metabonomicsNMR IN BIOMEDICINE, Issue 7 2008Stefan A. Coolen Abstract Intermittent claudication has proved to be a good in vivo model for ischaemia,reperfusion. For assessment of ischaemia,reperfusion damage, the known biochemical markers all have disadvantages with respect to sensitivity and interference with other physiological events. In this work, we studied the metabolic effects of ischaemia,reperfusion in patients with intermittent claudication, and the effects of vitamin C and E intervention, using both traditional biochemical measurements and 1H-NMR-based metabonomics on urine and plasma. The 1H-NMR spectra were subjected to multivariate modelling using principal components discriminant analysis, and the observed clusters were validated using joint deployment of univariate analysis of variance and Tukey,Kramer honestly significant difference (HSD) testing. The study involved 14 patients with intermittent claudication and three healthy volunteers, who were monitored during a walking test, before and after a vitamin C/E intervention, and after a washout period. The effect of exercise was only observable for a limited number of biochemical markers, whereas 1H NMR revealed an effect in line with anaerobic ATP production via glycolysis in exercising (ischaemic) muscle of the claudicants. Thus, the beneficial effect of vitamins C and E in claudicants was more pronounced when observed by metabonomics than by traditional biochemical markers. The main effect was more rapid recovery from exercise to resting state metabolism. Furthermore, after intervention, claudicants tended to have lower concentrations of lactate and glucose and several other citric acid cycle metabolites, whereas acetoacetate was increased. The observed metabolic changes in the plasma suggest that intake of vitamin C/E leads to increased muscle oxidative metabolism. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Micronutrients and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in the Context of HIV InfectionNUTRITION REVIEWS, Issue 7 2004Dr.P.H., Wafaie Fawzi M.B. HIV infection is a global public health problem, particularly in Africa. Concurrently, micronutrient deficiencies and adverse pregnancy outcomes are prevalent in the same settings. Supplements containing B complex and vitamins C and E were efficacious in reducing adverse pregnancy outcomes, including fetal loss, low birth weight, and prematurity among HIV-infected women; the generalizability of this finding to uninfected women is being examined. There is little encouragement from published studies to provide prenatal vitamin A supplements in HIV infection, particularly in light of significantly higher risk of mother-to-child transmission observed in one trial. The efficacy and safety of prenatal zinc and selenium supplements on these outcomes need to be examined in randomized trials. [source] Combined Vitamin C and E Supplementation Retards Early Progression of Arteriosclerosis in Heart Transplant PatientsNUTRITION REVIEWS, Issue 11 2002Article first published online: 16 SEP 200 The development of arteriosclerosis is the limiting factor for the long-term survival and the major cause of mortality in patients with heart transplants. Various factors, including oxidative stress, contribute to the progression of the disease. In a recent clinical trial using the intravascular ultrasound technique, which detects the early stages of disease development, supplementation with vitamins C and E retarded the progression of coronary arteriosclerosis during the early stage following cardiac transplantation. [source] Short-term antioxidant supplementation reduces oxidative stress in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus,a pilot studyPRACTICAL DIABETES INTERNATIONAL (INCORPORATING CARDIABETES), Issue 7 2002SL Nuttall PhD Research Fellow Abstract Aims The aim of this pilot study was to determine what dose of which antioxidants might be studied in clinical trials by assessing the impact of vitamin (C and E) supplementation on markers of oxidative stress and LDL subfractions in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods Nine elderly patients with type 2 diabetes took a moderate dose combination of vitamins C (500 mg) and E (400 IU) for 4 weeks. Following a 4 week washout, the patients had a further 4 weeks of supplementation with a higher dose combination of vitamins C (1000 mg) and E (800 IU). Blood was sampled pre- and post-supplementation for vitamin E by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), total antioxidant capacity by enhanced chemiluminescence, total cholesterol and lipid hydroperoxides by colour spectrophotometry and LDL subfraction profile by disc polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Results Vitamin E was increased, after the moderate dose combination (59.8 ± 6 versus 36.4 ± 4 µmol/L, p < 0.001) and increased further by the higher dose (72.7 ± 11 versus 30.8 ± 5 µmol/L, p < 0.001). Total antioxidant capacity was significantly increased above baseline after both doses (508.2 ± 33 versus 436.4 ± 31, p < 0.01 (moderate); 519.3 ± 48 versus 440.8 ± 34 µmol/L trolox eq., p < 0.01 (high)). Lipid hydroperoxides were reduced more after the moderate dose combination than after the high dose (6.1 ± 1 versus 12.1 ± 2, p < 0.01; 8.0 ± 1 versus 11.6 ± 1 µmol/L, p < 0.05). LDL subfraction score showed a non-significant reduction after both periods of supplementation. Conclusions This study has demonstrated that supplementation with modest doses of the antioxidant vitamins C and E can significantly increase antioxidant defences and reduce oxidative damage in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Intake of vitamin C and E in pregnancy and risk of pre-eclampsia: prospective study among 57 346 womenBJOG : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS & GYNAECOLOGY, Issue 7 2009ĹK Klemmensen Objective, It has been suggested that vitamin C, alone or in combination with vitamin E, may protect against pre-eclampsia, whereas the safety of high-dose vitamin E supplements has been questioned. We investigated dietary intakes of vitamins C and E to see if they correlated with the incidence of pre-eclampsia. Design, Prospective cohort study. Setting, The Danish National Birth Cohort; a population-based pregnancy cohort; analyses were based on 57 346 pregnancies. Methods, Vitamin intake was estimated from a food frequency questionnaire completed in gestational week 25, recording intake from diet and supplements during the previous four weeks. Pre-eclampsia diagnoses were obtained from the Danish National Patient Registry; we worked with two entities, ,pre-eclampsia (all types)' and ,severe pre-eclampsia/eclampsia/HELLP'. We adjusted for confounding factors by logistic regression. Main outcome measures, A small increase in the incidence of severe disease was also seen in the group of women (64, n = 49 373) with a high intake of vitamin E from supplements and dietary sources. Results, The incidence of ,pre-eclampsia (all types)' did not correlate with dietary vitamin C and E intake. There was a decreasing trend (P = 0.01) in the incidence of ,severe pre-eclampsia/eclampsia/HELLP' with increasing dietary vitamin C intake; with an intake of 130,170 mg/day as reference, odds ratios ranged from 1.21 (95% confidence interval 0.83 to 1.75) for an intake below 70 mg/day to 0.70 (0.40 to 1.23) for an intake exceeding 275 mg/day (total n = 57 346). For vitamin E intake aggregated from diet and supplements (n = 49 373), with an intake of 10.5,13.5 mg/day as reference, the ,severe pre-eclampsia/eclampsia/HELLP' odds ratio was 1.46 (1.02 to 2.09) for an intake exceeding 18 mg/day. Conclusions, Low dietary intake of vitamin C was associated with a trend towards an increased incidence of either severe pre-eclampsia, eclampsia or HELLP. A small increase in the incidence of severe disease was also seen in the group of women with a high intake of vitamin E from supplements and dietary sources. [source] World Health Organisation multicentre randomised trial of supplementation with vitamins C and E among pregnant women at high risk for pre-eclampsia in populations of low nutritional status from developing countriesBJOG : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS & GYNAECOLOGY, Issue 6 2009J Villar Objective, To determine if vitamin C and E supplementation in high-risk pregnant women with low nutritional status reduces pre-eclampsia. Design, Multicentred, randomised, controlled, double-blinded trial. Setting, Antenatal care clinics and Hospitals in four countries. Population, Pregnant women between 14 and 22 weeks' gestation. Method, Randomised women received 1000 mg vitamin C and 400 iu of vitamin E or placebo daily until delivery. Main outcome measures, Pre-eclampsia, low birthweight, small for gestational age and perinatal death. Results, Six hundred and eighty-seven women were randomised to the vitamin group and 678 to the placebo group. Groups had similar gestational ages (18.1; SD 2.4 weeks), socio-economic, clinical and demographical characteristics and blood pressure at trial entry. Risk factors for eligibility were similar, except for multiple pregnancies: placebo group (14.7%), vitamins group (11.8%). Previous pre-eclampsia, or its complications, was the most common risk factor at entry (vitamins 41.6%, placebo 41.3%). Treatment compliance was 87% in the two groups and loss to follow-up was low (vitamins 2.0%, placebo 1.3%). Supplementation was not associated with a reduction of pre-eclampsia (RR: 1.0; 95% CI: 0.9,1.3), eclampsia (RR: 1.5; 95% CI: 0.3,8.9), gestational hypertension (RR: 1.2; 95% CI: 0.9,1.7), nor any other maternal outcome. Low birthweight (RR: 0.9; 95% CI: 0.8,1.1), small for gestational age (RR: 0.9; 95% CI: 0.8,1.1) and perinatal deaths (RR: 0.8; 95% CI: 0.6,1.2) were also unaffected. Conclusion, Vitamins C and E at the doses used did not prevent pre-eclampsia in these high-risk women. [source] Lipid peroxidation, vitamins C, E and reduced glutathione levels in patients with pulmonary tuberculosisCELL BIOCHEMISTRY AND FUNCTION, Issue 1 2004M. Vijayamalini Abstract The present study examined the relationship between lipid peroxidation and vitamin C, vitamin E and reduced glutathione levels in plasma, erythrocytes and erythrocyte membranes of pulmonary tuberculosis patients and an equal number of age-and sex-matched healthy subjects. Enhanced plasma, erythrocytes and erythrocyte membrane lipid peroxidation with concomitant decline in vitamin C, vitamin E and reduced glutathione levels were found in pulmonary tuberculosis patients. The elevated lipid peroxidation and decreased vitamin C, vitamin E and reduced glutathione levels indicate the potential of oxidative damage to erythrocytes and erythrocyte membranes of pulmonary tuberculosis patients. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Cholinergic and oxidative stress mechanisms in sudden infant death syndromeACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 11 2009Anne Dick Abstract Aim:, To determine whether biochemical parameters of cholinergic and oxidative stress function including red cell acetylcholinesterase (AChE), serum/plasma thyroglobulin, selenium, iron, ferritin, vitamins C, E, and A affect risk in apparent life-threatening event (ALTE), sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), and sudden unexpected death in infancy (SUDI). To assess these biochemical parameters as a function of age; and for influence of pharmacology and epidemiology, including infant health, care, and feeding practices. Methods:, A multicentre, case,control study with blood samples from 34 ALTE and 67 non-ALTE (control) infants matched for age, and 30 SIDS/SUDI and four non-SIDS/non-SUDI (post-mortem control) infants. Results:, Levels/activity of the biochemical parameters were not significantly different in ALTE vs. control infants, with the exception of higher vitamin C levels in the ALTE group (p = 0.009). In ALTE and control groups, AChE and thyroglobulin levels increased and decreased respectively from birth to attain normal adult levels from 6 months. Levels of iron and ferritin were higher in the first 6 month period for all infant groups studied, intersecting with vitamin C levels peaking around 4 months of age. Conclusion:, Lower AChE levels and higher combined levels of iron and vitamin C in the first 6 months of life may augment cholinergic and oxidative stress effect, particularly at the age when SIDS is most prevalent. This may contribute to risk of ALTE and SIDS/SUDI events during infancy. [source] Antioxidants and narrow band-UVB in the treatment of vitiligo: a double-blind placebo controlled trialCLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL DERMATOLOGY, Issue 6 2007M. L. Dell'Anna Summary Background., Vitiligo is an acquired depigmenting disease with uncertain aetiopathogenesis, possibly associated with oxidative stress. Narrowband ultraviolet B phototherapy (NB-UVB) is the most widely used and effective treatment. Aim., To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of NB-UVB and the repairing of oxidative stress-induced damage, using oral supplementation with an antioxidant pool (AP). Methods., Patients (n = 35) with nonsegmental vitiligo were enrolled in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicentre trial. The treatment group received, for 2 months before and for 6 months during the NB-UVB treatment, a balanced AP containing ,-lipoic acid, vitamins C and E, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. The area and number of lesions, as well as some parameters of the oxidation,reduction (redox) status of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were estimated at the beginning, after 2 months, and at the end of the trial. Results., In total, 28 patients completed the study. After 2 months of AP supplementation, the catalase activity and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were 121% and 57% of the basal values (P < 0.05 and P < 0.02 vs. placebo, respectively). The AP increased the therapeutic success of NB-UVB, with 47% of the patients obtaining >,75% repigmentation vs. 18% in the placebo group (P < 0.05). An increase in catalase activity to 114% (P < 0.05 vs. placebo) and decrease in ROS level of up to 60% (P < 0.02 vs. placebo) of the basal value was observed in PBMCs. Finally, the AP intake maintained the membrane lipid ratio (saturated : unsaturated fatty acids 1.8 : 3.1; P < 0.05), counteracting phototherapy-induced saturation. Conclusions., Oral supplementation with AP containing ,-lipoic acid before and during NB-UVB significantly improves the clinical effectiveness of NB-UVB, reducing vitiligo-associated oxidative stress. [source] SOY ISOFLAVONE TABLETS REDUCE OSTEOPOROSIS RISK FACTORS AND OBESITY IN MIDDLE-AGED JAPANESE WOMENCLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PHARMACOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY, Issue 2004Mari Mori Summary 1.,This study examines whether the supplementation of isoflavones (ISO) exerts beneficial effects on the bone mineral density (BMD) measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). 2.,Eighty-one healthy Japanese pre- and postmenopausal women were randomly assigned to the following two groups taking either ISO (100 mg) tablets (ISO group) or placebo tablets (P group) containing vitamins C (25 mg) and E (5 mg) daily for 24 weeks in a double-blind placebo controlled parallel design. 3.,Seventy women completed the intervention study (34 on ISO, 36 on P), only ISO group was proven to increase significantly BMD (P < 0.05 vs before) and to significantly decrease body fat measured by the DEXA (P < 0.0001 vs before and P < 0.05 vs P group), while BMI was maintained in ISO group despite significant BMI increase in P group. Thus, percent changes in BMI were significantly different between ISO and P groups (P < 0.05) 24 weeks after the intervention. 4.,This prospective DEXA study confirmed a long-term ISO supplementation, 100 mg/day could not only prevent menopausal bone resorption but also increase BMD and decrease body fat concomitantly with BMI reduction. Enough ISO supplementation may contribute to the risk reduction of osteoporosis and obesity and, thus to overall health promotion in menopausal women. [source] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||