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Vast Range (vast + range)
Selected AbstractsSchooling the Possible SelfCURRICULUM INQUIRY, Issue 4 2004CYNTHIA MCCALLISTER ABSTRACT From a social perspective, one's identity is entirely the product of interaction with others. As children participate in the vast range of social situations, they collect impressions of themselves that coalesce to form a sense of who they are, as well as a narrative framework that helps explain the world and their place within it. These insights create a dynamic identity that is stimulated by one's sense of potential and possibility. The social perspective provides a way to understand how school situations offer the substance from which children develop a sense of self. Literacy is a particularly powerful conduit for the development of self. An understanding of language and literacy, and how these processes are taken up by the child as means to shape his or her social connections and, by extension, his or her social reality, demands an understanding of self and how it evolves through interaction in a range of contexts. The purpose of this article is to describe how "self" plays out through literacy situations at home and school. Borrowing from social and cultural descriptions of the development of self, this article illustrates how these situations provide contexts for the expression and development of self, and offers implications for curriculum and classroom practice. [source] Shaggy/GSK-3, kinase localizes to the centrosome and to specialized cytoskeletal structures in DrosophilaCYTOSKELETON, Issue 6 2006Yves Bobinnec Abstract The assembly of a functional bipolar mitotic spindle requires an exquisite regulation of microtubule behavior in time and space. To characterize new elements of this machinery we carried out a GFP based "protein trap" screen and selected fusion proteins which localized to the spindle apparatus. By this method we identified Shaggy, the Drosophila homologue of glycogen synthase kinase-3, (GSK-3,), as a component of centrosomes. GSK-3, acting in the Wingless signaling pathway is involved in a vast range of developmental processes, from pattern formation to cell-fate specification, and is a key factor for cell proliferation in most animals. We exploited our Shaggy::GFP Drosophila line to analyze the subcellular localizations of GSK-3,/Shaggy and shed light on its multiple roles during embryogenesis. We found that Shaggy becomes enriched transiently in a variety of specialized cytoskeletal structures of the embryo, including centrosomes throughout mitosis, suggesting that this kinase is involved in the regulation of many aspects of the cytoskeleton function. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 2006. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Synthesis of Novel gluco - and galacto -Functionalized Platinum Complexes,EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Issue 28 2009Janina Möker Abstract Cisplatin, carboplatin, oxaliplatin and further derivatives are worldwide established cytostatics for the treatment of a vast range of tumours. These drugs showed extraordinary success; however, side effects and primary or developed secondary resistance of tumour cells represent severe problems, which prompt the development of novel functionalized platinum complexes. Selectively protected monohydroxy derivatives of glucose and galactose could be etherified by ,-halo ethers. Further, Finkelstein reaction and malonate synthesis gave precursor glycoconjugates which were easily transformed into their (diammine)platinum complexes. First tests with different tumour cell lines show biological activity of the gluco -functionalized platinum complex.(© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009) [source] Approaches to career success: An exploration of surreptitious career-success strategiesHUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, Issue 1 2006Lloyd C. Harris Theorists have forwarded a vast range of career-success determinants, including sociodemographic, social capital, personality, and other behavioral factors. We suggest that existing studies have overconcentrated on the overt behavioral determinants of career success to the detriment of the covert, clandestine, and concealed. Our analysis of two detailed qualitative case studies involving 112 indepth interviews with executives, managers, supervisors, and front-line staff in a large financial services organization and a medium-sized fashionable restaurant group uncovered five main strategies of surreptitious career success. These strategies are obligation creation and exploitation, personal-status enhancement, information acquisition and control, similarity exploitation, and proactive vertical alignment. Our findings indicate that just over 79% of those interviewed (88 of 112) referred to, at some point in their careers, premeditated strategies to enhance their careers that they concealed from coworkers. Consequently, we argue that surreptitious actions are central to employee career-focused activities and fundamental to a more complete understanding of the complexities of career-oriented employee behavior. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source] Discourses of community: challenges for social workINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL WELFARE, Issue 2 2006Margaret Lynn The ambiguity of community allows it to be a space for a vast range of imposed and ,organic' social reproduction functions, and an accessible site for meaningful collective action, but it also has the potential for disempowerment. The breadth of the concept of ,community' allows for it to be critiqued as ephemeral or as romantic fiction, but also used and exploited by government. It is because it retains such power to evoke reaction and contest that we need to understand the power that drives it, and the ideological purpose for which it may be used or misused. The notion of discourse immediately becomes useful. We can recognise competing discourses of community, and examine how they are used politically. We can recognise ways in which social work can engage with community discourses of empowerment rather than control. The article will explore a number of discourses and examine their usefulness for practice. [source] Toll-like receptors and their role in gastrointestinal diseaseJOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY, Issue 6 2009Adam G Testro Abstract The innate immune response to invading pathogens is centred upon a family of non-clonal, germline-encoded pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), the Toll-like receptors (TLRs). These provide specificity for a vast range of microbial pathogens, and offer an immediate anti-microbial response system. Thirteen mammalian TLRs have been described; 10 are expressed in humans, each responsible for the recognition of distinct, invariant microbial structures originating from bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoa. The two most thoroughly studied are TLR4 and TLR2, the PRRs for Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial products, respectively. TLR4 is also the major receptor recognising endogenous ligands released from damaged or dying cells. Activation of a TLR by its relevant ligand rapidly ignites a complex intracellular signaling cascade that ultimately results in upregulation of inflammatory genes and production of proinflammatory cytokines, interferons and recruitment of myeloid cells. It also stimulates expression, upon antigen presenting cells, of co-stimulatory molecules required to induce an adaptive immune response. Whilst a robust TLR response is critical for survival and defence against invading pathogens, inappropriate signaling in response to alterations in the local microflora environment can be detrimental. Such ,unhelpful TLR responses' could form the basis for a large number of gastrointestinal and liver disorders, including inflammatory bowel disease, viral hepatitis, autoimmune liver diseases and hepatic fibrosis. As our understanding of TLRs expands, the pathogenesis of a number of gastrointestinal disorders will be further elucidated, and this offers potential for specific therapies aimed directly at TLR signaling. [source] X-ray birefringence and dichroism obtained from magnetic materialsJOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION, Issue 4 2001S. W. Lovesey In the past decade, synchrotron radiation has triggered a surge in studies of the polarization dependence of X-ray beams passing through non-isotropic materials. A vast range of experimental results concerning polarization-dependent absorption (dichroism) and dispersion (birefringence, for example) are available from materials which are either magnetic or exhibit preferred directions due to the local atomic environment. This article aims to bring together the diversity of modern experiments in this field with established methods of optical calculus, in a way that highlights the simplicity of the underlying physics. A useful framework is formed when observable quantities, in the X-ray case, are related to atomic variables of the sample material. Atomic descriptions of absorption spectra with various levels of complexity are considered, and some well documented sum-rules are encountered. The framework is the most general allowed within the electric dipole approximation. By way of illustration, dichroic X-ray absorption by two materials with highly anisotropic properties and magnetic ions with different valence shells are considered; namely, a 3d -transition ion in ferrous niobate, and a lanthanide ion in dysprosium borocarbide. Both materials display interesting magnetic properties that are challenging to interpret at an atomic level of detail, and it is shown how absorption experiments can contribute to resolving some issues. [source] Components of Olive Oil and Chemoprevention of Colorectal CancerNUTRITION REVIEWS, Issue 11 2005Yumi Z.H.Y. Hashim Olive oil contains a vast range of substances such as monounsaturated free fatty acids (e.g., oleic acid), hydrocarbon squalene, tocopherols, aroma components, and phenolic compounds. Higher consumption of olive oil is considered the hallmark of the traditional Mediterranean diet, which has been associated with low incidence and prevalence of cancer, including colorectal cancer. The anticancer properties of olive oil have been attributed to its high levels of monounsaturated fatty acids, squalene, tocopherols, and phenolic compounds. Nevertheless, there is a growing interest in studying the role of olive oil phenolics in carcinogenesis. This review aims to provide an overview of the relationship between olive oil phenolics and colorectal cancer, in particular summarizing the epidemiologic, in vitro, cellular, and animal studies on antioxidant and anticarcinogenic effects of olive oil phenolics. [source] Parliamentary Election Turnout in Europe since 1990POLITICAL STUDIES, Issue 5 2002Alan Siaroff This article examines the cross-national variations in turnout for parliamentary elections in Europe since 1990 , a continent with a vast range in turnout levels and some clear subregional patterns, especially that of low turnout in East-Central Europe. A full range of socio-economic, mobilizational, party system, institutional, and contextual factors are examined for bivariate relationships with turnout. A multivariate model then indicates that cross-national turnout is higher where there is strictly enforced compulsory voting, in polarized two-party systems and countries with a high level of party membership, and where there are no relevant elected presidents or strong regional governments. Variances on these and other key factors are what accounts for the subregional pattern of East-Central Europe and the highest turnout case of Malta; however, Switzerland is confirmed to be a significant national dummy variable. [source] A new generation of protein display scaffolds for molecular recognitionPROTEIN SCIENCE, Issue 1 2006Ralf J. Hosse Abstract Engineered antibodies and their fragments are invaluable tools for a vast range of biotechnological and pharmaceutical applications. However, they are facing increasing competition from a new generation of protein display scaffolds, specifically selected for binding virtually any target. Some of them have already entered clinical trials. Most of these nonimmunoglobulin proteins are involved in natural binding events and have amazingly diverse origins, frameworks, and functions, including even intrinsic enzyme activity. In many respects, they are superior over antibody-derived affinity molecules and offer an ever-extending arsenal of tools for, e.g., affinity purification, protein microarray technology, bioimaging, enzyme inhibition, and potential drug delivery. As excellent supporting frameworks for the presentation of polypeptide libraries, they can be subjected to powerful in vitro or in vivo selection and evolution strategies, enabling the isolation of high-affinity binding reagents. This article reviews the generation of these novel binding reagents, describing validated and advanced alternative scaffolds as well as the most recent nonimmunoglobulin libraries. Characteristics of these protein scaffolds in terms of structural stability, tolerance to multiple substitutions, ease of expression, and subsequent applications as specific targeting molecules are discussed. Furthermore, this review shows the close linkage between these novel protein tools and the constantly developing display, selection, and evolution strategies using phage display, ribosome display, mRNA display, cell surface display, or IVC (in vitro compartmentalization). Here, we predict the important role of these novel binding reagents as a toolkit for biotechnological and biomedical applications. [source] Probability distribution functions for the Sun's magnetic fieldASTRONOMISCHE NACHRICHTEN, Issue 6 2010J.O. Stenflo Abstract Magnetoconvection structures the Sun's magnetic field cover a vast range of scales, down to the magnetic diffusion scale that is orders of magnitude smaller than the resolution of current telescopes. The statistical properties of this structuring are governed by probability density functions (PDFs) for the flux densities and by the angular distribution functions for the orientations of the field vectors. The magnetic structuring on sub-pixel scales greatly affects the field properties averaged over the resolution element due to the non-linear relation between polarization and magnetic field. Here we use a Hinode SOT/SP data set for the quiet Sun disk center to explore the complex behavior of the 6301,6302 Å Stokes line profile system and identify the observables that allow us to determine the distribution functions in the most robust and least model dependent way. The angular distribution is found to be strongly peaked around the vertical direction for large flux densities but widens with decreasing flux density to become isotropic in the limit of zero flux density. The noise-corrected PDFs for the vertical, horizontal, and total flux densities all have a narrowly peaked maximum at zero flux density that can be fitted with a stretched exponential, while the extended wings decline quadratically (© 2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source] Environment and luminosity of supernova remnantsASTRONOMISCHE NACHRICHTEN, Issue 5-6 2006L. K. Hunt Abstract The explosion of supernovae and the evolution of their remnants (SNRs) accelerate cosmic rays over a vast range of timescales. Magnetic fields can be investigated indirectly through one of the observational signatures of this acceleration, namely radio synchrotron emission. With the aim of better understanding the role of the magnetic field in supernova evolution, we explore the variation of SNR radio luminosities with physical conditions in the surrounding interstellar medium. With a data set that comprises more than 90 individual SNRs in 10 galaxies, and a range of 3000 in ISM density and 104 in radio synchrotron luminosity, we find a significant correlation between the two quantities. The observed trends support the hypothesis that adiabatic compression of magnetic fields by itself is insuf.cient to explain the radio emission of the brighter and more luminous in SNRs. (© 2006 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source] Species delimitation in the Acomys cahirinus,dimidiatus complex (Rodentia, Muridae) inferred from chromosomal and morphological analysesBIOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY, Issue 2 2007V. VOLOBOUEV Our earlier chromosome banding studies of Acomys cahirinus and Acomys dimidiatus (the latter long considered to be a subspecies of the former) revealed that, despite very close diploid numbers (36 vs. 38), these taxa possess sharply different karyotypes and undoubtedly belong to different species. In this context, the taxonomic status and the relationship between the two chromosomal forms in Sinai (2n = 36) and Israel (2n = 38), chromosomally homozygous across a vast range except for a very narrow hybrid zone, remain poorly documented. Neither of these forms have previously been studied by chromosome banding; thus, the exact nature of chromosomal differences as well as the species to which these forms should be assigned remain unknown. Here, we present the data on comparative G-banding analysis and morphometrics of Acomys from Israel, Sinai, and Saudi Arabia, and a hybrid obtained in laboratory crosses between latter two. The analysis revealed that karyotype of Acomys from Israel is identical to that of Acomys from Saudi Arabia and both are different from that of Acomys from Sinai by one Robertsonian fusion. Therefore, karyotypically, all three are very different from A. cahirinus. It follows from the study that Sinai and probably Arabian peninsula and Minor Asia must be excluded from geographical distribution of A. cahirinus, which is limited from West Sahara to Egypt along Nile river (except Sinai). Furthermore, the synthesis of chromosomal and recent molecular data suggests a phylogeographical scenario explaining the modern distribution of Acomys in the Sinai and Arabian peninsulas and permits the update of the taxonomic status of these populations. © 2007 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2007, 91, 203,214. [source] Baculovirus P35 protein: An overview of its applications across multiple therapeutic and biotechnological arenasBIOTECHNOLOGY PROGRESS, Issue 2 2010Sudhir Sahdev Abstract Baculovirus immediate early P35 protein is well known for its anti-apoptotic as well as anti-oxidant properties. Mechanism of action of P35 involves inhibition of a vast range of initiator to executioner class of caspases. In addition, P35's role in inhibiting oxidant-induced mitochondrial damage, primarily in the apoptotic pathway, has also been extensively investigated. Elucidation of P35's functions during regulation of programmed cell death (PCD) has led to a renewed focus on exploiting this basic knowledge for clinical and other related applications. This review outlines specific biochemical and genetic pathways where P35 intervenes and regulates rate-limiting steps in the apoptotic signaling cascade. Research efforts are underway to utilize P35 as an agent in regulating apoptosis and under certain circumstances, also explore the therapeutic potential of its anti-oxidant features. One of the major outcomes of recent studies include significantly improved effectiveness of cytochrome P450 directed enzyme pro-drug delivery tools when used in conjunction with P35, which may help in alleviating drug resistance in tumor cells and simultaneously prolonging the cytotoxic effects of anti-cancer drugs. Moreover, applied research carried out recently in the fields of diabetes, ischemia-induced neuronal cell death, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), multiple sclerosis (MS), inflammatory arthritis, cardiovascular and ocular disorders illustrate P35's utilization across diverse therapeutic areas and will certainly make it an attractive biomolecule for the discovery research. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2010 [source] Disrupting specific PDZ domain-mediated interactions for therapeutic benefitBRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY, Issue 2 2009Miles D Houslay The past two decades have seen an immense increase in our appreciation of the vast range of signalling processes and supporting machinery that occur in cells. Pivotal to this is the notion of signal compartmentalization (compartmentation). Targeting by protein domains is critical in allowing signalling complexes to be assembled at defined intracellular locales so as to confer correct function. This issue of the BJP contains two intriguing articles that address functional protein,protein interactions involving PDZ domains [Post-synaptic density protein-95 (PSD95), Drosophila disc large tumour suppressor (DlgA) and Zonula occludens-1 protein (zo-1)] and their implications for signalling. One involves targeting of neuronal nitric oxide synthase to the N-methyl D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor via the PDZ-containing signal scaffold, PSD95. The other involves controlling multiple receptor inputs into regulation of epithelial Na+K+ -ATPase through the PDZ-containing signal scaffold Pals-associated tight junction. Highlighted is not only the use of dominant-negative strategies to identify the importance of targeting at specific types of PDZ domains but also the exciting notion that small molecule disruptors of interaction at specific PDZ domains can be generated for potential therapeutic application. [source] | |||||||||||||||||||