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Very Late (very + late)
Selected AbstractsLigand binding of leukocyte integrin very late antigen-4 involves exposure of sulfhydryl groups and is subject to redox modulationEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY, Issue 2 2008Si-Yen Liu Abstract Activation of leukocyte integrins is important for selective recruitment of cells from the circulation to tissues. Our previous studies showed that the binding between the integrin very late antigen-4 (VLA-4) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) is modulated by reactive oxygen species. In this study, we investigated the molecular nature of redox modulation on the activation states of VLA-4 on human leukocytes. We found that ligand binding of VLA-4 induced exposure of sulfhydryl groups on the ,4 peptide. Low concentrations (5,10,µM) of exogenous hydrogen peroxide in the presence or absence of added glutathione enhanced the ligand binding ability of VLA-4 to VCAM-1 and cell rolling on VCAM-1, while higher concentrations (,100,µM) of hydrogen peroxide inhibited the binding. Exogenous hydrogen peroxide and glutathione induced molecular modification of S -glutathionylation on the ,4 peptide. The redox regulation of the VLA-4 binding activity required outside-in signaling and cytoskeleton rearrangement. Our results indicate that ligand binding of VLA-4 involves redox modulations which may play a pivotal role in regulating the activation states of VLA-4 in inflammatory tissues and hence direct leukocyte trafficking. [source] Preserved painting creativity in an artist with Alzheimer's diseaseEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, Issue 6 2005L. R. Fornazzari Creativity in any of its forms, either visual, musical, literary or performing arts, may be conceived as a cognitive capability, and should be actively explored in relation to patients with Alzheimer disease and related dementias, even when other cognitive functions do not allow us to even communicate with them. We are reporting the case of a talented artist with the diagnosis of early onset Alzheimer disease (AD) with progressive cognitive impairment but with preservation of her creativity until very late in the course of the disease. [source] Pre-rainy season moisture build-up and storm precipitation delivery in the West African SahelINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY, Issue 7 2008J. Bayo Omotosho Abstract The salient differences between the years of above and below normal precipitation, particularly within the long period of 1972,1990 with persistently decreasing Sahelian rainfall, are investigated for Kano, a Nigerian station within the Sahel. Daily rainfall data from 1916 to 2000, storm records from 1951 to 2000 and radiosonde data for three dry and three wet years are used in this study. Results confirm previous findings that the African Easterly Jet (AEJ) located in the 700,600 mb layer is stronger during the dry than in wet years. Significantly, however, it is shown that during the wet years, there is stronger and deeper early season (April,June) build-up of moisture below the AEJ. Furthermore, throughout the period from April to August, the middle troposphere was almost always drier than normal during the dry years and moist than normal in the wet years. Consequent upon these, the storms, which deliver almost all the rainfall in the Sahel, produce at least 150% more precipitation during the wet than in the dry years, though the June to September or annual total number of storms differs by only about 30%. Finally, during the dry years, the onset of rainfall is found to be generally very late compared to the long-term mean, with shorter length of the rainy season. Copyright © 2007 Royal Meteorological Society [source] Adhesion molecule expression by bone marrow CD34-positive cells in aplastic anemia before and after immunosuppressive therapyINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LABORATORY HEMATOLOGY, Issue 6 2003K. Kaito Summary Appropriate adhesion between bone marrow stem cells and the marrow microenvironment is necessary for hematopoiesis, since signals that promote maturation or apoptosis are transmitted from stromal cells to stem cells. In aplastic anemia (AA), interferon- , produced by stromal cells has more influence on the pathogenesis of marrow failure than interferon- , produced by lymphocytes. We evaluated the expression of cell adhesion molecules, such as very late antigen-4 (CD49d), and -5 (CD49e) or c-kit receptor (CD117), by CD34-positive bone marrow cells in patients with AA who achieved hematological complete remission after immunosuppressive therapy. Before treatment, CD34-positive cells showed markedly higher expression of CD49d and CD49e than cells from healthy controls, indicating the strong adhesion of stem cells to the bone marrow stroma. Expression of CD49d and CD49e was significantly decreased, reaching normal levels, after hematological recovery. These findings suggest that changes in adhesion molecule expression by stem cells are important in the pathology of AA. [source] The Different Mechanisms Between Late and Very Late Recurrences of Atrial Fibrillation in Patients Undergoing a Repeated Catheter AblationJOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY, Issue 3 2006MING-HSIUNG HSIEH M.D. Introduction: The mechanisms of late (<1 year after the ablation) and very late (>1 year after the ablation) recurrences of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) after catheter ablation have not been reported. Methods and Results: Fifty consecutive patients undergoing a repeated electrophysiologic study to investigate the recurrence of paroxysmal AF after the first ablation were included. Group 1 consisted of 12 patients with very late (26 ± 13 months) and group 2 consisted of 38 patients with late (3 ± 3 months) recurrence of paroxysmal AF. In the baseline study, group 1 had a lower incidence of AF foci from the pulmonary veins (PVs) (67% vs 92%, P = 0.048) and a higher incidence of AF foci from the right atrium (50% vs 13%, P = 0.014) than group 2. In the repeated study, group 1 had a higher incidence of AF foci from the right atrium (67% vs 3%, P < 0.001) and a lower incidence of AF foci from the left atrium (50% vs 97%, P < 0.001), including a lower incidence of AF foci from the PVs (50% vs 79%, P = 0.07) and from the left atrial free wall (0% vs 29%, P = 0.046) than group 2. Furthermore, most of these AF foci (64% of group 1, 65% of group 2) were from the previously targeted foci. Conclusion: The right atrial foci played an important role in the very late recurrence of AF, whereas the left atrial foci (the majority were PVs) were the major origin of the late recurrence of AF after the catheter ablation of paroxysmal AF. [source] Ovary development in Greenland halibut Reinhardtius hippoglossoides in west Greenland watersJOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY, Issue 5 2005C. S. Simonsen Maturity in adult female Greenland halibut Reinhardtius hippoglossoides was studied in three areas in west Greenland waters: the inshore area in Disko Bay and two offshore areas, Baffin Bay and Davis Strait. The aim was to monitor maturity changes in the inshore fjords of Disko Bay over an extended period from winter to autumn and compare these findings with specimens from Baffin Bay and the presumed spawning area in Davis Strait. A significant difference in maturity level was observed in and between the three areas. In Disko Bay maturity indices increased significantly in August and September both with respect to the gonado-somatic index (IG) and the size in the leading oocyte cohort. In the period February to May no significant changes were observed. Mature ovaries were only observed among fish >80 cm total length and only among a fraction of these large fish. Offshore areas of Baffin Bay, even though poorly sampled, showed similar signs in the maturity indices as in Disko Bay. Relative to Disko Bay and Baffin Bay, female fish in Davis Strait had more progressed maturity indices. Furthermore, almost all fish in Davis Strait showed signs of progressed maturity contrary to Disko and Baffin Bay. A large proportion of the Greenland halibut in Disko and Baffin Bay apparently did not begin the maturation cycle until very late in their life history or were repeat spawners with a multi-year maturation cycle. These observations could thus support the hypothesis that Greenland halibut have a prolonged adolescent phase. Atresia was highest in the early phases of maturation in Greenland halibut but relatively high levels of atresia were also observed in fish in more advanced maturity phase. The first was ascribed to fecundity regulation while the latter could be linked to the fish's fitness condition but it was not possible to show this with the available condition index. [source] Late or very late stent thrombosis can also occur with bare metal stentsCATHETERIZATION AND CARDIOVASCULAR INTERVENTIONS, Issue 2 2007Andres Rosas Ramos MD Abstract The issue of late stent thrombosis (LAST) has become a subject of highly polemical debate over the past few months. Yet, both acute and LAST has always been a potential complication. The objective of this manuscript is to remind the readers, by means of two case reports, that thrombosis of bare metal stents may occur even very late after stent implantation. In the first case, stent thrombosis occurred after five years. In the second case, it occurred three years after the stenting procedure in a bare metal stent implanted in the circumflex artery of a patient who had also received two drug-eluting stents in the left anterior descending coronary artery. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] | |||||||||||||