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Two-part Paper (two-part + paper)
Selected AbstractsEvaluation of the KA24 (Knowledge Access 24) service for health and social care staff in London and the south-east of England.HEALTH INFORMATION & LIBRARIES JOURNAL, Issue 3 2006Part 2: qualitative Aims and objectives:, The aim of this two-part paper is to identify the main transferable lessons learned from both the quantitative and qualitative evaluations of the KA24 (Knowledge Access 24) service of online databases and selected full-text journals for health and social care staff in London and the south-east of England. The objectives of the qualitative evaluation were to assess the enablers and barriers to usage, and to assess the impact of the service on patient care. Methods:, Telephone interviews (n = 65) and a questionnaire survey (n = 296) were conducted with various types of user, in various Trust settings. Some non-users were also contacted. Selection of interviewees and questionnaire recipients was not random, and aimed to cover all groups of users representatively. Results:, Results show that policy goals were being delivered, with indications of changes to clinical practice, and improved clinical governance. Promotion, training and support needs to be extensive, and tailored to needs, but users are not always aware they need training. The sharing of passwords cast doubts on the reliability of some usage data. Conclusions:, Digital health library services, delivered at the point of care, are changing the way some clinicians practise. A combination of qualitative and quantitative evaluation methods are needed to assess digital library services. [source] Evaluation of one- and two-equation low- Re turbulence models.INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN FLUIDS, Issue 12 2003Axisymmetric separating, Part I, swirling flows Abstract This first segment of the two-part paper systematically examines several turbulence models in the context of three flows, namely a simple flat-plate turbulent boundary layer, an axisymmetric separating flow, and a swirling flow. The test cases are chosen on the basis of availability of high-quality and detailed experimental data. The tested turbulence models are integrated to solid surfaces and consist of: Rodi's two-layer k,, model, Chien's low-Reynolds number k,, model, Wilcox's k,, model, Menter's two-equation shear-stress-transport model, and the one-equation model of Spalart and Allmaras. The objective of the study is to establish the prediction accuracy of these turbulence models with respect to axisymmetric separating flows, and flows of high streamline curvature. At the same time, the study establishes the minimum spatial resolution requirements for each of these turbulence closures, and identifies the proper low-Mach-number preconditioning and artificial diffusion settings of a Reynolds-averaged Navier,Stokes algorithm for optimum rate of convergence and minimum adverse impact on prediction accuracy. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Evaluation of one- and two-equation low- Re turbulence models.INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN FLUIDS, Issue 12 2003Part II, Vortex-generator jet, diffusing S-duct flows Abstract This second segment of the two-part paper systematically examines several turbulence models in the context of two flows, namely a vortex flow created by an inclined jet in crossflow, and the flow field in a diffusing S-shaped duct. The test cases are chosen on the basis of availability of high-quality and detailed experimental data. The tested turbulence models are integrated to solid surfaces and consist of: Rodi's two-layer k,, model, Wilcox's k,, model, Menter's two-equation shear,stress-transport model, and the one-equation model of Spalart and Allmaras. The objective of the study is to establish the prediction accuracy of these turbulence models with respect to three-dimensional separated flows with streamline curvature. At the same time, the study establishes the minimum spatial resolution requirements for each of these turbulence closures, and identifies the proper low-Mach-number preconditioning and artificial diffusion settings of a Reynolds-averaged Navier,Stokes algorithm for optimum rate of convergence and minimum adverse impact on prediction accuracy. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Whose life is it anyway?INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MENTAL HEALTH NURSING, Issue 4 2008An exploration of five contemporary ethical issues that pertain to the psychiatric nursing care of the person who is suicidal: Part one ABSTRACT:, It is self-evident that ethical issues are important topics for consideration for those involved in the care of the person who is suicidal. Nevertheless, despite the obvious relationship between Mental Health nurses and care of the person who is suicidal, such nurses have hitherto been mostly silent on these matters. As a result, this two-part paper focuses on a number of contemporary issues which might help inform the ethical discourse and resultant Mental Health nursing care of the person who is suicidal. Part one of this paper focuses on the issues: Whose life is it anyway? Harming of our bodies and the inconsistency in ethical responses and, Is suicide ever a reasonable thing to do? The authors find that this contemporary view within the suicidology academe and the corresponding legal position in most western (developed) countries is that the individual owns his/her own body. Yet given that contemporary mental healthcare policy and associated practice positions do not reflect view, this can easily lead to the scenario where a Mental Health nurse is faced with a major ethical dilemma, and the corresponding probability of moral distress. The authors also find that it is inaccurate to posit a simple positive correlation between the potential seriousness and/or extent of bodily harm and the degree of paternalistic removal of an individual's rights to personal body ownership. Lastly, the authors find that the relevant theoretical and ethical literature in this area suggests, at least for some and under certain conditions, suicide can be the right thing to do. [source] Psychotherapy, political resistance and intimacy: Dilemmas, possibilities and limitations, Part I,PSYCHOTHERAPY AND POLITICS INTERNATIONAL, Issue 2 2009Manuel Llorens Abstract The following is the first part of a two-part paper that discusses the challenges faced by psychotherapists working in Venezuela during years of political and social unrest as a way of examining psychotherapy's dilemmas when dealing with political issues. This first part will discuss limitations in the ability of traditional psychotherapeutic technical recommendations to address clinical material stemming from highly polarized political scenarios. Historical examples of how these limitations have led to abuse will be shown. The specific difficulties of traditional notions of neutrality will be questioned. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Narcissism: fragile bodies in a fragile world.PSYCHOTHERAPY AND POLITICS INTERNATIONAL, Issue 3 2008Part Abstract In this two-part paper, we explore how, in Western society, intensified consumer culture, playing on feelings of shame and inadequacy, can be seen as reactivating the ,narcissistic wound' while the recent growth of information technology increasingly provides access to a global spectacle and a virtual world that offer an escape from reality, fuelling the illusion of immortality and invulnerability to physical/emotional needs. We ask who benefits from this culture of unrelatedness and disembodiment and what are the repercussions in terms of participation in social life and organized response to global issues. Using material from our practices and from social life, we seek to identify the collective cost of maintaining a disassociation that can permeate not only the therapeutic process but also work, personal relationships and events on the political stage. We consider a view of Bush as a narcissistic president in a narcissistic culture with the Iraq war as a narcissistic misadventure, and we present vignettes from the consulting room, Dance Movement Therapy work in Holloway Prison, and the academic world of prehistoric archaeology to show how narcissistic behaviours are embedded in many diverse situations in Western society. We ask how the concept of narcissism in our media age can help us understand phenomena such as the rise of fundamentalism; celebrity cult; insatiable aspirations to ,self-improvement'; obsession with ,success' and consumer goodies; the denial of ageing; the upsurge in cosmetic surgery, body modification and self-harm; as well as growing addiction to alcohol and hard drugs. Finally we ask, how do the narcissistic fantasy of self-sufficiency, the disavowal of loss and the denial of the ultimate non-discursive reality of death affect our ability to respond appropriately to human injustice and the fragility of our planet? Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Historical geography and early Canada: a life and an interpretationTHE CANADIAN GEOGRAPHER/LE GEOGRAPHE CANADIEN, Issue 4 2008COLE HARRIS The first section of this two-part paper describes my historical geographical career, particularly the topics and issues I have pursued and the changing intellectual environment in which they have been situated. The second section offers a summary interpretation of the emerging human geography of early-modern Canada followed by some reflections on its contemporary implications. This interpretation stresses the extent to which boundaries and discontinuities marked early Canada, and contrasts a pinched Canadian experience with the land with a far more expansive American one. It shows how deeply difference was constructed and ingrained in the Canadian past, and suggests some challenges and opportunities that follow from this inheritance. La première partie de cet article dé;crit ma carrière de gé;ographe historique, en pré;sentant les sujets et les enjeux que j'ai approfondis et le contexte intellectuel changeant dans lequel ils furent abordé;s. La deuxième partie offre une interpré;tation sommaire de la gé;ographie humaine du Canada avant la Confé;dé;ration, suivie de quelques ré;flexions sur ses implications actuelles. Cette interpré;tation dé;montre à quel point les frontières et les discontinuité;s ont marqué; les dé;buts du Canada, opposant un rapport à la terre plein de ré;serve, pour ne pas dire coïncé;, en comparaison avec celui des é;tats-Unis. Elle montre combien la diffé;rence fut construite et enraciné;e dans le passé; canadien, et dé;crit certains des dé;fis et occasions que cet hé;ritage fait naître aujourd'hui. [source] High-resolution reconstruction of a tracer dispersion event: application to ETEXTHE QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY, Issue 625 2007Marc Bocquet Abstract In a previous two-part paper, new methods for reconstructing the source of an atmospheric tracer at regional scale were developed. Specifically, the ,maximum entropy on the mean' (MEM) method was extended to large (though linear) data assimilation problems. Tests using twin experiments and a limited subset of the data from the European Tracer Experiment (ETEX) were performed. Although temporal reconstruction knowing the location of the source was satisfying, a full three-dimensional reconstruction with real data was still out of reach. In this paper, using the MEM method and some of its refinements, a reconstruction using all ETEX-I measurements at a resolution of 1.125 × 1.125 × 1 h is shown to be possible. This allows for a reconstruction of the full dispersion event. The MEM retrieval of the tracer plume using what is believed to be a good prior is then compared to retrievals using other priors, including Gaussian priors. Eventually, a reconstruction using all data sequentially in time (rather than all together) is obtained. This helps define what a maximum-entropy filter applied to sequential data assimilation of a linear tracer should be able to do, with a view to an efficient emergency response in case of an accidental release of pollutant. Copyright © 2007 Royal Meteorological Society [source] Reconstruction of an atmospheric tracer source using the principle of maximum entropy.THE QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY, Issue 610 2005I: Theory Abstract Over recent years, tracing back sources of chemical species dispersed through the atmosphere has been of considerable importance, with an emphasis on increasing the precision of the source resolution. This need stems from many problems: being able to estimate the emissions of pollutants; spotting the source of radionuclides; evaluating diffuse gas fluxes; etc. We study the high-resolution retrieval on a continental scale of the source of a passive atmospheric tracer, given a set of concentration measurements. In the first of this two-part paper, we lay out and develop theoretical grounds for the reconstruction. Our approach is based on the principle of maximum entropy on the mean. It offers a general framework in which the information input prior to the inversion is used in a flexible and controlled way. The inversion is shown to be equivalent to the minimization of an optimal cost function, expressed in the dual space of observations. Examples of such cost functions are given for different priors of interest to the retrieval of an atmospheric tracer. In this respect, variational assimilation (4D-Var), as well as projection techniques, are obtained as biproducts of the method. The framework is enlarged to incorporate noisy data in the inversion scheme. Part II of this paper is devoted to the application and testing of these methods. Copyright © 2005 Royal Meteorological Society [source] Reconstruction of an atmospheric tracer source using the principle of maximum entropy.THE QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY, Issue 610 2005II: Applications Abstract A new method of performing the source inversion of a passive tracer at continental scale was proposed in Part I of this two-part paper. The method made use of prior information, general or specific (depending on the situation), to perform a better reconstruction using only the prior information and the field measurements of the tracer. In this paper the method is tested on its first applications. It is used on several test examples, using the meteorological conditions of the European Joint Research Centre ETEX-I campaign. The retrieval of a temporal profile of emission from a source whose location is known is studied before testing the method on a full reconstruction of the space,time profile of the source. Synthetic, but also real-measurement, inversions are tested, thanks to the extension of the formalism to noisy data. Copyright © 2005 Royal Meteorological Society [source] Membrane reformer PEM cogeneration systems for residential applications,Part A: full load and partial load simulationASIA-PACIFIC JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING, Issue 3 2009Stefano Campanari Abstract This two-part paper investigates the performances and economic potential benefits of a fuel cell cogeneration system based on a membrane reformer (MREF), using polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells, applied to residential cogeneration. Part A of this work focuses on the thermodynamic analysis and simulation of the system at full and partial load conditions, discussing its performance by means of a sensitivity analysis carried out under different operating conditions. Part B presents the technoeconomic analysis of the proposed system integrated into a real residential application, dealing with the energy savings and the economic balances, and proposes a preliminary design of the cogeneration unit. The system is based upon a PEM fuel cell, integrated with a membrane reformer (MREF) to form a small-scale, highly efficient cogeneration unit, potentially suitable for application to distributed generation in the residential field. The high purity hydrogen fuel required by the PEM fuel cell is produced in the membrane reformer through hydrogen selective membranes based on a Pd-Ag alloy. The analysis is carried out aiming to define the system energy balances in all the conditions occurring under real operation, including the influence of ambient temperature and of the expected fuel cell efficiency decay with time. The discussion reveals the relevant potential advantages of the MREF solution with respect to fuel cell units based on steam reforming (SR) or auto-thermal reforming (ATR): when compared to these solutions, MREF exhibits a 10% points higher electrical efficiency and requires a much simpler plant layout. These results are the basis for the detailed system technoeconomic analysis carried out in Part B of the work. Copyright © 2009 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Membrane reformer PEM cogeneration systems for residential applications,Part B: techno-economic analysis and system layoutASIA-PACIFIC JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING, Issue 3 2009Stefano Campanari Abstract This two-part paper investigates the performances and potential economic benefits of a membrane reformer (MREF)-based fuel cell cogeneration system, using polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells, applied to residential cogeneration. Part A of the work focuses on the thermodynamic analysis and simulation of the system at full and partial load conditions, discussing its performance by means of a sensitivity analysis carried out under different operating conditions. Part B presents the techno-economic analysis of the proposed system integrated into a real residential application, dealing with the energy savings and the economic balances, and proposes a preliminary design of the cogeneration unit. The higher electric efficiency of the innovative MREF system proposed in this work allows a yearly cost savings about 50% higher than cost savings allowed by fuel cell cogeneration units based on conventional fuel processors. Moreover, CO2 emissions savings, calculated for an average northern Italy single-family load, is about 1.6 tCO2/year. The paper also presents a proposed system layout, discussing the preliminary design of all the required components and analyzing with particular care the issues related to the heat recovery loop and to the arrangement of the system key component: the membrane reforming reactor. Copyright © 2009 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] | ||||||||||