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Untreated Diabetic (untreated + diabetic)

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Medical Sciences100%

Terms modified by Untreated Diabetic

  • untreated diabetic rat
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    Selected Abstracts

    In vivo astaxanthin treatment partially prevents antioxidant alterations in dental pulp from alloxan-induced diabetic rats

    INTERNATIONAL ENDODONTIC JOURNAL, Issue 11 2010
    M. F. Leite
    Leite MF, de Lima A, Massuyama MM, Otton R.In vivo astaxanthin treatment partially prevents antioxidant alterations in dental pulp from alloxan-induced diabetic rats. International Endodontic Journal, 43, 959,967, 2010. Abstract Aim, To evaluate the effect of astaxanthin on antioxidant parameters of dental pulp from diabetic rats. The hypothesis tested was that supplementation of diabetic rats with astaxanthin might eliminate, or at least attenuate, the defect in their antioxidative status. Methodology, Wistar rats (n = 32) were divided into four groups: untreated control, treated control, untreated diabetic and treated diabetic rats. A prophylactic dose of astaxanthin (20 mg kg,1 body weight) was administered daily by gavage for 30 days. On day 23, diabetes was induced by injection of alloxan (60 mg kg,1 body weight). After 7 days of diabetes induction, the rats were killed, and pulp tissue from incisor teeth removed. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and reductase activities were determined. Data were compared by anova and the Newman,Keuls test (P < 0.05). Results, Diabetes caused a reduction in SOD, GPx and reductase activity in dental pulp tissue. Astaxanthin had no effect on SOD and catalase activities; however, it stimulated GPx in control and diabetic rats. Conclusions, Diabetes altered the antioxidant system in dental pulp tissue; astaxanthin partially improved the diabetic complications. [source]

    (Pro)renin receptor contributes to diabetic nephropathy by enhancing renal inflammation

    CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PHARMACOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY, Issue 3 2010
    Luis C Matavelli
    Summary 1.,(Pro)renin receptor (PRR) binding to renin or prorenin mediates angiotensin (Ang) II-dependent and -independent effects. Expression of the PRR is increased in kidneys of diabetic rats, but its role in diabetic nephropathy is unknown. In the present study, we investigated the contribution of the PRR to the development of diabetic nephropathy through enhancement of renal production of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-, and interleukin (IL)-1,. 2.,Normoglycaemic control and streptozotocin-diabetic Sprague-Dawley rats were used in the study. The urine albumin : creatinine ratio (UACR), renal interstitial fluid (RIF) levels of AngII, TNF-, and IL-1, and renal expression of TNF-, and IL-1, were evaluated in control, untreated diabetic and diabetic rats treated with either a PRR blocker (PRRB; 0.2 mg/kg per day NH3-RILLKKMPSV-COOH), the AT1 receptor antagonist valsartan (2 mg/kg per day) or combined therapy, administered directly into the renal cortical interstitium for 14 days via osmotic minipumps. 3.,Compared with values in normoglycaemic control rats, UACR and RIF AngII, TNF-, and IL-1, were significantly higher in untreated diabetic rats. Treatment of diabetic rats with the PRRB or valsartan alone and in combination significantly reduced UACR and RIF TNF-, and IL-1, levels. Renal expression of TNF-, and IL-1, was higher in untreated diabetic rats than in control rats, but was reduced significantly following treatment with PRRB or valsartan alone and in combination. Renal PRR expression was increased in untreated and PRRB-treated diabetic rats and reduced in rats receiving valsartan alone or combination therapy. The PRRB had no effect on RIF AngII levels, whereas valsartan alone and in combination with the PRRB significantly increased AngII levels. 4.,In conclusion, the PRR is involved in the development and progression of kidney disease in diabetes by enhancing renal production of the inflammatory cytokines TNF-, and IL-1,, independent of renal AngII effects. [source]

    Abstracts of the 8th Meeting of the Italian Peripheral Nerve Study Group: 21

    JOURNAL OF THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, Issue 1 2003
    R Bianchi
    Erythropoietin (EPO) has neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects and its efficacy and safety has been demonstrated in patients with ischemic stroke. We investigated its efficacy in preventing and reversing established nerve disorders in streptozotocin (STZ) diabetes. After STZ injection (60 mg/kg/ip), EPO (5000 units/kg b.w. i.p. three times a week) was started in a group of rats and continued for five weeks (prevention schedule). In another group of diabetic rats, EPO was started six weeks after STZ, continued for five weeks (therapeutic schedule). Groups of non-diabetic control rats were similarly treated. Antidromic nerve conduction velocity (NCV) in the tail was assessed at five weeks for all groups and at 11 weeks for the therapeutic schedule. Compared to non-diabetic rats, NCV was 21% lower (P < 0.001) at five weeks in the STZ group, EPO partially prevented this decrease (14% lower than with non-diabetic controls), with a significant difference from the untreated-diabetic group (P < 0.01). After six weeks of uncontrolled diabetes, at the beginning of therapeutic EPO, NCV was reduced by 23% and after 11 weeks by 40%, EPO efficacy was confirmed. Thermal (hot plate method) and mechanical (Randall-Selitto method) nociceptive thresholds were monitored weekly throughout the study. In addition, in all groups, the density of intra-epidermal nerve fibers, which reflects possible degeneration of somatic unmyelinated fibers, was assessed in the hindpaw using protein-gene-product 9.5 immunostaining. Rats developed mechanical hyperalgesia within two weeks after STZ injection. Both the prevention and therapeutic schedules of EPO reduced diabetic hyperalgesia after two weeks of treatment, reaching statistical significance at fur, and five weeks of treatment, with no such effect in non-diabetic controls. Hindpaw thermal response latencies were significantly (P < 0.001) increased in untreated diabetic rats compared with untreated controls. EPO had no effect on these latencies in control rats but partially prevented the increase in diabetic rats, so the values were still different from controls, but significantly different from untreated diabetics at four and five weeks in both the prevention and therapeutic studies (P < 0.05). These observations extend the therapeutic utility of EPO and highlight its potential for treating established diabetic neuropathies. [source]

    Reduced Nerve Blood Flow In Diabetic Rats Is A Reflection Of Hindlimb Muscle Wasting

    JOURNAL OF THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, Issue 3 2000
    Dr Tomlinson
    We examined the influence of muscle wasting, as a result of streptozotocin-induced diabetes, on sciatic nerve laser Doppler flux (SNLDF), as an index of nerve blood flow, and conduction velocity (NCV). We compared dietary-restricted weight-reduced non-diabetic rats with controls and with diabetic rats and we studied the effects of clenbuterol, an anabolic ,-adrenoceptor agonist, in control and diabetic rats. Dietary restriction reduced the weights of hindlimb muscles,extensor digitorum longus, soleus and gastrocnemius,half as much as did streptozotocin-diabetes and clenbuterol increased muscle weights in control and diabetic rats. This gave a hierarchy of muscle weights in the order,clenbuterol-controls, untreated controls, weight-reduced non-diabetics, clenbuterol-diabetics and untreated diabetics. Diabetes without treatment reduced SNLDF by 51% (p < 0.01); dietary restriction by 25% (p < 0.01) and there were proportional increases associated with clenbuterol treatment. Combined muscle weights regressed closely with SNLDF (r2=0.69; p < 0.001) and, when the latter was expressed relative to muscle weights, a similar value was obtained for all five groups,there were no significant differences. Thus, sciatic nerve blood flow is closely related to hindlimb muscle weight and the effect of diabetes on nerve blood flow may be secondary to muscle wasting. Sciatic/tibialis motor and sensory conduction velocities were also reduced by muscle wasting in the dietary restricted group of non-diabetic rats, but, unlike nerve Doppler flux, it was unaffected by clenbuterol. [source]