Home About us Contact | |||
Use
Kinds of Use Terms modified by Use Selected AbstractsEXAMINING THE "CRIMINAL CAREERS" OF PROSTITUTES WITHIN THE NEXUS OF DRUG USE, DRUG SELLING, AND OTHER ILLICIT ACTIVITIES,CRIMINOLOGY, Issue 3 2000SHEILA ROYO MAXWELL This paper examines the co-occurrence of prostitution, drug use, drug selling, and involvement in non-drug crimes among women who have used serious drugs (e.g., crack, heroin). Existing perspectives on the drug use-prostitution nexus are re-examined using three dimensions of the criminal career paradigm: prevalence, lambda, and age of onset. Results show that approximately one-half of the women who reported regular drug use never prostituted, and that, except for use of crack cocaine, use of other drugs was unrelated to the prevalence, frequency, or age of onset into prostitution. The results also show that committing property crime was associated with an increased prevalence and early onset into prostitution, while selling drugs coincided with a decreased prevalence and delayed onset into prostitution. [source] HOMELESS SHELTER USE AND REINCARCERATION FOLLOWING PRISON RELEASE,CRIMINOLOGY AND PUBLIC POLICY, Issue 2 2004STEPHEN METRAUX Research Summary: This paper examines the incidence of and interrelationships between shelter use and reincarceration among a cohort of 48,424 persons who were released from New York State prisons to New York City in 1995,1998. Results show that, within two years of release, 11.4% of the study group entered a New York City homeless shelter and 32.8% of this group was again imprisoned. Using survival analysis methods, time since prison release and history of residential instability were the most salient risk factors related to shelter use, and shelter use increased the risk of subsequent reincarceration. Policy Implications: These findings show both homelessness and reincarceration to be substantial problems among a population of released prisoners, problems that fall into the more general framework of community reintegration. They also suggest that enhanced housing and related services, when targeted to a relatively small at-risk group among this population, have the potential to substantially reduce the overall risk for homelessness in the group. [source] Multicenter Study of the Safety and Efficacy of a 585 nm Pulsed-Dye Laser for the Nonablative Treatment of Facial RhytidesDERMATOLOGIC SURGERY, Issue 1 2005T. S. Jeffrey Hsu MD Objective The objective of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of a 585 nm flashlamp pulsed-dye laser for the nonablative treatment of facial rhytides. Methods A multicenter prospective randomized controlled study on 58 volunteers was performed. A split-face approach was adopted, with one periorbital region acting as a control and the other receiving either one or two treatments. Patients were photographed and imaged three-dimensionally before and after treatment. Histologic sections were analyzed. Results Three-dimensional topographic evaluation showed improvements of 9.8% (p= .0022) and 15% (p= .0029) in surface roughness for single and double treatments, respectively. Histology revealed an increase in type I collagen messenger ribonucleic acid expression, type III procollagen, chondroitin sulfate, and grenz zone thickness. Two treatments resulted in greater improvement than one treatment. Conclusion Clinical improvement was achieved following a single treatment. Further improvement was observed following a second treatment. The subjective evaluation of clinical improvement was consistent with both histologic and topographic quantitative measurements. SUZANNE KILMER, MD, AND JAY BURNS, MD, RECEIVED THE USE OF THE LASER FOR RESEARCH AND A DISCOUNTED PURCHASE AGREEMENT. THEY BOTH ACKNOWLEDGE RECEIVING HONORARIA FOR LECTURING FROM THE MANUFACTURER. BRIAN ZELICKSON, MD, RECEIVED RESEARCH GRANTS FROM ICN. [source] CLINICAL USE OF THE NEWLY DEVELOPED ELECTRONIC RADIAL ULTRASOUND ENDOSCOPEDIGESTIVE ENDOSCOPY, Issue 1 2006Masami Ogawa Background:, Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) is widely accepted as a diagnostic tool for bilio-pancreatic and gastrointestinal tract diseases. Recently, an ultrasound endoscope with an electronic radial scan transducer has been developed. To evaluate the clinical usefulness of this system, its image quality, advantages and disadvantages were evaluated. Materials and methods:, Ultrasound endoscope with electronic radial scan transducer and its monitor unit were used. The direction of the imaging plane was similar to that of the mechanical radial models. Color Doppler function and tissue harmonic imaging were feasible by this system. To evaluate this endoscope, we investigated the image quality and distance resolution by in-vitro study using thin papers, and 50 patients were examined by this system. Results:, Comparison with the mechanical radial endoscope GF-UM2000 revealed that the image quality was almost equivalent. However, the ultrasound penetration of the electronic radial scanner was better and more satisfactory with less echoic reduction. In addition, the blood-flow signal could be obtained by using the color Doppler function. In contrast, the diameter of the new endoscope was bigger than the advanced mechanical radial models, the monitor unit was bigger than that of the mechanical radial system, and the operation of this unit was complicated. Conclusion:, A prototype of the ultrasound endoscope with electronic radial scan showed satisfactory results regarding the image quality, ultrasound penetration, and clinical diagnosis. The blood flow could be investigated by using the color Doppler function, which is useful to diagnose lesions and detect involvement of the blood vessels in cancers. [source] DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC USE OF INFRARED RAYSDIGESTIVE ENDOSCOPY, Issue 2 2000Norichika Narimiya First page of article [source] WHAT ARE THE POLICY IMPLICATIONS OF THE EVIDENCE ON CANNABIS USE AND PSYCHOSIS?ADDICTION, Issue 8 2010WAYNE HALL No abstract is available for this article. [source] ESTIMATING HARMFUL EFFECTS OF CANNABIS AND USE FOR POLICY MAKERS SHIFTING FROM ONE MISTAKE TO THE NEXT?ADDICTION, Issue 8 2010HANS-ULRICH WITTCHEN No abstract is available for this article. [source] IS THERE A CAUSAL LINKAGE BETWEEN CANNABIS USE AND INCREASED RISKS OF PSYCHOTIC SYMPTOMS?ADDICTION, Issue 8 2010DAVID M. FERGUSSON No abstract is available for this article. [source] RESPONSE TO COMMENTARIES: MOVING TOWARDS AN EVIDENCE-BASED POLICY AROUND CANNABIS USEADDICTION, Issue 8 2010JOHN MACLEOD No abstract is available for this article. [source] THE USE OF CONTRACT BY GOVERNMENT AND ITS AGENTSECONOMIC AFFAIRS, Issue 1 2009Martin Ricketts Given that the provision of a service is being controlled by the state, the decision whether to contract out that service provision to the private sector is essentially a business decision. A number of economic advantages and disadvantages need to be offset against each other. Governments are poorly placed to make such decisions and it is no surprise that PPPs are often inefficient and steered by political objectives. [source] [Commentary] EARLY PUBERTAL MATURATION AND DRUG USE: UNDERLYING MECHANISMSADDICTION, Issue 1 2009RUTGER C. M. E. ENGELS No abstract is available for this article. [source] THE ABSURDITY OF THE USE OF ,ALCOHOL ABUSE'ADDICTION, Issue 1 2009DAVID MARJOT No abstract is available for this article. [source] ABORTION AND SUBSTANCE USE: CAUSE OR CONFOUNDING?ADDICTION, Issue 1 2009PREBEN AAVITSLAND No abstract is available for this article. [source] ABORTION, SUBSTANCE USE AND CONFOUNDING: A REPLY TO AAVITSLAND (2009)ADDICTION, Issue 1 2009WILLY PEDERSEN No abstract is available for this article. [source] PREVENTING HARMFUL SUBSTANCE USE: THE EVIDENCE FOR POLICY AND PRACTICEADDICTION, Issue 6 2006SHANE DARKE No abstract is available for this article. [source] IS LEVEL OF INTEREST AMONG CANNABIS USERS IN SELF-HELP MATERIALS AND OTHER SERVICES AIMED AT REDUCING PROBLEM USE?ADDICTION, Issue 4 2005JOHN CUNNINGHAM No abstract is available for this article. [source] REPORTING BIAS AND SELF-REPORTED DRUG USEADDICTION, Issue 4 2005JOHN MACLEOD DR No abstract is available for this article. [source] THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SEXUAL SIZE DIMORPHISM AND HABITAT USE IN GREATER ANTILLEAN ANOLIS LIZARDSEVOLUTION, Issue 1 2000Marguerite A. Butler Abstract., Sexual size dimorphism (SSD) is the evolutionary result of selection operating differently on the body sizes of males and females. Anolis lizard species of the Greater Antilles have been classified into ecomorph classes, largely on the basis of their structural habitat (perch height and diameter). We show that the major ecomorph classes differ in degree of SSD. At least two SSD classes are supported: high SSD (trunk-crown, trunk-ground) and low SSD (trunk, crown-giant, grass-bush, twig). Differences cannot be attributed to an allometric increase of SSD with body size or to a phylogenetic effect. A third explanation, that selective pressures on male and/or female body size vary among habitat types, is examined by evaluating expectations from the major relevant kinds of selective pressures. Although no one kind of selective pressure produces expectations consistent with all of the information, competition with respect to structural habitat and sexual selection pressures are more likely possibilities than competition with respect to prey size or optimal feeding pressures. The existence of habitat-specific sexual dimorphism suggests that adaptation of Anolis species to their environment is more complex than previously appreciated. [source] INTEGRATING DYNAMIC SYSTEMS MATERIALS INTO A MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CURRICULUM THROUGH INNOVATIVE USE OF WEB-BASED ACQUISITION AND HANDS-ON APPLICATION AND USE OF VIRTUAL GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACES Part 6: Design of a Measurement System to Integrate STEM MaterialEXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES, Issue 4 2008Pete Avitabile First page of article [source] INTEGRATING DYNAMIC SYSTEMS MATERIALS INTO A MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CURRICULUM THROUGH INNOVATIVE USE OF WEB-BASED ACQUISITION AND HANDS-ON APPLICATION AND USE OF VIRTUAL GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACES Part 5: Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs) Assist in Solidifying Analytical MaterialsEXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES, Issue 3 2008Pete Avitabile First page of article [source] INTEGRATING DYNAMIC SYSTEMS MATERIALS INTO A MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CURRICULUM THROUGH INNOVATIVE USE OF WEB-BASED ACQUISITION AND HANDS-ON APPLICATION AND USE OF VIRTUAL GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACES Part 4: Alternate Approaches for Teaching Fourier Series ApplicationsEXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES, Issue 2 2008Pete Avitabile First page of article [source] INTEGRATING DYNAMIC SYSTEMS MATERIALS INTO A MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CURRICULUM THROUGH INNOVATIVE USE OF WEB-BASED ACQUISITION AND HANDS-ON APPLICATION AND USE OF VIRTUAL GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACES Part 3: Dynamic Systems,Analytical and Experimental System CharacterizationEXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES, Issue 1 2008Pete Avitabile First page of article [source] INTEGRATING DYNAMIC SYSTEMS MATERIALS INTO A MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CURRICULUM THROUGH INNOVATIVE USE OF WEB-BASED ACQUISITION AND HANDS-ON APPLICATION AND USE OF VIRTUAL GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACES Part 2: Numerical Difficulties Processing Measured DataEXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES, Issue 6 2007Pete Avitabile First page of article [source] INTEGRATING DYNAMIC SYSTEMS MATERIALS INTO A MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CURRICULUM THROUGH INNOVATIVE USE OF WEB-BASED ACQUISITION AND HANDS-ON APPLICATION AND USE OF VIRTUAL GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACES Part 1: Background of Problem and Generic Methodology EmployedEXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES, Issue 5 2007Pete Avitabile First page of article [source] BREAKING DOWN BUSINESS VALUATION: THE USE OF COURT-APPOINTED BUSINESS APPRAISERS IN DIVORCE ACTIONS*FAMILY COURT REVIEW, Issue 4 2006Donna TumminioArticle first published online: 11 SEP 200 This Note advocates for greater reliance on court-appointed business appraisers in divorce proceedings. After exploring the history of court-appointed experts in American jurisprudence and addressing the specific problems that arise when valuing a business, this Note demonstrates how neutral business appraisers can assist courts in assessing a highly technical matter while simultaneously providing both courts and parties with an accurate, reliable source of information. The Note further provides suggestions for when the appointment of a neutral appraiser may be beneficial. The second section of this Note addresses technical matters that the court must deal with in selecting a reliable expert, including where the court derives its power to appoint a neutral expert, what standards the court should use in appointing the expert, and who should pay the cost of the expert's appointment. [source] STRICTLY LIABLE: GOVERNMENTAL USE OF THE PARENT,CHILD RELATIONSHIP AS A BASIS FOR HOLDING VICTIMS LIABLE FOR THEIR CHILD'S WITNESS TO DOMESTIC VIOLENCEFAMILY COURT REVIEW, Issue 1 2006Sharon N. ClarkeArticle first published online: 10 FEB 200 Studies estimate that between three and ten million children in the United States witness domestic violence annually. Although studies have demonstrated a co-occurrence of domestic violence and child abuse, there is no concrete evidence to support the assumption that a child's exposure to domestic violence increases the risk to the child of abuse or neglect. Recently the New York State Court of Appeals determined that a child's witness to abuse does not suffice, in and of itself, to show that removal of the child is necessary or that removal is in the "best interests" of the child. Programs which have developed alternatives to presumptive removal understand the importance of viewing the interests of the battered parent and children as being in accord with each other rather than in opposition. Private and government sponsored programs have demonstrated some success in protecting the parent-child relationship, ensuring the safety of both parent and child, and increasing accountability of batterers while reducing the necessity for removals. Alternative programs are less costly to the state than foster care, and emotionally less costly to the families. [source] NEW PUBLIC MANAGEMENT: PERSPECTIVES ON PERFORMANCE AND THE USE OF PERFORMANCE INFORMATIONFINANCIAL ACCOUNTABILITY & MANAGEMENT, Issue 2 2008E. Pieter Jansen Performance information is a key-element of NPM, but politicians and managers rarely use this information. On the basis of three case studies, this paper seeks to explain the use of the newly developed performance information. The paper argues that there is a distinction between the customer perspective and the citizen perspective on performance. NPM implies a customer and an internal perspective on performance. These perspectives may be relevant to managers, but politicians are primarily interested in a citizen perspective and a financial perspective. Two situations are identified in which governmental organizations more actively use performance information with a customer perspective and an internal perspective (as implied in NPM): (1) a crisis in the organization's internal processes with political and/or financial consequences and (2) loose coupling of the performance reports to politicians and to managers, which stimulates the information use by both politicians and managers. [source] The Relationship of Post-acute Home Care Use to Medicaid Utilization and ExpendituresHEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH, Issue 3 2002Susan M. C. Payne Research Objectives: To describe the use of post-acute home care (PAHC) and total Medicaid expenditures among hospitalized nonelderly adult Medicaid eligibles and to test whether health services utilization rates or total Medicaid expenditures were lower among Medicaid eligibles who used PAHC compared to those who did not. Study Population: 5,299 Medicaid patients aged 18,64 discharged in 1992,1996 from 29 hospitals in the Cleveland Health Quality Choice (CHQC) project. Data Sources: Linked Ohio Medicaid claims and CHQC medical record abstract data. Data Extraction: One stay per patient was randomly selected. Design: Observational study. To control for treatment selection bias, we developed a model predicting the probability (propensity) a patient would be referred to PAHC, as a proxy for the patient's need for PAHC. We matched 430 patients who used Medicaid-covered PAHC ("USE") to patients who did not ("NO USE") by their propensity scores. Study outcomes were inpatient re-admission rates and days of stay (DOS), nursing home admission rates and DOS, and mean total Medicaid expenditures 90 and 180 days after discharge. Principal Findings: Of 3,788 medical patients, 12.1 percent were referred to PAHC; 64 percent of those referred used PAHC. Of 1,511 surgical patients, 10.9 percent were referred; 99 percent of those referred used PAHC. In 430 pairs of patients matched by propensity score, mean total Medicaid expenditures within 90 days after discharge were $7,649 in the USE group and $5,761 in the NO USE group. Total Medicaid expenditures were significantly higher in the USE group compared to the NO USE group for medical patients after 180 days (p<.05) and surgical patients after 90 and 180 days (p<.001). There were no significant differences for any other outcome. Sensitivity analysis indicates the results may be influenced by unmeasured variables, most likely functional status and/or care-giver support. Conclusions: Thirty-six percent of the medical patients referred to PAHC did not receive Medicaid-covered services. This suggests potential underuse among medical patients. The high post-discharge expenditures suggest opportunities for reducing costs through coordinating utilization or diverting it to lower-cost settings. Controlling for patients' need for services, PAHC utilization was not associated with lower utilization rates or lower total Medicaid expenditures. Medicaid programs are advised to proceed cautiously before expanding PAHC utilization and to monitor its use carefully. Further study, incorporating non-economic outcomes and additional factors influencing PAHC use, is warranted. [source] COST CONSIDERATION BY MEDICARE PART D PLANS MAY PROMOTE THE USE OF POTENTIALLY INAPPROPRIATE MEDICATIONSJOURNAL OF AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY, Issue 5 2010Adam G. Golden MD No abstract is available for this article. [source] ASPIRIN USE, DEPRESSION, AND COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT IN LATER LIFE: THE HEALTH IN MEN STUDYJOURNAL OF AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY, Issue 5 2010Osvaldo P. Almeida MD No abstract is available for this article. [source] |