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Unemployed People (unemployed + people)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Humanities and Social Sciences	37%
Business, Economics, Finance and Accounting	31%
Psychology	18%

Selected Abstracts

PREDICTORS OF JOB SEARCH BEHAVIOR AMONG EMPLOYED AND UNEMPLOYED PEOPLE

PERSONNEL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 1 2004
EDWIN A. J. VAN HOOFT
This study investigated job search behavior and its predictors among employed and unemployed people. Ajzen's (1985) theory of planned behavior (TPB) was used to predict job search intention and behavior in both groups. In addition, we examined the indirect effects of several other variables (i.e., job satisfaction, organizational commitment, work valence, expectancy, and financial need). Data were collected in a 2-wave longitudinal design, using a sample of employed individuals (N = 989) and a sample of unemployed individuals (N= 317). Results supported the applicability of the TPB in the 2 groups. The attitude-intention-behavior relationship was stronger in the unemployed group than in the employed group. The TPB variables partially mediated the effects of the additional variables studied. [source]

Unemployed Job Seeker Attitudes towards Potential Travel-to-Work Times

GROWTH AND CHANGE, Issue 3 2001
R.W. McQuaid
The effectiveness of intra-regional job search is influenced by how far people are willing to travel to new employment. While much has been written on the commuting patterns of those in work, relatively little research has been carried out on how far unemployed job seekers are prepared to commute. This paper presents and tests a model of factors influencing the maximum time unemployed job seekers would be willing to travel to a potential new job. Significant effects are found for a range of personal and demographic characteristics, including gender, years of education, type of job, and location. The evidence suggests support for the spatial mismatch hypothesis and shows differing accessibility to employment opportunities for certain types of unemployed people. The findings also suggest that models of the trade-off between leisure and work time should fully include travel-to-work time as part of this trade-off. [source]

,McJobs', ,good jobs' and skills: job-seekers' attitudes to low-skilled service work

HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT JOURNAL, Issue 2 2005
Colin Lindsay
This article focuses on unemployed job-seekers' attitudes towards entry-level jobs in three areas of the service sector , retail, hospitality and call-centre work. The article examines whether job-seekers are reluctant to pursue these opportunities, and provides an analysis of the motives of those ruling out service work. A range of potential barriers is discussed, including the extent to which job-seekers perceive the service economy as offering only so-called ,McJobs', low-skilled, low-paid jobs with few opportunities for development. However, the article also focuses on perceived skills mismatches, with some job-seekers arguably over-qualified for entry-level service jobs, while others consider themselves to lack the necessary ,soft' skills. The analysis is based on interviews with 220 unemployed people in Glasgow. The article concludes that policy action may be required to encourage job seekers to consider a broader range of vacancies and to provide tailored training in partnership with service employers. On the demand side, service employers must address the need for entry-level positions that offer realistic salaries, decent work conditions and opportunities for progression and development. [source]

Solidarity towards immigrants in European welfare states

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL WELFARE, Issue 1 2008
Wim Van Oorschot
The concern that immigration could threaten the sustainability of the European Social Model is a reason to have a closer look at popular images of immigrants in the context of European welfare states. The focus is on Europeans' informal solidarity towards immigrants relative to other vulnerable groups in society. Using data from the European Values Survey 1999/2000 we find that in all European countries the public is least solidaristic towards migrants, in comparison with elderly people, sick and disabled people and unemployed people. Contrary to expectation, there is little relation between welfare state characteristics and people's solidarity, while the relative solidarity towards immigrants is higher in culturally more diverse countries. As expected, the relative solidarity towards immigrants is lower in countries with a more negative opinion climate towards immigrants and in poorer countries of Europe. [source]

Self-reported health, self-esteem and social support among young unemployed people: a population-based study

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL WELFARE, Issue 2 2002
Lars Axelsson
A population-based study was performed in southern Sweden in the autumn of 1998. The aim was to study connections between self-reported health, self-esteem and social support among unemployed (, three months) young people. The sample consisted of 264 unemployed individuals aged 20,25 years, and 528 individuals of the same age, randomly selected from the population register and not registered as unemployed. The response rate was 72%. Defined by means of factor analysis, mental health consisted of the symptoms tearfulness, dysphoria, sleeping disturbance, restlessness, general fatigue and irritability. The unemployed had more mental health problems than young people who were working or studying. Restlessness and dysphoria were significantly over-represented in the unemployed among both sexes. However, good social support seemed to predict mental health. Support from parents was most important, particularly in males. Those with low self-esteem and poor parental support were especially vulnerable. [source]

Sense of coherence during unemployment

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL WELFARE, Issue 2 2001
Bengt Starrin
The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between different forms of hardship during unemployment and the sense of coherence (SOC). These hardships were considered in the framework of the finances,shame model, which has been developed to help provide a greater understanding of why unemployment is so painful to some whilst others are hardly affected by it. The hypothesis in this study was that the greater the financial hardships during unemployment and the more a person has been subjected to shaming by others because they are unemployed, the lower his or her SOC will be, and vice versa. The empirical data were collected by means of a cross-sectional survey of 1,249 unemployed people in a region in southern Sweden who at the time of the survey were engaged in some form of labour-market training or workfare programme. The dropout rate was 23%. The results from the study lent strong support to the finances,shame model. Among those who were exposed to a greater degree of financial hardship and also had more shaming experiences, the mean SOC score was 42.14 for women and 42.41 for men. The corresponding figures for those facing a lesser degree of financial hardship and with fewer shaming experiences were 67.10 and 66.66 respectively, i.e. figures which are on a par with or somewhat higher than for population studies covering the whole population. [source]

Minimum income schemes for the unemployed: a case study from Dalian, China*

INTERNATIONAL SOCIAL SCIENCE JOURNAL, Issue 179 2004
Ge Daoshun
This article summarizes the background, implementation, and impact of a study of social welfare in Dalian, China, designed to enhance the efficiency and fairness of the minimum living protection scheme for unemployed people. While the scope of the case study is fairly narrow, its significance is much broader. In social and economic terms, China is currently undergoing a transitional period in the context of which social welfare reform is an important task. The setting up of a community public service agency in Dalian, as the result of both policy research and government action, is a successful example of Chinese social welfare reform. To that extent, the study is significant for social welfare reform at the national level, as well as providing references for the management of social transition in other developing countries. [source]

Institutional Trust and Subjective Well-Being across the EU

KYKLOS INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF SOCIAL SCIENCES, Issue 1 2006
John Hudson
SUMMARY This paper analyzes the impact of institutions upon happiness through their intermediary impact upon individual trust. The empirical work is based on Eurobarometer data covering the 15 countries of the EU prior to its expansion in 2004. With respect to trust, we present evidence that, although it is endogenous with respect to the performance of the institution, changes in the individual's personal circumstances can also have an impact, indicating that trust is not simply learned at an early age. Hence unemployed people tend to have lower levels of trust not only in the main economic institutions , government and the Central Bank , but in other state institutions too such as the police and the law. Trust also differs in a systematic manner with respect to education and household income, increases (decreases) in either increase (decrease) trust in most institutions. If we assume that more educated people make better judgments, this suggests that on average people tend to have too little trust in institutions. However, it is also possible that both of these variables impact on the interaction between institutions such as the police and other government agencies and the citizen, with prosperous, well educated people being at an advantage and possibly able to command more respect. Age too impacts on institutional trust. For the UN, the unions, big business, voluntary organizations and the EU, trust first declines and then increases with the estimated turning points ranging between 44 and 56 years. For most other organizations trust significantly increases with age. Turning to subjective well-being, we find the standard set of socio-economic variables to be significant. But the focus here is on the impact of institutional trust. We find that trust (mistrust) in the European Central Bank, the EU, national government, the law and the UN all impact positively (negatively) on well-being. Hence overall our results support the conclusion that happiness does not solely lie within the realm of the individual, but that institutional performance also has a direct impact upon subjective well-being. [source]

Rehires and Unemployment Duration in the Swedish Labour Market , New Evidence of Temporary Layoffs

LABOUR, Issue 2 2002
Fredrik JanssonArticle first published online: 7 JAN 200
The paper investigates temporary layoffs in the Swedish labour market. Previous reports of few temporary layoffs are rejected. About 45 percent of unemployed people who found a job returned to a previous employer. As a stock measure, 10 percent of the unemployed are on temporary layoff. Using new job and recall as distinct exits in a competing risks model, one cannot reject a horizontal duration dependence for new jobs, while the recall hazard shows a strong, negative duration dependence. Clearer predictions of the effect of education on job probabilities are also found. Further, the results probably have implications for the interpretation of several policy parameters, including labour market programme outcomes. [source]

PREDICTORS OF JOB SEARCH BEHAVIOR AMONG EMPLOYED AND UNEMPLOYED PEOPLE

Vermittlungsgutscheine als neues Instrument der Arbeitsmarktpolitik: eine erste Analyse

PERSPEKTIVEN DER WIRTSCHAFTSPOLITIK, Issue 2 2004
Michael Beckmann
This instrument is aimed at improving intermediation of unemployed people by inciting private recruiters to place individuals who were formerly advised by the state-run placement-agencies. We analyze the function of the placement intermediaries and discuss how they will respond to the new measure. It is argued that, mainly due to the amount and the short term of the tokens, private intermediaries will not participate in this programme significantly. We also look at the labour market and find that the unemployed individuals mostly do not match the skills the employers are looking for. Thus, we do not think that this instrument will have a noticeable effect on the labour market. [source]

Scale Effects in Markets with Search,

THE ECONOMIC JOURNAL, Issue 508 2006
Barbara Petrongolo
Estimates of aggregate matching functions may miss important scale effects in frictional labour markets because of the reactions of job seekers to scale. We estimate a semi-structural model of search and matching on a British sample of unemployed people, testing for scale effects on the probability of receiving an offer and on the distribution of wage offers. We find them only in wage offers but we also find that reservation wages rise to deliver higher post-unemployment wages but not faster matches. So aggregate matching functions should be unaffected by scale but wage equations should be showing them. [source]

Unemployment as Illness: An Exploration of Accounts Voiced by the Unemployed in Aotearoa/New Zealand

ANALYSES OF SOCIAL ISSUES & PUBLIC POLICY, Issue 1 2001
Andrea Cullen
In Aotearoa/New Zealand unemployment is a continuing social concern that has been linked to a range of negative consequences, including various psychological and physical ailments. Whereas findings linking unemployment to such conse-quences are highly prevalent, few studies have explored people's experiences of unemployment. This article presents an analysis of 26 semistructured individual interviews with unemployed people in order to explore the social construction of unemployment. It is argued that the meaning of unemployment is in many respects analogous to what previous research on lay health beliefs has found regarding the meaning of illness. Prominent themes from literature on the meaning of illness are used to inform an analysis of the meaning of unemployment. The implications of constructing unemployment as an illness are explored in relation to the assignment of cause and responsibility and to the ways the unemployed are socially positioned. Tactics used by participants to preserve a sense of moral worth in response to the stigma of unemployment provide a key focal point for this article. [source]

Learning and Knowledge in an Office Workplace: Perceptions of the Recently Unemployed

ANTHROPOLOGY OF WORK REVIEW, Issue 2 2005
Paul G. Letkemann
Abstract This paper uses interview data from employees and former employees of a Regional Land Use Planning Commission Office in Alberta, Canada. This workplace is unified by a sense of common social and environmental purpose revolving around the Regional Planning Act of Alberta. Occupationally specific contextual parameters allow collective recognition of roles symbolizing knowledge acquisition, contributing to self-validation in the workplace. By emphasizing perceptions of recently unemployed people, this paper incorporates what Marcus called 'processes of reconceptualization' in understandings of the importance of workplace achievement and position. Dislocation from workplace position is also removal from ongoing processes of learning, teaching, applied knowledge and social contribution. In rethinking their loss, the recently unemployed express often-overlooked interpretations of knowledge based workplace dynamics. [source]

Is the health of young unemployed Australians worse in times of low unemployment?

AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH, Issue 1 2009
Justin Newton Scanlan
Abstract Objective: To compare the health of young unemployed Australians during a period of low unemployment (April 2007: rate 4.4%) against published Australian norms for 18,24 year olds and unemployed people during a time of higher unemployment (February 1995 to January 1996: rate 8.1% to 8.9%). Methods: Two hundred and fifty-one unemployed 18,25 year olds residing in New South Wales completed the SF36 Health Survey version 2 (SF36v2) during a time of low unemployment. SF36v2 subscale and component summary scores were compared with published norms for 18,24 year olds and for unemployed persons during a time of higher unemployment. Results: Young unemployed people during a period of low unemployment reported poorer health in all areas when compared with age-matched norms and poorer psychological health when compared with the published norms for unemployed people from a time when unemployment rates were higher. Conclusions: The health of young unemployed individuals during a time of low unemployment was poor when compared to both the general population and to unemployed people during a time of higher unemployment. Implications: Public health interventions must focus on improving the health of young unemployed people to support their engagement with and contribution to Australian society. [source]