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Unanticipated Effects (unanticipated + effects)
Selected AbstractsUnanticipated Effects of Stand Dynamism on Amazonian Tree DiversityBIOTROPICA, Issue 4 2010Susan G. W. Laurance ABSTRACT We assessed a general hypothesis of tropical tree diversity that predicts that species richness will be positively correlated with stand dynamism. Our analysis was based one of the largest and longest-running datasets on Amazonian trees (,10 cm diameter at breast height), with data collected over a 23-yr period within 66 1 ha plots spanning a large (1000 km2) landscape. Within these plots, maximum tree-species richness (329 species/ha) and Fisher's , values (227.5) were among the highest ever recorded. Contrary to the diversity-dynamism concept, tree species richness in our landscape was significantly and negatively associated with stand dynamism (measured as the mean rate of annual tree turnover). Because of this unexpected finding, we critically re-evaluated the relationship between stand dynamism and tree diversity across the Amazon basin and the tropics as a whole. With the inclusion of additional data we found that the relationship between stand dynamism and tree diversity becomes non-significant at larger spatial scales. Abstract in Portuguese is available at http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/loi/btp [source] Pluronics' influence on pseudomonad biofilm and phenazine productionFEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS, Issue 1 2009Lindsay Housley Abstract Colonization of roots by Pseudomonas chlororaphis O6 (PcO6) involves root surface coverage through surface motility and biofilm formation. Root colonization and the production of antifungal phenazines are important in the ability of the bacterium to protect plants against pathogens. In this in vitro study we report that both biofilm formation and phenazine production are differentially influenced by nutrition and the presence of polyethylene oxide/polypropylene oxide triblock copolymer surfactants (Pluronics). Such surfactants are used for many purposes including agricultural formulations. Four Pluronics differing in molecular weight and in hydrophobic/hydrophilic proportions had distinct effects on biofilm formation and secondary metabolite production, although each increased surface motility, termed swarming, to a similar extent. These findings show that Pluronics had specific metabolic impacts on the bacterium, where both up- and downregulation was achieved depending on the medium and the Pluronic composition. In environmental and agricultural settings, Pluronics may have unanticipated effects on soil microorganisms, while in bioprocessing these effects may be leveraged to regulate metabolite yield. [source] SOX: Unintended dilemmas for auditingJOURNAL OF CORPORATE ACCOUNTING & FINANCE, Issue 4 2006Jonathan Duchac The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 brought widespread changes to U.S. financial reporting. Companies now must report on internal control deficiencies. There are criminal penalties for false certification of financial reports. The new Public Company Accounting Oversight Board was established. And audit committees have enhanced responsibilities. Considered in isolation, these reforms appear to improve the quality of financial information and increase public confidence. But when considered as a whole,in the context of practical application,some unanticipated effects are causing audit dilemmas. And they may damage the quality of financial information. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source] Making and Remaking State Institutional Arrangements: The Case of U.S. Trade Policy in the 1970s*JOURNAL OF HISTORICAL SOCIOLOGY, Issue 1-2 2005NITSAN CHOREV The analysis of the struggle and its impacts offers several modifications to historical institutionalist analysis of institutional dynamics and change. First, the uneven distribution of benefits by institutions is an intended outcome of institutional designers. Second, institutions are causally effective when they reflect a balance of forces that no longer exists. Third, unanticipated effects within given institutional arrangements are the outcome of intended counter-strategies. [source] Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (CCL2) in Inflammatory Disease and Adaptive Immunity: Therapeutic Opportunities and ControversiesMICROCIRCULATION, Issue 3-4 2003CHRISTINE DALY ABSTRACT Monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 (CCL2) specifically attracts monocytes and memory T cells. Its expression occurs in a variety of diseases characterized by mononuclear cell infiltration, and there is substantial biological and genetic evidence for its essential role in atherosclerosis and multiple sclerosis. Despite intensive screening, there are as yet no small-molecule antagonists of the receptor of MCP-1/CCL2, CCR2. However, biological agents, including antibodies and inhibitory peptides, have been developed and may be useful for these indications. Recent evidence from genetically modified mice indicates that MCP-1 and CCR2 have unanticipated effects on T helper (Th) cell development. However, unlike the identical phenotypes of MCP-1/CCL2,/, and CCR2,/, mice in inflammatory diseases, the phenotypes of these mice are disparate in adaptive immunity: MCP-1 stimulates Th2 polarization, whereas CCR2 activation stimulates Th1 polarization. This presents both a challenge and an opportunity for targeting the MCP-1/CCL2/CCR2 axis in disease. [source] | ||||||||||