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Variety Of Tumors (variety + of_tumor)
Selected AbstractsThe ,II isotype of tubulin is present in the cell nuclei of a variety of cancersCYTOSKELETON, Issue 2 2004I-Tien Yeh Abstract Tubulin, the subunit protein of microtubules, has generally been thought to be exclusively a cytoplasmic protein in higher eukaryotes. We have previously shown that cultured rat kidney mesangial cells contain the ,II isotype of tubulin in their nuclei in the form of an ,,II dimer [Walss et al., 1999: Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 42:274,284, 1999]. More recently, we examined a variety of cancerous and non-cancerous cell lines and found ,II in the nuclei of all of the former and only a few of the latter (Walss-Bass et al., 2002: Cell Tissue Res. 308:215,223]. In order to determine if ,II -tubulin occurs in the nuclei of actual cancers as well as in cancer cell lines, we used the immunoperoxidase method to look for nuclear ,II in a variety of tumors excised from 201 patients. We found that 75% of these tumors contain ,II in their nuclei. Distribution of nuclear ,II was highly dependent on the type of cancer, with 100% of the colon and prostate cancers, but only 19% of the skin tumors, having nuclear ,II. Nuclear ,II was particularly marked in tumors of epithelial origin, of which 83% showed nuclear ,II, in contrast to 54% in tumors of non-epithelial origin. In many cases, ,II staining occurred very strongly in the nuclei and not in the cytoplasm; in other cases, ,II was present in both. In many cases, particularly metastases, otherwise normal cells adjacent to the tumor also showed nuclear ,II, suggesting that cancer cells may influence nearby cells to synthesize ,II and localize it to their nuclei. Our results have implications for the diagnosis, biology, and chemotherapy of cancer. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 57:96,106, 2004. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Role of fine-needle aspiration cytology in evaluation of cutaneous metastasesDIAGNOSTIC CYTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 12 2009Sonal Sharma M.D. Abstract Skin is an uncommon site for metastasis. This study was done to evaluate the role of FNAC as an important tool for investigating cutaneous and subcutaneous nodules in patients with known malignancy or as a primary manifestation of an unknown malignancy. All the FNAC done from January 2003 to August 2008 were reviewed (n = 55,556). Ninty-five patients (49 males and 46 females with age range of 4,96 years) with cutaneous/subcutaneous nodules which were diagnosed as metastasis were analyzed. Primary tumors of skin/subcutis were excluded from the study. In our study, 63 out of 95 cases had a known primary malignancy. Of these, five had underlying hematological malignancy and 58 patients had solid organ tumors. Lung carcinoma was seen to metastasize most commonly to skin in males and breast carcinoma in females. The most common site for a cutaneous/subcutaneous metastasis was chest wall [40 followed by abdominal wall (14) and scalp (9)]. Multiple site involvement was also observed (8). In 32 cases primary site was not known. They were most commonly diagnosed as poorly differentiated carcinoma followed by adenocarcinoma. FNAC can diagnose a variety of tumors in the skin and support the diagnosis of a metastasis in case of a known primary and offer a clue to underlying malignancy in case of an occult primary. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] In vivo investigation of CD133 as a putative marker of cancer stem cells in Hep-2 cell lineHEAD & NECK: JOURNAL FOR THE SCIENCES & SPECIALTIES OF THE HEAD AND NECK, Issue 1 2009Xu Dong Wei PhD Abstract Background Mounting evidence suggests that most tumors consist of a heterogeneous population of cells with a subset population that has the exclusive tumorigenic ability. They are called cancer stem cells (CSCs). CSCs can self-renew to generate additional CSCs and also differentiate to generate phenotypically diverse cancer cells with limited proliferative potential. They have been identified in a variety of tumors. In this study, we identify the marker of CSCs in the established human laryngeal tumor Hep-2 cell line in vivo. Our in vitro experiment shown as CD133, a 5-transmembrane glycoprotein expressed in Hep-2 cell line. CD133 was supposed as a candidate of CSC in laryngeal carcinoma. In this study, the expression of CD133 was detected in a Hep-2 cell line. Applying the magnetic cell sorting (MACS) technology, we reported the results of purifying CD133 positive cells from a Hep-2 cell line. Three-type cells' tumor-forming ability was examined in vivo to identify the marker of CSCs in Hep-2 cell line. Methods CD133 was selected as a putative marker of CSC in laryngeal carcinoma, Hep-2 cell lines. Flow cytometry was used to detect the expression of CD133 in the Hep-2 cell line. Immunomagnetic beads were applied to purify CD133-positive cells. CD133(+), CD133(,) tumor cells, and unsorted Hep-2 cells were injected into severe combined immune deficiency (SCID) mice individually to observe tumor-forming ability. Results Only a small proportion (3.15% ± 0.83%) of cells in the Hep-2 cell line express the CD133 marker. In comparison with CD133(,) tumor cells and unsorted cells, CD133(+) cells possess a marked capacity for tumor formation in vivo (p <.05). Conclusion CD133 is 1 of the markers for CSCs in human laryngeal tumors of the Hep-2 cell line. Work on the characterization of these cells provides a powerful tool to investigate the tumorigenic process in the larynx and to develop therapies targeting the CSC. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2009 [source] Hyaluronan and its receptors in mucoepidermoid carcinomaHEAD & NECK: JOURNAL FOR THE SCIENCES & SPECIALTIES OF THE HEAD AND NECK, Issue 2 2006Richard O. Wein MD Abstract Background. Hyaluronan (HA) is a prominent extracellular matrix component undergoing continuous production and degradation. Increased HA levels have been described in a variety of tumors. The objective of this study was to examine the staining patterns of HA and two of its associated receptors (CD44 and HARE) in relation to the metastatic potential of mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MC). Immunohistochemical staining of preserved surgical specimens was used. Methods. Tissues from 12 patients with a histologic diagnosis of salivary MC (10 parotid, one submandibular gland, one minor salivary gland) were studied. Half (six of 12) of the patients had regional metastases. Tumor, normal salivary tissue, and regional lymph nodes were stained for HA, CD44, and HARE expression. Specimens were graded for staining intensity and a percent of the specimen stained. Results. Normal salivary tissue did not demonstrate epithelial cell surface HA expression, whereas HA was expressed on tumor cells and in regional lymph nodes containing metastases. These differences were both significant using Student's t test (p < .00002, and p < .0022, respectively). Tumors with positive nodes tended to have greater cell surface HA. Decreased expression or downregulation of HARE was also noted in involved lymph nodes. No differences in CD44 expression were seen between primary specimens and lymph nodes. The observed staining patterns for CD44 and HARE were not reflective of the metastatic potential of the primary MC. Conclusions. Increased HA expression was seen on mucoepidermoid carcinoma cells compared with adjacent normal salivary gland epithelium. This observation may assist in explaining the development of regional metastasis in these tumors. We did not identify specific HA, CD44, or HARE staining patterns in primary lesions that were predictive of regional metastases. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck27: XXX,XXX, 2005 [source] Oncoprotein BMI-1 induces the malignant transformation of HaCaT cellsJOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY, Issue 1 2009Qian Wang Abstract BMI-1 (B-cell-specific Moloney murine leukemia virus integration site 1), a novel oncogene, has attracted much attention in recent years for its involvement in the initiation of a variety of tumors. Recent evidence showed that BMI-1 was highly expressed in neoplastic skin lesions. However, whether dysregulated BMI-1 expression is causal for the transformation of skin cells remains unknown. In this study, we stably expressed BMI-1 in a human keratinocyte cell line, HaCaT. The expression of wild-type BMI-1 induced the malignant transformation of HaCaT cells in vitro. More importantly, we found that expression of BMI-1 promoted formation of squamous cell carcinomas in vivo. Furthermore, we showed that BMI-1 expression led to the downregulation of tumore suppressors, such as p16INK4a and p14ARF, cell adhesion molecules, such as E-Cadherin, and differentiation related factor, such as KRT6. Therefore, our findings demonstrated that dysregulated BMI-1 could indeed lead to keratinocytes transformation and tumorigenesis, potentially through promoting cell cycle progression and increasing cell mobility. J. Cell. Biochem. 106: 16,24, 2009. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Targeting gold at the end of the rainbow: Surgical gamma probes in the 21st centuryJOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY, Issue 4 2007Frederick L. Moffat Jr MD Abstract Surgical gamma detection probes (GDPs) have become important in the surgical management of neoplastic disease in the past 20 years. Their history and radiophysics are discussed, with consideration of the overarching issue of tumor-to-background ratio (TBR). GDPs are currently most commonly used in sentinel node applications in a variety of tumors. Whether their role in clinical surgical practice can be extended to other applications will depend on the development of radiolabeled tumor marking agents which have much improved TBR, and parallel developments in oncology research which may overtake this technology. J. Surg. Oncol. 2007;96:286,289. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Pathological significance of vascular endothelial growth factor A isoform expression in human cancerPATHOLOGY INTERNATIONAL, Issue 5-6 2002Masato Nakamura Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a highly specific factor for vascular endothelial cells. Five VEGF-A isoforms (splice variants 121, 145, 165, 189 and 206) are generated as a result of alternative splicing from a single VEGF-A gene. These differ in their molecular weights and in biological properties such as their ability to bind to cell-surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans. Deregulated VEGF-A expression contributes to the development of solid tumors by promoting tumor angiogenesis. More specifically, VEGF-A189 expression is related to angiogenesis and prognosis in certain human solid tumors. VEGF-A189 expression is also related to the xenotransplantability of human cancers into immunodeficient mice in vivo. Consequently, inhibition of VEGF-A or VEGF-A189 signaling regulates the development and metastasis of a variety of tumors. This review focuses on recent studies of the mechanisms by which VEGF-A regulates angiogenesis in the cancer stroma and on our recent findings concerning the potential mechanisms of VEGF-A189 expression on tumor growth and metastasis. [source] Development of an immuno tandem mass spectrometry (iMALDI) assay for EGFR diagnosisPROTEOMICS - CLINICAL APPLICATIONS, Issue 12 2007Jian Jiang Abstract The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is highly expressed in a variety of tumors, and is therefore an important biomarker for cancer diagnosis and a target for cancer therapy. We have developed a novel peptide-based immuno tandem mass spectrometry (iMALDI) diagnostic assay for highly sensitive, highly specific, and quantitative analysis of EGFR, which we have applied to the detection of the EGFR peptide in three cell lines and in a tumor biopsy sample. This assay is capable of detecting the EGFR target peptide bound to the antibody beads at attomole levels. The ability to directly obtain amino acid sequence data by MS/MS on any affinity-captured peptides provides specificity to this diagnostic technique. This avoids the problem of "false positives" which can result from the nonspecific binding that can occur with any affinity-based technique. The addition of stable-labeled versions of the target peptide (synthesized from stable-isotope coded amino acids) as internal standards allows absolute quantitation of the target protein. [source] | |||||||||||||