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Unpleasant Taste (unpleasant + taste)
Selected AbstractsLong-Term Tolerability of Sumatriptan Nasal Spray in Adolescent Patients With MigraineHEADACHE, Issue 10 2004Shankar Natarajan MD Objective.,This 1-year, open-label, multicenter study was designed to assess the long-term tolerability and efficacy of sumatriptan nasal spray 20 mg in adolescent patients with migraine. Methods.,A prospective, multicenter, open-label study was conducted in patients aged 12 to 17 years who were allowed to treat an unlimited number of migraines at severe, moderate, or mild pain intensity with sumatriptan nasal spray for up to 1 year. All patients started the study at the 20-mg dose of sumatriptan nasal spray. Dose could be adjusted downward to 5 mg at the discretion of the investigator to optimize therapy. Results.,A total of 484 adolescent migraineurs treated 4676 migraines with sumatriptan nasal spray 20 mg (3593 during the first 6 months and 1083 during the second 6 months). A total of 3940 migraines and 699 migraines were treated with one and two 20-mg doses of sumatriptan nasal spray, respectively. Only 10 patients (treating 42 migraines) took the 5-mg dose of sumatriptan nasal spray. The overall percentage of migraines treated with either one 20-mg dose or one, two, or three 20-mg doses with at least 1 drug-related adverse event was 19%. The most common specific drug-related adverse event was unpleasant taste, reported in 17% of migraines. No other single drug-related adverse event was reported in more than 1% of migraines over the 1-year treatment period. When unpleasant taste was excluded from the adverse-event tabulations, the percentages of migraines with at least 1 drug-related adverse event after one or one, two, or three 20-mg doses declined to 4% and 3%, respectively. No patient experienced any drug-related changes in 12-lead ECGs, vital signs, or nasal assessments; and no clinically meaningful changes in clinical laboratory values were observed. Across all migraines with evaluable efficacy data (n = 4334), headache relief was reported in 43% of migraines at 1 hour and in 59% at 2 hours after dosing with sumatriptan nasal spray 20 mg. Of the 2561 migraines with headache relief 2 hours postdose, headache recurrence was reported within 24 hours of initial dosing in 7% of migraines. None of the efficacy or tolerability results varied as a function of time in the study (ie, first 6 months vs. second 6 months). Conclusion.,Sumatriptan nasal spray 20 mg is generally well tolerated and may be beneficial during long-term use by adolescent migraineurs ages 12 to 17 years. [source] Ghanaian Cocoa Bean Fermentation Characterized by Spectroscopic and Chromatographic Methods and ChemometricsJOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE, Issue 6 2010Patrick C. Aculey Abstract:, Export of cocoa beans is of great economic importance in Ghana and several other tropical countries. Raw cocoa has an astringent, unpleasant taste, and flavor, and has to be fermented, dried, and roasted to obtain the characteristic cocoa flavor and taste. In an attempt to obtain a deeper understanding of the changes in the cocoa beans during fermentation and investigate the possibility of future development of objective methods for assessing the degree of fermentation, a novel combination of methods including cut test, colorimetry, fluorescence spectroscopy, NIR spectroscopy, and GC-MS evaluated by chemometric methods was used to examine cocoa beans sampled at different durations of fermentation and samples representing fully fermented and dried beans from all cocoa growing regions of Ghana. Using colorimetry it was found that samples moved towards higher,a* and,b* values as fermentation progressed. Furthermore, the degree of fermentation could, in general, be well described by the spectroscopic methods used. In addition, it was possible to link analysis of volatile compounds with predictions of fermentation time. Fermented and dried cocoa beans from the Volta and the Western regions clustered separately in the score plots based on colorimetric, fluorescence, NIR, and GC-MS indicating regional differences in the composition of Ghanaian cocoa beans. The study demonstrates the potential of colorimetry and spectroscopic methods as valuable tools for determining the fermentation degree of cocoa beans. Using GC-MS it was possible to demonstrate the formation of several important aroma compounds such 2-phenylethyl acetate, propionic acid, and acetoin and the breakdown of others like diacetyl during fermentation. Practical Application:, The present study demonstrates the potential of using colorimetry and spectroscopic methods as objective methods for determining cocoa bean quality along the processing chain. Development of objective methods for determining cocoa bean quality will be of great importance for quality insurance within the fields of cocoa processing and raw material control in chocolate producing companies. [source] The feasibility of pain treatment at home after adenoidectomy with ketoprofen tablets in small childrenPEDIATRIC ANESTHESIA, Issue 5 2000Hannu Kokki MD In this study, we investigated the feasibility of pain treatment using ketoprofen 25 mg tablets (5 mg·kg,1·day,1) at home in children after daycase adenoidectomy. We also determined the adverse events and the incidence of postoperative bleeding during the first week after surgery. Initially, we studied 611 children aged 1,9 years. The study design was prospective, longitudinal, and open. The final data consisted of 555 (91%) children, and 522 children who received ketoprofen at home. The parents administered four (1,10, median with 10th and 90th percentiles) ketoprofen tablets to their children during the first week. A total of 20% of the parents experienced problems in administering tablets, and problems were three times more common in children under 48 months compared to older children. The main problems were swallowing difficulties and the unpleasant taste of the tablet. Neither serious adverse events, nor clinically significant bleeding occurred. Ketoprofen at the dose of 5 mg·kg,1·day,1 proved to be a safe analgesic in children for short-term use after adenoidectomy. [source] Short-term clinical effects of commercially available gel containing Acacia arabica: a randomized controlled clinical trialAUSTRALIAN DENTAL JOURNAL, Issue 1 2010AR Pradeep Abstract Background:, Certain plants used in folk medicine serve as a source of therapeutic agent by having antimicrobial and other multi-potential effects. This prospective, randomized, placebo and positively controlled clinical trial was designed to evaluate the short-term clinical effects of a commercially available gel containing Acacia arabica in the reduction of plaque and gingival inflammation in subjects with gingivitis. Methods:, Ninety subjects diagnosed with chronic generalized gingivitis were selected and randomly divided into three groups: Group I , placebo gel, Group II , gumtone gel and Group III , 1% chlorhexidine gel. Clinical evaluation was undertaken using the gingival index of Loe and Silness and the plaque index at baseline, 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 6 weeks. A subjective evaluation was undertaken by questionnaire. Results:, Gumtone gel showed significant clinical improvement in gingival and plaque index scores as compared to a placebo gel. This improvement was comparable to 1% chlorhexidine gel. Unlike chlorhexidine gel, gumtone gel was not associated with any discolouration of teeth or unpleasant taste. Conclusions:, Gumtone gel may be a useful herbal formulation for chemical plaque control agent and improvement in plaque and gingival status. [source] Synthesis of cyclodextrin-based polymers and their use as debittering agentsJOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE, Issue 4 2008Arianna Binello Abstract Cyclodextrins (CDs) and their derivatives are used to suppress unpleasant tastes and odors or to achieve a controlled release of certain food constituents. This article describes the synthesis by nonconventional methods of (1) crosslinked, insoluble CD polymers and (2) water-soluble, CD-grafted carboxymethylchitosan and carboxymethylcellulose. The CD polymers were obtained by the reaction of ,-CD with one of the following crosslinking agents: epichlorohydrin, diphenyl carbonate, or hexamethylene diisocyanate. Their preparations were usually carried out under high-intensity ultrasound, which resulted in much shorter reaction times and narrower distributions of particle size (as determined by scanning electron microscopy measurements). A novel, insoluble CD polymer was obtained by reticulation under microwaves of propargyl-,-CD with 1,3-bis(azidomethyl)benzene through Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition. Short columns packed with the insoluble polymers were found to efficiently sequester naringin from aqueous solutions; successively, they could be easily regenerated by a counter-current ethanol wash that also achieved an excellent recovery of the flavonoid. Differential scanning calorimetry thermograms showed that the crosslinked CD polymers formed inclusion complexes with naringin. The soluble polymers also interacted with bitter flavonoids of citrus fruits (naringin and limonin), as shown by the results of sensorial panel tests, in which they behaved as bitter-masking agents. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008 [source] | ||||||||||