Home About us Contact
|
Home About us Contact | ||
|
|
||
Type I Diabetes Mellitus (type + i_diabetes_mellitu)
Selected AbstractsSynthesis of Polymerizable Superoxide Dismutase Mimetics to Reduce Reactive Oxygen Species Damage in Transplanted Biomedical Devices,ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Issue 20 2008Charles Y. Cheung Abstract A new polymerizable superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimetic metalloporphyrin macromer was synthesized to minimize inflammatory damage associated with tissue transplantation and biomaterial implantation, such as the use of encapsulated pancreatic islets for the treatment of type I diabetes mellitus (TIDM). This functional SOD mimetic, Mn(III) Tetrakis[1-(3-acryloxy-propyl)-4-pyridyl] porphyrin (MnTPPyP-Acryl), was copolymerized and crosslinked with poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) to form hydrogel networks that may actively reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) damage associated with biomaterial implantation. Solution phase activity assays with MnTPPyP-Acryl macromers showed comparable SOD activity to MnTMPyP, a non-polymerizable commercially available SOD mimetic. This work also describes the development of a new, simple, and inexpensive solid phase assay system that was developed to assess the activity of MnTPPyP-Acryl macromers polymerized within PEGDA hydrogels, which has the potential to fulfill an existing void with the biochemical tools available for testing other immobilized ROS antagonists. With this new assay system, hydrogels containing up to 0.25,mol% MnTPPyP-Acryl showed significantly higher levels of SOD activity, whereas control hydrogels polymerized with inactive TPPyP-Acryl macromers showed only background levels of activity. The potential for repeated use of such hydrogel devices to consistently reduce superoxide anion concentrations was demonstrated upon retention of ,100% SOD activity for at least 72,h post-polymerization. These results demonstrate the potential that polymerizable SOD mimetics may have for integration into medical devices for the minimization of inflammatory damage upon transplantation, such as during the delivery of encapsulated pancreatic islets. [source] Electrophoretic analysis of urinary proteins in diabetic adolescentsJOURNAL OF CLINICAL LABORATORY ANALYSIS, Issue 4 2001George Koliakos Abstract Pathological changes in the urine sodium dodecyl sulphate gel electrophoresis (SDS PAGE) patterns often precede the occurrence of any sign of renal involvement in diabetes. However, data concerning the most frequent SDS PAGE pattern of the urine in early stages of type I diabetes mellitus are controversial. In the present study an SDS PAGE technique has been used that provides an adequate sensitivity for the detection of the abnormal pattern. Urinary proteins have been analyzed by SDS PAGE in twenty two diabetic adolescents and twenty four age matched controls. Albumin concentration, and N acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) activity were also measured in the same samples. There was no significant difference in urine albumin concentration and NAG activity between diabetic children and controls. However twelve patients showed an electrophoretic pattern characteristic for glomerulopathy, two had a pattern indicating tubular dysfunction and another two patients had a mixed pattern. Among the twenty four controls only three showed abnormal electrophoretic patterns. The results support the view that early stages of diabetic nephropathy may involve both glomerular and tubular dysfunction. However the exact clinical and prognostic significance of the information provided by SDS PAGE analysis remains to be elucidated. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 15:178,183, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Pharmacokinetics of drugs in rats with diabetes mellitus induced by alloxan or streptozocin: comparison with those in patients with type I diabetes mellitusJOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACOLOGY: AN INTERNATI ONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCE, Issue 1 2010Joo H. Lee Abstract Objectives In rats with diabetes mellitus induced by alloxan (DMIA) or streptozocin (DMIS), changes in the cytochrome P450 (CYP) isozymes in the liver, lung, kidney, intestine, brain, and testis have been reported based on Western blot analysis, Northern blot analysis, and various enzyme activities. Changes in phase II enzyme activities have been reported also. Hence, in this review, changes in the pharmacokinetics of drugs that were mainly conjugated and metabolized via CYPs or phase II isozymes in rats with DMIA or DMIS, as reported in various literature, have been explained. The changes in the pharmacokinetics of drugs that were mainly conjugated and mainly metabolized in the kidney, and that were excreted mainly via the kidney or bile in DMIA or DMIS rats were reviewed also. For drugs mainly metabolized via hepatic CYP isozymes, the changes in the total area under the plasma concentration,time curve from time zero to time infinity (AUC) of metabolites, AUCmetabolite/AUCparent drug ratios, or the time-averaged nonrenal and total body clearances (CLNR and CL, respectively) of parent drugs as reported in the literature have been compared. Key findings After intravenous administration of drugs that were mainly metabolized via hepatic CYP isozymes, their hepatic clearances were found to be dependent on the in-vitro hepatic intrinsic clearance (CLint) for the disappearance of the parent drug (or in the formation of the metabolite), the free fractions of the drugs in the plasma, or the hepatic blood flow rate depending on their hepatic extraction ratios. The changes in the pharmacokinetics of drugs that were mainly conjugated and mainly metabolized via the kidney in DMIA or DMIS rats were dependent on the drugs. However, the biliary or renal CL values of drugs that were mainly excreted via the kidney or bile in DMIA or DMIS rats were faster. Summary Pharmacokinetic studies of drugs in patients with type I diabetes mellitus were scarce. Moreover, similar and different results for drug pharmacokinetics were obtained between diabetic rats and patients with type I diabetes mellitus. Thus, present experimental rat data should be extrapolated carefully in humans. [source] Insulins in equine urine: qualitative analysis by immunoaffinity purification and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry for doping control purposes in horse-racingRAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY, Issue 3 2008Tiia Kuuranne Insulin is a peptide hormone consisting of two peptide chains (A- and B-chain) that are cross-linked by two disulfide bonds. To obtain improved pharmacokinetic onset of action profiles of insulin treatment in diabetic patients, recombinant long-, intermediate-, and rapid-acting insulin analogs are produced, in which the C-terminal end of the B-chain plays an especially important role. A review of the veterinary literature reveals the low prevalence of equine type I diabetes mellitus, which indicates that the therapeutic use of insulin in racing horses is unlikely. Although there is no unequivocal evidence of an overall performance-enhancing effect of insulin, in human sports the misuse of insulin preparations is reported among elite athletes. The desired effects of insulin include the increase of muscular glycogen prior to sports event or during the recovery phase, in addition to a chalonic action, which increases the muscle size by inhibiting protein breakdown. In the present study urinary insulin was detected in equine samples and differences between equine insulin, human insulin, as well as rapidly acting recombinant insulin variants were examined. The method was based on sample purification by solid-phase extraction (SPE) and immunoaffinity chromatography (IAC), and subsequent analysis by microbore liquid chromatography (LC) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) using top-down sequencing for the determination of various insulins. Product ion scan experiments of intact proteins and B-chains enabled the differentiation between endogenously produced equine insulin, its DesB30 metabolite, human insulin and recombinant insulin analogs, and the assay allowed the assignment of individual product ions, especially those originating from modified C-termini of B-chains. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Short communication: The relationship between pre-pregnancy care and early pregnancy loss, major congenital anomaly or perinatal death in type I diabetes mellitusBJOG : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS & GYNAECOLOGY, Issue 1 2007DWM Pearson The relationships between markers of pregnancy planning and pre-pregnancy care and adverse outcomes (early pregnancy loss, major congenital anomaly and perinatal death) were examined in 423 singleton pregnancies in women with pre-gestational type I diabetes mellitus. Pregnancy planning and markers of pre-pregnancy care were associated with reduced risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes. ,Documentation of achievement of an optimal haemoglobin A1c prior to discontinuation of contraception' was the marker associated with the lowest rate of adverse outcome (OR 0.2; 95% CI 0.06,0.67) and might serve as an appropriate definition of pre-pregnancy care for research and audit purposes. [source] The ultrastructure of the capillaries in the gingiva of alloxan-induced diabetic ratsCELL BIOCHEMISTRY AND FUNCTION, Issue 4 2003Nursel Gül Abstract The diabetic effects of alloxan (type I diabetes mellitus) were investigated in 40 Wistar albino rats (18 controls and 22 diabetics). Alloxan in sterile physiological saline was injected into animals intravenously. After the induction of diabetes with alloxan, the ultrastructure of the capillaries in the gingiva was examined by transmission electron microscopy. The thickness of the basement membranes was observed closely adherent to the endothelial cells of the capillary alloxan-diabetic rats. It was greatly thickened owing to the increase in its amorphous, granular and filamentous material with occasional scattered collagen fibres. In some sections, the capillary lumens of the diabetics were closed by epithelial cells. Loss of cytoplasmic material and hyalinization were seen in some smooth muscle cells. In addition, the mitochondrial cristae of smooth muscle cell and epithelial cells disappeared. There was endothelial integrity throughout the smooth muscle cells. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Keratosis lichenoides chronica: a diagnostic and therapeutic challengeCLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL DERMATOLOGY, Issue 1 2006A. Wozniacka Summary A 45-year-old man presented with a 7-year history of keratosis lichenoides chronica (KLC), a mucocutaneous lichenoid disorder of keratinization with no known aetiology, without significant systemic associations. Our patient also had type I diabetes mellitus, mild hypertension and lipid abnormalities. The diagnosis and treatment of KLC is often challenging. [source] | ||||||||||