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Unstructured Interviews (unstructured + interview)
Selected AbstractsLiving with severe osteoarthritis while awaiting hip and knee joint replacement surgeryMUSCULOSKELETAL CARE, Issue 2 2009Cert HSM, Gail Elizabeth Parsons MSc Abstract Objectives:,To explore the lived experiences of patients with severe osteoarthritis (OA) of the hip or knee joint while awaiting joint replacement surgery. Methods:,An exploratory qualitative approach using phenomenology was adopted for the purpose of the study. Unstructured interviews were carried out on a sample of six patients who had been referred to the National Health Service waiting list for a primary hip or knee replacement. The participants were invited to share their experiences and concerns relating to how they were coping with end-stage OA of their hip or knee joint. Interviews were digitally recorded and transcribed verbatim. Narrative data were analysed using Giorgi's (1985) procedural steps to reveal themes which recurred in the participants' stories. Results:,Six themes emerged from the data, central to the experience of living with severe OA. They were: coping and living with pain; not being able to walk; coping with everyday activities; body image; advice and support available; and the effect of their disease upon family, friends and helpers. There were also a number of sub-themes associated with each major theme. Conclusions:,This study suggests that there is an absence of generic support, guidance and information relating to the management of symptoms of OA for individuals awaiting hip and knee replacement surgery. Patients awaiting hip and knee joint replacement surgery often have difficulty in managing their symptoms. Support in general appears to be dependent on the availability of resources in the primary care setting. Potential patients who are fortunate to know or meet someone who has undergone a similar procedure learn from the experience of exchanging information between themselves, along with coping strategies in the management of their symptoms. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Recovering from the psychological impact of intensive care: how constructing a story helpsNURSING IN CRITICAL CARE, Issue 6 2009Susan Lecky Williams ABSTRACT Background: Numerous studies have demonstrated both the risk of post-traumatic stress as a result of intensive care unit (ICU) treatment and the efficacy of successful narrative processing for recovery from psychological trauma. Aim: This article is based on recent doctoral research exploring the impact of unanticipated life threats after admission to hospital. It examines the difficulties ICU patients have with constructing coherent narratives of their illness experience and the significance of those difficulties for psychological recovery from critical illness. Methods: The original research used a qualitative design blending discourse, narrative, and phenomenological approaches guided by hermeneutical sensitivity to the evolving language of narrative processing. Patients chosen from ICU discharge summaries showing a critical life-threatening event after admission to hospital were interviewed soon after discharge from hospital and then again 1 year later. Unstructured interviews explored participant experience of a critical event and its aftermath. Results: This article focuses in particular on one finding from the doctoral research. Unanticipated critical illness presented some patients with difficulties in accomplishing the fundamental human task of constructing a narrative of their experience. Risk factors were observed identifying specific vulnerabilities. The extent to which difficulties were overcome impacted positively on the patient's sense of well-being 1 year after discharge. Conclusions: In order to recover psychologically, some ICU patients need help overcoming obstacles to their ability to construct an adequately coherent narrative of their experience. Relevance to clinical practice: ICU follow-up clinics could gain increased clarity of purpose from this narrative conceptual framework, eventually evaluating and validating benchmarks for assessing psychological recovery in relation to specified dimensions of narrative processing. Practice development informed by narrative process theory could also enhance ICU nursing communication. Since story construction is central to a person's core identity processes, person-centred nursing would also be implicated. [source] Subjective pain experience of people with chronic back painPHYSIOTHERAPY RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL, Issue 4 2000Professor Lorraine H De Souza Chair of Rehabilitation Abstract Background and Purpose Studies into the effect of pain experience on those who have it have largely focused on the views and interpretations of researchers gained by the use of assessment tools aimed at measuring pain. The purpose of this study was to explore and describe pain, as experienced by those with chronic back pain, and to document ,insider' accounts of how pain is perceived and understood by those who have it. Method Unstructured interviews using the framework approach. Subjects were sampled for age, sex, ethnicity and occupation, from new referrals with back pain to a rheumatology outpatient clinic. Eleven subjects (5 M; 6 F) agreed to be interviewed. Interviews were unstructured, but followed a topic guide. Subjects were interviewed in English (nine) or their preferred language (two). Tape-recordings of interviews were transcribed verbatim and read in depth twice to identify the topics or concepts. Data were extracted in the form of words and phrases by use of thematic content analysis. The themes were pain description and amount of pain. An independent researcher reviewed the data and confirmed or contended the analysis. Results All subjects, except one, provided descriptors of the quality of their pain. The use of simile was common to emphasize both what the pain was, and what it was not. Five subjects expressed a loss of words in trying to describe their pain. Only 13 of 29 different pain descriptors used were commensurate with those in the McGill Pain Questionnaire (Melzack, 1983). Subjects had great difficulty quantifying their pain intensity. Several explained how the pain fluctuated, thus, quantifying pain at one point in time was problematic. Only one subject offered a numerical description of pain intensity. Conclusions Subjects provided graphic and in-depth descriptions of their pain experience, but these bore little resemblance to commonly used assessment tools. The findings challenge the appropriateness of such formal instruments. Copyright © 2000 Whurr Publishers Ltd. [source] Relationship between adverse effects of antiepileptic drugs, number of coprescribed drugs, and drug load in a large cohort of consecutive patients with drug-refractory epilepsyEPILEPSIA, Issue 5 2010Maria Paola Canevini Summary Purpose:, To evaluate the adverse effects (AEs) of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in adults with refractory epilepsy and their relationship with number of coprescribed AEDs and AED load. Methods:, Patients with refractory epilepsy were enrolled consecutively at 11 tertiary referral centers. AEs were assessed through unstructured interview and the Adverse Event Profile (AEP) questionnaire. AED loads were calculated as the sum of prescribed daily dose (PDD)/defined daily dose (DDD) ratios for each coprescribed AED. Results:, Of 809 patients enrolled, 709 had localization-related epilepsy and 627 were on polytherapy. AED loads increased with increasing number of AEDs in the treatment regimen, from 1.2 ± 0.5 for patients on monotherapy to 2.5 ± 1, 3.7 ± 1.1, and 4.7 ± 1.1 for those on two, three, and ,4 AEDs, respectively. The number of spontaneously reported AEs correlated with the number of AEs identified by the AEP (r = 0.27, p < 0.0001). AEP scores did not differ between patients with monotherapy and patients with polytherapy (42.8 ± 11.7 vs. 42.6 ± 11.2), and there was no correlation between AEP scores and AED load (r = ,0.05, p = 0.16). Conclusions:, AEs did not differ between monotherapy and polytherapy patients, and did not correlate with AED load, possibly as a result of physicians' intervention in individualizing treatment regimens. Taking into account the limitations of a cross-sectional survey, these findings are consistent with the hypothesis that AEs are determined more by individual susceptibility, type of AEDs used, and physicians' skills, than number of coprescribed AEDs and AED load. [source] The Role of Situational Interviews in Fostering Positive Reactions to Selection DecisionsAPPLIED PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 3 2010Gerard H. Seijts We investigated the effect of interview format and employment equity program strength on perceptions of fairness. We used job seekers and vignettes to test the hypotheses. The participants reported lukewarm support for employment equity programs. The use of a situational interview in the selection process of an organisation that had adopted an employment equity program contributed to higher perceptions of fairness vis-à-vis the use of an unstructured interview. The results also showed that the inclusion of a situational interview in the selection process mitigated negative reactions to the selection decision when a strong employment equity program was in place as well as when a female visible minority was hired. Nous avons évalué l'impact sur la perception de justice du style d'entretien et de la rigueur d'une charte d'équité relative à l'emploi. On a fait appel à des demandeurs d'emploi et utilisé un test de jugement situationnel pour éprouver les hypothèses. Les répondants se sont montrés peu enthousiastes en ce qui concerne les chartes d'équité relatives à l'emploi. Le choix d'un entretien structuré dans le processus de sélection d'une organisation qui avait adopté une charte d'équité relative à l'emploi a amélioré la perception de justice portant sur un entretien ordinaire. Il apparaît aussi que la présence d'un entretien structuré dans le processus de sélection atténuait les réactions négatives consécutives au résultat de la sélection quand existait une sérieuse charte d'équité relative à l'emploi et quand était embauchée une minorité féminine non négligeable. [source] Organizational power and culture shift at Ducati motorcyclesGLOBAL BUSINESS AND ORGANIZATIONAL EXCELLENCE, Issue 1 2007Maktoba Omar In this research into corporate culture at Ducati Motorcycles, Spa., the qualitative approach was used based on Johnson's theory of corporate culture, relying on structured and unstructured interviews followed up by participant observation. Corporate culture was used as a strategic tool in changing the Ducati corporate mindset. The results show that the recognition and alteration of corporate culture played a large role in the successful implementation of a new corporate strategy. The Ducati strategic initiative focused on repositioning Ducati from a traditional Italian motorcycle manufacturer to a global marketing company. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source] The Algorithmically Structured Systematic Exploration of Subject's State of Mind.INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED PSYCHOANALYTIC STUDIES, Issue 4 2007Abstract Objective: To develop an interview method that combined the qualities of unstructured interviews, such as openness to unexpected information, and the qualities of structured interviews, such as adequate psychometric properties. Method: The innovative principle of the Algorithmically Structured Systematic Exploration of Subject's State of Mind (Assess_Mind) is to investigate, not the contents of mental phenomenology, but five mental functions , or "registers" , that mediate the experience of patients. The functioning of these registers , affects, fears, desires, memories, and associations of ideas , is explored using a rigorously defined algorithm for interviewing. Scales have been developed to rate 390 interviews on psychopathological dimensions of interest in a study of patients undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment. Results: As shown by vignettes from the various registers, the Assess_Mind provides detailed, comprehensive, and deep information on the five registers it investigates. Conclusion: Although the Assess_Mind uses a structured algorithm for data collection, its usefulness as a clinical research tool is based on the width and depth of its coverage of patients' current mental experience. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Conveying caring: Nurse attributes to avert violence in the EDINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NURSING PRACTICE, Issue 3 2009Dr Lauretta Luck RN BA MA(Psy) PhD Violence towards nurses in Emergency Department's is a world wide problem that some contend is increasing in severity and frequency, despite the many strategies implemented to prevent violent events. This paper presents the findings of an instrumental case study in a busy rural Emergency Department. Twenty Registered Nurses participated in the study and data from 16 unstructured interviews, 13 semi-structured field interviews, and 290 h of participant observation were thematically analysed. In addition, 16 violent events were observed, recorded via a structured observation tool and analysed using frequency counts. Thematically there were five attributes rural emergency nurses were observed to use to avert, reduce and prevent violence. The five attributes were being safe, being available, being respectful, being supportive and being responsive. We argue that these attributes were embodied in the emergency nurses routine practice and their conceptualization of caring. [source] The meaning of good and bad care in the community care: older people's lived experiencesINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OLDER PEOPLE NURSING, Issue 3 2009Ingrid From MSc In spite of a considerable body of research in the past decades on what does or does not constitute good care for older people, there are still few studies addressing this question in which older people narrate their experiences of being dependent on community care. This study was therefore carried out aiming to explore older people's lived experiences of what good and bad care meant to them, when it was offered by community care services. Nineteen older persons in three Swedish communities participated in the study, which used a phenomenological,hermeneutic approach. Data were collected through unstructured interviews and Colaizzi's framework was utilized in the analysis of the data. The key theme arising from the analysis was that of being encountered as a human being by caregivers who, through the provision of safe and secure care, provide opportunities for living life as usual. When any of these circumstances are lacking, bad care will be the consequence. As the general intention in society is to ensure good quality of care to older people as well as others, the findings in our study should have important implications for providers of community care for older people. [source] Multiprofessional collaboration promoting home care clients' personal resources: perspectives of older clientsINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OLDER PEOPLE NURSING, Issue 2 2008Sini Eloranta MNSc Home care can be decisive in supporting older people in the home environment. However, one professional in home care cannot take the whole responsibility for promotion alone; on the contrary multiprofessional collaboration is needed. The aim of the study is to describe the experiences of multiprofessional collaboration in promoting personal resources among older home care clients (75+ years) in Finland. The data were collected by unstructured interviews with 21 older home care clients. Their mean age was 83.5 years, ranging from 75 to 91, with 17 female and four male participants. Inductive content analysis was used to analyze the data. The interviewees described the work of professionals from four perspectives: expertise, communication, decision-making and responsibility. Multiprofessional collaboration promoted the personal resources of interviewees with physical, psychological and social support. This study showed that the professionals worked as being expert-oriented: in the multiprofessional collaboration, each expert took care of his/her own part of the client's situation. This included the risk,, that the client's overall situations remained uncharted. However, the client's overall situation is a very important aspect when professionals suppport older people living in their own homes as long as possible. This study revealed the need for developing collaboration skills between social and health care professionals so that the staffs serve the needs of aged clients better together. [source] The challenges of caring in a technological environment: critical care nurses' experiencesJOURNAL OF CLINICAL NURSING, Issue 8 2008ITU cert, Mary McGrath MSc Purpose., This paper presents and discusses the findings from a phenomenological study which illuminated the lived experiences of experienced critical care nurses caring within a technological environment. Background., While nursing practice is interwoven with technology, much of the literature in this area is speculative. Moreover, there is a debate as to whether and how ,high tech' and ,high touch' are reconcilable; this orientation is referred to as the optimism vs. pessimism debate. On a personal level, the motivation for this study came from the author's 13 years' experience in the critical care area. Method., Following ethical approval, 10 experienced nurses from two cardiothoracic critical care units in Ireland participated in the study. A Heideggerian phenomenological methodology was used. Data collection consisted of unstructured interviews. A method of data analysis described by Walters was used. Findings., The findings provide research-based evidence to illuminate further the optimistic/pessimistic debate on technology in nursing. While the study demonstrates that the debate is far from resolved, it reveals a new finding: life-saving technology that supports the lives of critically ill patients can bring experienced nurses very close to their patients/families. The three main themes that emerged: ,alien environment', ,pulling together' and ,sharing the journey' were linked by a common thread of caring. Conclusion., Experienced critical care nurses are able to transcend the obtrusive nature of technology to deliver expert caring to their patients. However, the journey to proficiency in technology is very demanding and novice nurses have difficulty in caring with technology. Relevance to clinical practice., It is recommended that more emphasis be placed on supporting, assisting and educating inexperienced nurses in the critical care area and that the use of technology in nursing be given serious consideration. [source] Nurses' Narratives of Unforgettable Patient Care EventsJOURNAL OF NURSING SCHOLARSHIP, Issue 4 2006Mary Gunther Purpose: To explore the experience of registered nurses (RNs) caring for patients in contemporary hospitals. Design: The descriptive phenomenological study was based in the philosophical perspectives of Husserl and Merleau-Ponty. Methods: A purposive sample of 46 RNs employed in acute care hospitals in the southeastern United States (US) were recruited by network sampling. Data from unstructured interviews were analyzed in an interpretive group and themes were identified. Findings: Four themes were identified: (a) extraordinary caregiving events, (b) incomprehensibility, (c) questioning whether anything else could have been done, and (d) "alone or together," indicating the isolation nurses often experience while giving care as well as profound moments of connection, especially with patients. Conclusions: Caregiving experiences resulted in an accumulating residue of moral distress which in turn became ground for future experiences in the everyday work life of RNs. Sometimes years later, participants were still trying to justify and understand the outcomes and perhaps to absolve themselves from blame. Participants were confronted with the limits of science and skill and plunged into the realm of existential questions for which they had no ready answers. [source] | |||||||||||||