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Universal System (universal + system)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	50%

Selected Abstracts

Emergency treatment of chemical and thermal eye burns

ACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA, Issue 1 2002
Ralf Kuckelkorn
ABSTRACT. Chemical and thermal eye burns account for a small but significant fraction of ocular trauma. The speed at which initial irrigation of the eye begins, has the greatest influence on the prognosis and outcome of eye burns. Water is commonly recommended as an irrigation fluid. However, water is hypotonic to the corneal stroma. The osmolarity gradient causes an increased water influx into the cornea and the invasion of the corrosive substance into deeper corneal structures. We therefore recommend higher osmolarities for the initial rinsing to mobilize water and the dissolved corrosives out of the burnt tissue. Universal systems such as amphoteric solutions, which have an unspecific binding with bases and acids, provide a convenient solution for emergency neutralisation. Both conservative anti-inflammatory therapy and early surgical intervention are important to reduce the inflammatory response of the burnt tissue. In most severe eye burns, tenonplasty re-establishes the conjunctival surface and limbal vascularity and prevents anterior segment necrosis. [source]

FlexMaster: a universal system

ENDODONTIC TOPICS, Issue 1 2005
David Sonntag
FlexMaster® NiTi files have been in successful application for some years, not only in Germany but also worldwide, and their use is becoming increasingly widespread. The cutting blade design of K-type files provides for efficient working and effective removal of dentinal debris. Due to their convex cross-sectional profile, these instruments are moreover equipped with a more solid instrument core which reduces the risk of fractures and deformations. FlexMaster® instruments are among the most comprehensively investigated rotary NiTi instruments. Very good results have been reported both in numerous in vitro studies and in an in vivo setting. The present article elucidates and assesses both the scientific setting and the clinical aspects of the system. [source]

GOD's PRISONERS: PENAL CONFINEMENT AND THE CREATION OF PURGATORY

MODERN THEOLOGY, Issue 1 2006
ANDREW SKOTNICKI
This essay explores two events that occurred in the thirteenth century: the decree normalizing the prison as the fundamental disciplinary apparatus in the first universal system of law (canon law) and the formal recognition by the Catholic Church of the existence of Purgatory. It will be suggested that this simultaneity was far from coincidental. The penal colony known as Purgatory reflected in nearly exact detail the contours of the earthly prison. Implications for modern theology will then be discussed. [source]

Poor intercellular transport and absence of enhanced antiproliferative activity after non-viral gene transfer of VP22-P53 or P53-VP22 fusions into p53 null cell lines in vitro or in vivo

THE JOURNAL OF GENE MEDICINE, Issue 7 2005
David Zavaglia
Abstract Background The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) VP22 protein has the property to mediate intercellular trafficking of heterologous proteins fused to its C- or N-terminus. We have previously shown improved delivery and enhanced therapeutic effect in vitro and in vivo with a P27-VP22 fusion protein. In this report, we were interested in studying the spread and biological activity of VP22 fused to the P53 tumor suppressor. Methods Expression of the VP22-P53 and P53-VP22 fusion proteins was shown by Western blot and intercellular spreading was monitored by immunofluorescence on transiently transfected cells. In vitro antiproliferative activity of wild-type (wt) P53 and P53-VP22 was assessed by proliferation assays and transactivating ability was studied by a reporter gene test and a gel-shift assay. Antitumor activity was also tested in vivo by intratumoral injections of naked DNA in a model of subcutaneous tumors implanted in nude mice. Results Our results show that the C-terminal fusion or the N-terminal P53-VP22 fusion proteins are not able to spread as efficiently as VP22. Moreover, we demonstrate that VP22-P53 does not possess any transactivating ability. P53-VP22 has an antiproliferative activity, but this activity is not superior to the one of P53 alone, in vitro or in vivo. Conclusions Our study indicates that a gene transfer strategy using VP22 cannot be considered as a universal system to improve the delivery of any protein. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]