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Selected AbstractsBeyond early development: Xenopus as an emerging model for the study of regenerative mechanismsDEVELOPMENTAL DYNAMICS, Issue 6 2009Caroline W. Beck Abstract While Xenopus is a well-known model system for early vertebrate development, in recent years, it has also emerged as a leading model for regeneration research. As an anuran amphibian, Xenopus laevis can regenerate the larval tail and limb by means of the formation of a proliferating blastema, the lens of the eye by transdifferentiation of nearby tissues, and also exhibits a partial regeneration of the postmetamorphic froglet forelimb. With the availability of inducible transgenic techniques for Xenopus, recent experiments are beginning to address the functional role of genes in the process of regeneration. The use of soluble inhibitors has also been very successful in this model. Using the more traditional advantages of Xenopus, others are providing important lineage data on the origin of the cells that make up the tissues of the regenerate. Finally, transcriptome analyses of regenerating tissues seek to identify the genes and cellular processes that enable successful regeneration. Developmental Dynamics 238:1226,1248, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Toxicity of methyl tert butyl ether to soil invertebrates (springtails: Folsomia candida, Proisotoma minuta, and Onychiurus folsomi) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa)ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY & CHEMISTRY, Issue 2 2010Matthew Dodd Abstract Experiments were conducted to assess the toxicity of methyl tert butyl ether (MTBE) to three species of Collembola (Proisotoma minuta, Folsomia candida, and Onychiurus folsomi) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) using an artificial Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) soil and field-collected sandy loam and silt loam soil samples. Soil invertebrate tests were carried out in airtight vials to prevent volatilization of MTBE out of the test units and to allow for direct head-space sampling and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis for residual MTBE. The use of the airtight vial protocol proved to be very successful, in that the measured MTBE concentrations at the beginning of the experiments were within 95% of nominal concentrations. The test methods used in this study could be used to test the toxicity of other volatile organic compounds to Collembola. The soil invertebrates tested had inhibitory concentration (ICx) and lethal concentration (LCx) values that ranged from 242 to 844 mg MTBE/kg dry soil. When the three test species of Collembola were tested under identical conditions in the artificial OECD soil, O. folsomi was the most sensitive collembolan, with a median inhibitory concentration (IC50; reproduction) of 296 mg MTBE/kg dry soil. The most sensitive endpoint for lettuce was an IC50 for root length of 81 mg MTBE/kg dry soil after 5 d of germination in OECD soil. Data on the loss of MTBE from the three test soils over time indicated that MTBE was retained in the silt loam soil longer than in either the sandy loam or the artificial OECD soil. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:338,346. © 2009 SETAC [source] Velocity analysis based on data correlationGEOPHYSICAL PROSPECTING, Issue 6 2008T. Van Leeuwen ABSTRACT Several methods exist to automatically obtain a velocity model from seismic data via optimization. Migration velocity analysis relies on an imaging condition and seeks the velocity model that optimally focuses the migrated image. This approach has been proven to be very successful. However, most migration methods use simplified physics to make them computationally feasible and herein lies the restriction of migration velocity analysis. Waveform inversion methods use the full wave equation to model the observed data and more complicated physics can be incorporated. Unfortunately, due to the band-limited nature of the data, the resulting inverse problem is highly nonlinear. Simply fitting the data in a least-squares sense by using a gradient-based optimization method is sometimes problematic. In this paper, we propose a novel method that measures the amount of focusing in the data domain rather than the image domain. As a first test of the method, we include some examples for 1D velocity models and the convolutional model. [source] Simulated and observed fluxes of sensible and latent heat and CO2 at the WLEF-TV tower using SiB2.5GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY, Issue 9 2003Ian Baker Abstract Three years of meteorological data collected at the WLEF-TV tower were used to drive a revised version of the Simple Biosphere (SiB 2.5) Model. Physiological properties and vegetation phenology were specified from satellite imagery. Simulated fluxes of heat, moisture, and carbon were compared to eddy covariance measurements taken onsite as a means of evaluating model performance on diurnal, synoptic, seasonal, and interannual time scales. The model was very successful in simulating variations of latent heat flux when compared to observations, slightly less so in the simulation of sensible heat flux. The model overestimated peak values of sensible heat flux on both monthly and diurnal scales. There was evidence that the differences between observed and simulated fluxes might be linked to wetlands near the WLEF tower, which were not present in the SiB simulation. The model overestimated the magnitude of the net ecosystem exchange of CO2 in both summer and winter. Mid-day maximum assimilation was well represented by the model, but late afternoon simulations showed excessive carbon uptake due to misrepresentation of within-canopy shading in the model. Interannual variability was not well simulated because only a single year of satellite imagery was used to parameterize the model. [source] Multiple Well-Shutdown Tests and Site-Scale Flow Simulation in Fractured RocksGROUND WATER, Issue 3 2010Claire R. Tiedeman A new method was developed for conducting aquifer tests in fractured-rock flow systems that have a pump-and-treat (P&T) operation for containing and removing groundwater contaminants. The method involves temporary shutdown of individual pumps in wells of the P&T system. Conducting aquifer tests in this manner has several advantages, including (1) no additional contaminated water is withdrawn, and (2) hydraulic containment of contaminants remains largely intact because pumping continues at most wells. The well-shutdown test method was applied at the former Naval Air Warfare Center (NAWC), West Trenton, New Jersey, where a P&T operation is designed to contain and remove trichloroethene and its daughter products in the dipping fractured sedimentary rocks underlying the site. The detailed site-scale subsurface geologic stratigraphy, a three-dimensional MODFLOW model, and inverse methods in UCODE_2005 were used to analyze the shutdown tests. In the model, a deterministic method was used for representing the highly heterogeneous hydraulic conductivity distribution and simulations were conducted using an equivalent porous media method. This approach was very successful for simulating the shutdown tests, contrary to a common perception that flow in fractured rocks must be simulated using a stochastic or discrete fracture representation of heterogeneity. Use of inverse methods to simultaneously calibrate the model to the multiple shutdown tests was integral to the effectiveness of the approach. [source] Optimization of storage conditions for diluted working solutions of porcine factor VIII and performance of the Bethesda assay for the determination of antiporcine FVIII inhibitor titresHAEMOPHILIA, Issue 1 2003R. Winikoff Summary. The use of porcine factor VIII (FVIII) (Hyate:C, Ipsen) has proven to be very successful in treating patients with FVIII inhibitors. The best way to predict the usefulness of porcine FVIII therapy, and/or to estimate the appropriate treatment dose in a given patient, is to measure the patient inhibitor titre against porcine FVIII with the Bethesda assay, using porcine FVIII as the source of FVIII in the assay. The goals of the present study were to (1) find the optimal storage temperature, diluent and concentration for a working solution of porcine FVIII to be used as the source of FVIII for the porcine Bethesda assay, (2) assess the reliability of the labelled FVIII units in the preparation of such working solutions of porcine FVIII and (3) compare the inhibitor titres determined by the Bethesda assay using both porcine and human standard reference curves for measuring residual FVIII. The results of the present study demonstrate that a ready-to-use working solution of 1 U mL,1 of Hyate:C diluted in human FVIII deficient plasma, either containing or deficient in von Willebrand factor antigen, is stable for up to 12 months, at ,20 °C. The preparation of the 1 U mL,1 working solution could be reliably calculated based on the units indicated on the vial label. Finally, using the human standard curve yields similar results to using the porcine standard curve for measuring any titre of allo- or auto-antibody against FVIII in the Bethesda assay, using Hyate:C as the source of FVIII. These findings are of practical value when performing a porcine FVIII-based Bethesda assay. [source] Haematological toxicity of drugs used in psychiatry,HUMAN PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY: CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL, Issue S1 2008Robert J. Flanagan Abstract Almost all classes of psychotropic agents have been reported to cause blood dyscrasias. Mechanisms include direct toxic effects upon the bone marrow, the formation of antibodies against haematopoietic precursors or involve peripheral destruction of cells. Agranulocytosis is probably the most important drug-related blood dyscrasia. The mortality from drug-induced agranulocytosis is 5,10% in Western countries. The manifestations of agranulocytosis are secondary to infection. Aggressive treatment with intravenous broad-spectrum antimicrobials and bone marrow stimulants may be required. Of drugs encountered in psychiatry, antipsychotics including clozapine (risk of agranulocytosis approximately 0.8%, predominantly in the first year of treatment) and phenothiazines (chlorpromazine agranulocytosis risk approximately 0.13%), and antiepileptics (notably carbamazepine, neutropenia risk approximately 0.5%) are the most common causes of drug-related neutropenia/agranulocytosis. Drugs known to cause neutropenia should not be used concomitantly with other drugs known to cause this problem. High temperature and other indicators of possible infection should be looked for routinely during treatment. Clozapine is well known as a drug that can cause blood dyscrasias, but olanzapine and other atypicals may also cause similar problems. In addition to genetic factors, there are likely to be dose-related and immunological components to these phenomena. Important lessons have been learnt from the haematological monitoring that is necessary with clozapine and the monitoring has been very successful in preventing deaths related to clozapine-induced agranulocytosis. Continuing research into the mechanisms of drug-induced neutropenia and agranulocytosis may serve to further enhance the safe use not only of clozapine, but also of other agents. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] New and Easily Accessible Nitrogen Acyclic Gold(I) Carbenes: Structure and Application in the Gold-Catalyzed Phenol Synthesis as well as the Hydration of AlkynesADVANCED SYNTHESIS & CATALYSIS (PREVIOUSLY: JOURNAL FUER PRAKTISCHE CHEMIE), Issue 8 2010A. Stephen Abstract A series of gold(I) isonitrile complexes were prepared and converted to the corresponding diaminocarbene gold(I) complexes by reactions with primary and symmetrical secondary amines. Twelve crystal structure analyses of the gold(I) complexes could be obtained, in addition NMR studies allowed an analysis of the different diastereomers present in solution. In the gold-catalyzed phenol synthesis these complexes were very successful as pre-catalysts, reaching an unprecedented 3050 turnovers with a problematic substrate. Good conversions in the hydration of phenylacetylene could also be achieved. [source] Interceptive orthodontics in the real world of community dentistryINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PAEDIATRIC DENTISTRY, Issue 2 2000K. Al Nimri Objective. To test the applicability and effectiveness of interceptive orthodontics in a community field trial. Design. Prospective screening for suitable malocclusions, implementation of treatment and analysis of outcomes 12 months later. Setting. Community dentistry in urban and rural areas of Northern Ireland, 1996,98. Subjects and methods. The initial sample consisted of 2002 children (1014 boys, 988 girls) who were screened in routine community dental inspections. One thousand and sixty (523 aged 9 years, 537 aged 11 years) were domiciled in the urban area of greater Belfast and 942 (479 aged 9 years, 463 aged 11 years) in the rural area of Enniskillen and Omagh, Co. Tyrone. Interventions. Interceptive orthodontic treatment. Outcome measures. Dental health component of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) and specially devised local indices of treatment outcomes. Results. With the use of an interception gauge, orthodontic screening was included in the community dental inspections without difficulty. Thirty-three per cent of children were in need of interceptive treatment. Only 20% of those in need both attended for recall and underwent treatment. Compliance was better in the rural area but the need, with particular reference to extraction of carious first molars, was greater in the urban area. The numbers of children in IOTN grades 4 and 5 fell from 69% at the beginning of the study to 42% at the end. The outcome judged by local indices was 94% in the range of complete success to minimal improvement with only 2% showing deterioration. Conclusions. One in three children screened in community dental inspections at age 9 and 11 years would benefit from interceptive orthodontics. Parents and children seem reluctant to accept offers of interceptive orthodontics and to having the treatment carried out. Among those complying fully, the interceptive measures are very successful. Not only does community interceptive orthodontics improve the condition being treated but also reduces the need for further treatment. [source] Abundance, Population Structure and Production of Scrobicularia plana and Abra tenuis (Bivalvia: Scrobicularidae) in a Mediterranean Brackish Lagoon, Lake Ichkeul, TunisiaINTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF HYDROBIOLOGY, Issue 4 2005Caterina Casagranda Abstract Abundance, growth and production of the deposit-feeding bivalves were studied in the Ichkeul wetland, northern Tunisia, from July 1993 , April 1994. Scrobicularia plana(Da Costa, 1778) occurred at annual mean densities (biomasses) of 299 ± 65 to 400 ± 100 individuals/m2 (22.54 ± 3.00 to 34.27 ± 3.96 g ash-free dry mass (AFDM)/m2) depending on the study area. The annual mean density of Abra tenuis(Montagu, 1803) amounted to 640 ± 74 individuals/m2 during the whole study period, in contrast the biomass rose from 2.87 g AFDM/m2 in July to 10.29 g AFDM/m2 in April. Both species were largely dominated by age class I. Although not very successful, recruitment presented a two-period pattern: the main period at the beginning of spring, and a secondary one in late summer/autumn. S. plana rarely exceeded 40 mm and lived for only 2 years, while most individuals of A. tenuis lived for only 15,18 months growing to a length of 12 mm. The annual bivalve deposit-feeder production for the whole lagoon system (90 km2) was 8.24 g AFDM/m2 (5.26 g C/m2, 0.65 g N/m2). The annual P/ ratio was about 0.4 and therefore in the same order of magnitude as estimates from other brackish coastal waters. (© 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source] It Ain't Broke: The Past, Present, and Future of Venture CapitalJOURNAL OF APPLIED CORPORATE FINANCE, Issue 2 2010Steven N. Kaplan This article presents a selective history of the U.S. venture capital (VC) industry, a discussion of the current state of the market, and some predictions about where the market is going. There is no doubt that the U.S. venture capital industry has been very successful. The VC model has provided an efficient solution to a difficult problem,that of enabling people with promising ideas but often limited track records to raise capital from outside investors. A large fraction of IPOs, including many of the most successful, have been funded by venture capitalists, and the U.S. VC model has been copied around the world. Armed with this historical perspective, the authors view with skepticism the recent claims that the VC model is broken. In the past, VC investments in companies have represented a remarkably constant 0.15% of the total value of the stock market; and commitments to VC funds, while more variable, have been consistently in the 0.10% to 0.20% range. Both of these percentages have continued to hold in recent years. And despite the relatively low number of IPOs, the returns to VC funds this decade have largely maintained their historical relationship to the overall stock market. To be sure, VC investment and returns continue to be subject to boom-and-bust cycles. But if the recent period has most of the features of a bust, the authors view today's historically low level of commitments to U.S. VC funds as a fairly reliable indicator of relatively high expected returns for the 2009 and (probably) 2010 vintage years. Perhaps the most promising future role for venture capital, as the authors suggest in closing, is to increase the productivity of the corporate research and development function through various kinds of partnerships and outsourcing arrangements. [source] Strategies for enhancing the adoption of school-based prevention programs: Lessons learned from the Blueprints for Violence Prevention replications of the Life Skills Training programJOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 3 2003Abigail A. Fagan Widespread implementation of effective programs is unlikely to affect the incidence of violent crime unless there is careful attention given to the quality of implementation, including identification of the problems associated with the process of implementation and strategies for overcoming these obstacles. Here we describe the results of a process evaluation focused on discovering common implementation obstacles faced by schools implementing the Life Skills Training (LST) drug prevention program. The evaluation was conducted by the Center for the Study and Prevention of Violence (CSPV) under the Blueprints for Violence Prevention Initiative in conjunction with the designer of the LST program, Dr. Gilbert Botvin and his dissemination agency, National Health Promotion Associates (NHPA), and was funded by the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP). This evaluation revealed that the 70 sites involved in the project faced many obstacles when implementing this science-based program in the "real" classroom setting, outside the rigorous controls of a research trial. Nonetheless, the schools were very successful in delivering the program in its entirety and with a high level of fidelity to the program model, and we attribute much of this success to the high level of independent monitoring provided by CSPV, as well as our ongoing efforts to work with schools to identify and overcome problems associated with implementation. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comm Psychol 31: 235,253, 2003. [source] Importance of the olfactory sense to migratory sea lampreys Petromyzon marinus seeking riverine spawning habitatJOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY, Issue 4 2010L. A. Vrieze This study tested the hypothesis that the sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus, a diadromous species of fish, relies on innately discerned odours, including pheromones, to locate riverine spawning habitat. Migratory, sexually immature P. marinus were captured as they entered streams flowing into the Great Lakes, and their olfactory systems were occluded or not by injecting either innocuous dental impression material or a saline control into their nasopores. Animals were then released back into lakes or streams and their recapture rates in stream traps noted. When released into Lake Huron, P. marinus with intact (functional) olfactory systems were very successful in locating rivers (recapture rates ranged up to 65%), while animals with occluded nasopores were virtually unable to do so and had recapture rates five to 20 times lower than intact animals. With few exceptions, intact fish entered the stream closest to their release point within a few days, irrespective of where they had been originally captured; their ability to locate streams is apparently innate and well developed. In contrast, when released within streams, both intact and occluded P. marinus successfully swam upstream to traps for several days although the ability of the former exceeded that of the latter after this period. Migratory P. marinus rely heavily on olfactory cues, of which a larval pheromone is presumably one, to locate river mouths and to a lesser extent to promote upstream movement within rivers. [source] The Role of Pre-collegiate Partnership Programs in Environments Ambivalent about Affirmative Action: Reflections and Outcomes from an Early ImplementationJOURNAL OF SOCIAL ISSUES, Issue 3 2005Geoffrey Maruyama Preparing underrepresented students for college success though pre-collegiate partnership programs is one alternative to affirmative action programs. This article describes the Multicultural Excellence Program (MEP), a partnership program between an urban school district and 22 four-year higher education institutions. MEP, begun in 1987, targets 7th,12th-grade students from groups historically underrepresented in higher education. It helps them plan how to prepare themselves for continuing on to a four-year college. Analyses evaluating program effectiveness examined outcomes of over 4,000 secondary students and 243 college students. Despite substantial turnover, particularly at transition points, MEP has been very successful in enrolling its high school graduates immediately in four-year colleges. Although many MEP students have thrived in college, a smaller proportion has struggled. [source] Robust sequential designs for nonlinear regressionTHE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF STATISTICS, Issue 4 2002Sanjoy Sinha Abstract The authors introduce the formal notion of an approximately specified nonlinear regression model and investigate sequential design methodologies when the fitted model is possibly of an incorrect parametric form. They present small-sample simulation studies which indicate that their new designs can be very successful, relative to some common competitors, in reducing mean squared error due to model misspecifi-cation and to heteroscedastic variation. Their simulations also suggest that standard normal-theory inference procedures remain approximately valid under the sequential sampling schemes. The methods are illustrated both by simulation and in an example using data from an experiment described in the chemical engineering literature. Les auteurs définissent formellement le concept de modéle de régression non linéaire approxima-tif et proposentdes plans d'expérience séquentiels pour les situations o4uG la forme paramétrique du modéle ajusté est inexacte. Ils présentent une étude de simulation qui montre que, pour de petits échantillons, leurs nouveaux plans sont largement préférables aux plans usuels en terme de réduction de I'erreur quadratique moyenne associée à rinadéquation du modéle et à l'hétéroscédasticité. Leurs simulations montrent aussi que les procédures d'inférence classiques associées au paradigme normal restent valables, à peu de choses prés, pour ces plans expéimentaux se'quentiels. La methodologie proposde est illustrée par voie de simulation et au moyen d'une application concréte tirée de la pratique du génie chimique. [source] A collaborative approach to the environmental assessment process prior to oil exploration activities offshore the Falkland IslandsAQUATIC CONSERVATION: MARINE AND FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS, Issue 1 2002Liz Hopkins Abstract 1.Operating Companies awarded acreage in the Falkland Islands First Offshore Licensing Round began exploration for oil and gas in 1996. Appropriate environmental management is an important aspect of exploration activities in any new frontier area and the Falklands Islands were no exception. Operators with drilling commitments established the Falklands Operators Sharing Agreement (FOSA), which included an Environmental Workgroup (EWG) to take responsibility for the environmental issues associated with exploration activities. 2.The EWG was established early in the exploration programme and commissioned a number of specific environmental studies relating to the offshore environment of the Islands. The data made available by this research provided a valuable input to the assessment of potential environmental impacts from the planned exploration activities. By undertaking environmental impact assessments prior to exploration activities FOSA were able to identify and adopt operational and management controls to ensure potential environmental impacts were, where possible, minimized or avoided. 3.The EWG also provided the main point of contact with the regulators on environmental matters and through the Falkland Islands Exploration & Production Environmental Forum facilitated consultation with government departments such as Fisheries, and other stakeholders such as Falklands Conservation. 4.The co-operative approach taken by the operators with regard to the environmental management of the exploration activities offshore the Falkland Islands is considered to have been very successful. The most obvious benefits were through the shared resources resulting in financial savings, however, other benefits have included, avoiding duplication of effort, the promoting of ,working togetherness' and a reduced burden on consultees. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] ACORN2: new developments of the ACORN conceptACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D, Issue 9 2009E. J. Dodson The density-modification procedures incorporated in ACORN, available in the CCP4 package, have proved to be very successful in solving and refining high-resolution crystal structures from very poor starting sets. These can be calculated from a correctly positioned initial fragment containing between 1 and 8% of the scattering power of the total structure. Improvements of ACORN, reported here and incorporated in the program ACORN2, have lowered the size of the fragment required and examples are given of structures solved with only 0.25% of the scattering power in the fragment, which may be a single atom. Applications of ACORN2 to structures with space group P1 have shown the remarkable property that when the starting point is a pair of equal atoms, or even a single atom placed at the origin, the refinement process breaks the centric nature of the initial phases and converges to phases corresponding to one of the two possible enantiomorphs. Examples are given of the application of ACORN2 to the solution and/or refinement of a number of known trial structures and to the refinement of structures when phases are available either from MAD or from a molecular-replacement model. [source] An in vitro recombination method to convert restriction- and ligation-independent expression vectorsBIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL, Issue 3 2008Feng Guo Abstract In recent years, restriction-less recombination cloning systems based on site-specific recombinase with high efficiency have been proven to be very successful. Thus, it is desirable to convert existing conventional vectors to recombination vectors. In this report, we describe the conversion of a set of widely used conventional vectors to Gateway® recombination expression vectors. An attB cassette flanked by several restriction enzyme sites was inserted in a cloning vector, and then subcloned into existing vectors to be converted to construct intermediate vectors containing the attB cassette, which were then converted to recombination expression vectors by in vitro recombination. The intermediate vectors generated in this study can be used for releasing the attB cassette to convert other vectors using the same protocol described here. With the increasing number of recombination vectors constructed with this protocol, the likeliness of releasing the attB cassette from an existing vector, rather than synthesizing it with PCR, will increase. The final expression vectors can also be used for releasing the attR cassette for constructing new vectors. [source] Coeliac disease, unilateral occipital calcifications, and drug-resistant epilepsy: successful lesionectomyACTA NEUROLOGICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 3 2005K. O. Nakken Purpose , To draw attention to the triad of coeliac disease (CD), occipital calcifications, and drug-resistant epilepsy, with focus on the outcome of epilepsy surgery. Methods , We describe a male patient who despite a diagnosis of CD from the age of 9 did not comply with the gluten-free diet. At the age of 11 he developed simple and complex partial seizures with visual symptoms, anxiety, and ambulatory automatisms. His epilepsy appeared to be drug resistant, and after having tried nine antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), alone or in combinations, he underwent a presurgical evaluation at the age of 30. Interictal standard electroencephalograms (EEGs) disclosed frequent biparieto-occipital epileptiform discharges. Computed tomography showed cortical,subcortical punctate calcifications in the right parieto-occipital region, where his seizures seemed to start, according to ictal EEG registrations from intracranial strip electrodes. Results , At the age of 31 he underwent epilepsy surgery. A 5 × 6 cm large area of the right parieto-occipital region was resected, including the area with calcifications. Except for a few short-lasting episodes of anxiety (simple partial seizures?) he has now been seizure-free for 12 years. AEDs were withdrawn 5 years ago. Postoperatively he was left with an upper left-sided quadrant anopsia, which is not bothering him. Conclusions , In patients with CD, unilateral occipital calcifications, and drug-resistant epilepsy, epilepsy surgery should be considered, as a lesionectomy might be very successful. [source] | ||||||||||||||||||||||