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Upper Face (upper + face)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	60%

Selected Abstracts

Botulinum Toxin Type A Treatment of Multiple Upper Facial Sites: Patient-Reported Outcomes

DERMATOLOGIC SURGERY, Issue 2007
JEAN CARRUTHERS MD
BACKGROUND Aesthetic treatment planning must address subjects' goals and include subject-reported outcomes. OBJECTIVE The objective was to compare the effect of botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNTA) with placebo on subject-reported outcomes and to assess the utility of 64 U of BoNTA to treat the entire upper face. METHODS Forty female subjects were randomized to receive 64 U of BoNTA or identical placebo injections (double-masked) divided among 16 sites of the upper face and were followed for 12 weeks. Subjects unimproved at Week 4 were eligible for open-label BoNTA treatment and were followed through Week 16. Main outcome measures were scores on seven items of the Facial Line Outcomes Questionnaire (FLO-7) and results on the Self-Perception of Age (SPA) for assessing age of appearance relative to actual age. RESULTS BoNTA treatment resulted in significant improvements on the FLO-7 scores that were maintained throughout the study. BoNTA treatment also reduced age of appearance in a majority of subjects. Placebo had no effects on any measure. No serious adverse events occurred. CONCLUSION Sixty-four-unit BoNTA treatment of upper facial rhytids safely and significantly improves subject-reported outcomes, as measured by the FLO-7 and SPA, and results in a younger, more satisfying, relaxed appearance. [source]

Soft tissue augmentation 2006: filler fantasy

DERMATOLOGIC THERAPY, Issue 3 2006
Arnold William Klein
ABSTRACT:, As an increasing number of patients seek esthetic improvement through minimally invasive procedures, interest in soft tissue augmentation and filling agents is at an all-time high. One reason for this interest is the availability of botulinum toxin type A, which works superbly in the upper face. The rejuvenation of the upper face has created much interest in injectable filling agents and implant techniques that work equally well in the restoration of the lower face. One of the central tenets of soft tissue augmentation is the concept of the three-dimensional face. The youthful face has a soft, full appearance, as opposed to the flat, pulled, two-dimensional look often achieved by more traditional surgical approaches. Injectable filling agents can augment and even at times, replace pulling. Additionally, with the lip as the focal center of the lower face, subtle lip enhancement is here to stay, and is in fact, the number one indication for injectable fillers. Moreover, minimally invasive soft tissue augmentation offers cosmetic enhancement without the cost and recovery time associated with more invasive procedures. As more and more physicians take interest in minimally invasive surgery, courses in cosmetic surgery techniques are becoming increasingly popular at the medical meetings of many specialties. Today, physicians have a much larger armamentarium of techniques and materials with which to improve facial contours, ameliorate wrinkles, and provide esthetic rejuvenation to the face. For a substance or device to be amenable for soft tissue augmentation in the medical community, it must meet certain criteria. It must have both a high "use" potential, producing cosmetically pleasing results with a minimum undesirable reactions, and have a low abuse potential in that widespread or incorrect or indiscriminate use would not result in significant morbidity. It must be nonteratogenic, noncarcinogenic, and nonmigratory. In addition, the agent must provide predictable, persistent correction through reproducible implantation techniques. Finally, the substance, agent or device must be approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, which assures purity, safety, and accessibility, as well as much-needed information regarding use. Having a thorough understanding of the filling agents available, their indications and contraindications, as well as having thorough knowledge of implant technique are vital in providing the patient with an esthetically pleasing result. [source]

Which cranial regions reflect molecular distances reliably in humans?

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY, Issue 1 2009
Evidence from three-dimensional morphology
Knowledge of the degree to which various subsets of morphological data reflect molecular relationships is crucial for studies attempting to estimate genetic relationships from patterns of morphological variation. This study assessed the phylogenetic utility of six different human cranial regions, plus the entire cranium. Three-dimensional landmark data were collected for 83 landmarks from samples of skulls from 14 modern human populations. The data were subsequently divided into anatomical regions: basicranium, upper face, mandible, temporal bone, upper jaw, cranial vault, and a subset of points from around the entire cranium. Depictions of population molecular distances were calculated using published data on microsatellites for the same or closely related populations. Distances based on morphological variation of each of the anatomical regions were compared with molecular distances, and the correlations assessed. The morphology of the basicranium, temporal bone, upper face, and entire cranium demonstrated the highest correlations with molecular distances. The morphology of the mandible, upper jaw, and cranial vault, as measured here, were not significantly correlated with molecular distances. As the three-dimensional morphology of the temporal bone, upper face, basicranium, and entire cranium appear to consistently reflect genetic relationships in humans, especially with more reliability than the cranial vault, it would be preferable to focus on these regions when attempting to determine the genetic relationships of human specimens with no molecular data. Am. J.Hum. Biol., 2009. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

Effective Diffusivities and Convective Coefficients for CaO-CaSO4 and CaO-CaCl2 Pellets

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY (CET), Issue 1 2004
C. Akosman
Abstract Diffusion and convective flow in the pores of pellets formed by compressing mixtures of calcined limestone and CaSO4/CaCl2 powders have been studied experimentally by using the single pellet moment technique. The experiments were conducted in a diffusion cell by flowing nitrogen gas (carrier) through both faces of the pellet. Limestone powder was calcined in an atmosphere of N2 at 800,°C and mixed with CaSO4/CaCl2 for diffusion experiments. Effective diffusivity of helium has been estimated by exposing the upper face of the pellet to a pulse of and matching the response peak on the lower face of the pellet with theoretical expressions. The values of the effective diffusivities increased with temperature, but decreased with increasing CaSO4/CaCl2 content in the pellet. The convective flow contribution to the diffusion flux was found to increase with increasing pressure drop across the pellet. [source]