Home  About us  Contact
 

Vertical Load (vertical + load)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Engineering75%

Selected Abstracts

Three-dimensional finite element analysis of the facial skeleton on simulated occlusal loading

JOURNAL OF ORAL REHABILITATION, Issue 7 2001
Martin D. Gross
Development of predictive models of occlusal loading of the facial skeleton will be of value for prosthetic design in oral rehabilitation. A 3-D finite element (FE) model of a human skull, based on CT scans, was constructed to analyse strain and stress distribution in the facial skeleton caused by simulated occlusal loading. Vertical loads were applied simulating loading of the full maxillary arch and unilateral single point occlusal loading of maxillary molar, pre-molar, canine and incisor sites. Strain and stress regimes from Von Mises (VM) failure criteria and extension and compression diagrams showed even distribution of strain following loading of the full maxillary arch throughout the facial elements. For individual points, the highest VM concentrations were consistently located on the facial aspect several mm above the loading site. Strain trajectories divided into a ,V-shaped' pattern, from the loading point into medial and lateral branches with higher VM values in the medial. As the same load was applied from the posterior to anterior region, VM values increased on all facial areas. Strain patterns were less symmetric and there was an increase in strain in the alveolar arch and around the rim of the nasal cavity. The overall picture of the facial skeleton is of a vertical plate enabling it to withstand occlusal stresses by in-plane loading and bending in its own plane. The most efficient distribution of load was on maxillary full arch loading with the most unfavourable strain concentrations occurring on loading in the anterior region. [source]

A mechanical model for elastomeric seismic isolation bearings including the influence of axial load

EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING AND STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS, Issue 2 2009
Sachie Yamamoto
Abstract For the purpose of predicting the large-displacement response of seismically isolated buildings, an analytical model for elastomeric isolation bearings is proposed. The model comprises shear and axial springs and a series of axial springs at the top and bottom boundaries. The properties of elastomeric bearings vary with the imposed vertical load. At large shear deformations, elastomeric bearings exhibit stiffening behavior under low axial stress and buckling under high axial stress. These properties depend on the interaction between the shear and axial forces. The proposed model includes interaction between shear and axial forces, nonlinear hysteresis, and dependence on axial stress. To confirm the validity of the model, analyses are performed for actual static loading tests of lead,rubber isolation bearings. The results of analyses using the new model show very good agreement with the experimental results. Seismic response analyses with the new model are also conducted to demonstrate the behavior of isolated buildings under severe earthquake excitations. The results obtained from the analyses with the new model differ in some cases from those given by existing models. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Full scale experiments for evaluating theoretical fire wall models

FIRE AND MATERIALS, Issue 6 2004
P. Clancy
Abstract The aim of the research described in this paper was to provide experimental results for the evaluation of theoretical models for predicting the behaviour and time-to-failure of loadbearing and non-loadbearing wood framed walls in fire. References for thermal and mechanical properties of wood and gypsum board are given to provide comprehensive input for the evaluation of theoretical wall models. The scope of the research involved full-scale uninsulated cavity walls with well-controlled clearly known conditions including initial ambient vertical load capacity for benchmarking the reduction in capacity and stiffness, rotational stiffness of supports, eccentricity of vertical load, elastic moduli of wood and gypsum board in compression, stiffness of slip between gypsum board and studs and end stud effects. The experiments were repeated and they demonstrated that the controls led to high consistency in the results despite the inherent large variability of the mechanical properties of wood. The results include temperature distributions, initial vertical load capacity, load-deflection plots and times-to-failure. The results show that the temperatures in the studs are approximately uniform until all the moisture is vaporized. Thermal properties of wood will not vary significantly for consistent density, moisture content and species of wood. The main structural actions that should be modelled for different loading regimes are deduced. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Elastoplastic multiphase model for simulating the response of piled raft foundations subject to combined loadings

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL AND ANALYTICAL METHODS IN GEOMECHANICS, Issue 9 2006
G. Hassen
Abstract A multiphase model and corresponding computational time-saving finite element code is proposed in this paper for predicting the settlements experienced by a piled raft foundation when subject to the combined action of vertical and lateral loadings. This model, which is formulated in the framework of an elastoplastic behaviour for the soil and the reinforcing piles as well, explicitly accounts for the shear and flexural behaviour of the latter. Starting from a simple analytical example where all the concepts attached to this model are clearly illustrated, the main stages leading to its finite element implementation are then presented. The numerical tool thus elaborated, is applied to the simulation of a pile-reinforced strip foundation submitted to a horizontally applied seismic load in addition to a permanent vertical load. One of the key results of such a simulation in terms of design recommendation, lies in the conclusion that, while the shear and flexural contributions of the reinforcement play quite a negligible role in the case of a vertical load (as compared with their axial resistance), they remain absolutely essential for withstanding the seismic lateral loading. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

In vitro differences of stress concentrations for internal and external hex implant,abutment connections: a short communication

JOURNAL OF ORAL REHABILITATION, Issue 1 2006
Y. MAEDA
summary, The aim of this study was to clarify the difference in the stress distribution patterns between implants with external-hex or internal-hex connection systems using in vitro models. Three 13 mm fixtures with external-hex and internal-hex connections were installed into an acrylic bone analogue. One piece abutments of 7 mm height was connected. Strain gauges were attached to the abutment surface, and the cervical and fixture tip areas of the bone analogue surface. Vertical and horizontal load applied was 30 N. Data were normalized for each model by obtaining values relative to the sum of the three values. Almost the same force distribution pattern was found under vertical load in both systems. Fixtures with external-hex showed an increase in strain at the cervical area under horizontal load, while in internal-hex fixtures the strain was at the fixture tip area. Within limitations of our model study, it was suggested that fixtures with internal-hex showed widely spread force distribution down to the fixture tip compared with external hex ones. [source]

Effects of column axial force , bending moment interaction on inelastic seismic response of steel frames

EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING AND STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS, Issue 12 2003
Marina Como
Abstract It is well known that axial force , bending moment interaction (N,M interaction) affects to a large extent the cyclic inelastic behaviour of structural elements, especially columns in framed structures, with reduction in bending capacity and loss of available ductility. A few studies have also shown that significant inelastic axial shortening affects the response of column elements subjected to medium,high levels of axial loads and cyclic bending. This paper is primarily aimed at evaluating the effects of column N,M interaction on the inelastic seismic response of steel frames. By considering the contemporaneous action of vertical loads, due to gravity, and of horizontal seismic excitation, it is shown that the progressive axial shortening of adjacent columns may differ substantially, thus inducing significant relative settlements at the ends of the connecting beams and, then, remarkable amplifications in beam plastic rotations. An evaluation of additional beam plastic rotations induced by column N,M interaction is carried out for real structures by investigating the inelastic response of steel frames designed according to European standards under horizontal and vertical earthquake excitations. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Untersuchungen zum vertikalen Tragverhalten von Spundwänden

BAUTECHNIK, Issue 8 2009
Jürgen Grabe Univ.-Prof.
Geotechnik; Bodenmechanik; Geotechnical Engineering; Soil Mechanics Abstract Spundwände werden im Wesentlichen auf Biegung infolge einer Belastung durch Erd- und Wasserdrücke beansprucht. Sie können aber auch zum Abtrag von Vertikallasten dienen. Das Tragverhalten von Spundwänden ist bei genauer Betrachtung äußerst komplex, da diesem eine räumlich und zeitlich gekoppelte Boden-Bauwerk-Interaktion zugrunde liegt. Für die praktische Bemessung muss das Tragverhalten daher stark idealisiert werden. Die Rechtfertigung der dafür notwendigen Modellvorstellungen sowie deren Vereinfachungen und Annnahmen sind, wie häufig in der Geotechnik, hauptsächlich durch Erfahrung begründet. Researching the vertical load bearing behaviour of sheet piles. Sheet pile walls are mainly used to carry loads caused by earth and water pressure via bending. In special cases these walls can be used to transfer vertical loads to the subsoil. The complex load bearing behaviour of sheet pile walls is caused by the sterical and temporal coupled soil structure interaction. For practical design the load bearing behaviour needs to be idealised. The apologies used to explain the model conceptions as well as their simplifications are, as usual in geotechnics, mainly motivated by operating experience. [source]