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Turkish Children (turkish + child)
Selected AbstractsTraumatic injuries to permanent teeth in Turkish children, AnkaraDENTAL TRAUMATOLOGY, Issue 3 2009Ceyhan Altun From a total of 4956 children aged 6,12 years (mean age: 8.91 ± 1.95) applying to the Center, 472 children (9.5%) were found to have suffered dental injuries during a period of 2 years. Injuries were classified according to drawings and texts based on the WHO classification system, as modified by Andreasen and Andreasen. Injury rates were highest among children age 6 and ages 8,10. The most frequently injured permanent teeth were the maxillary central incisors (88.2%), and the maxillary right central permanent incisor made up 47.2% of all injured teeth. The most common cause of dental trauma was falling while walking or running (40.3%). Most injuries involved a single tooth (64.8%). The most common type of injury was enamel fracture (44.6%). There was a significant difference in gender, where boys more often suffered from a dental hard tissue and pulp injury than girls (P = 0.019), whereas there was no difference in gender (P = 0.248) in the distribution of periodontal injuries. Injuries were found to occur more frequently during the summer (P < 0.001). Children with increased overjet were 2.19 times more likely to have dental injuries than other children. Considering that the incidence of traumatic dental injury is highest among children ages 6 and ages 8,10 as well as the fact that patients with increased overjet are more prone to dental trauma, preventive orthodontic treatment in early mixed dentition may play an important role in reducing traumatic dental injuries. [source] Dental trauma in Turkish children, ,stanbulDENTAL TRAUMATOLOGY, Issue 2 2003Betul Kargul Abstract,,, Numerous studies focus on visits to dental clinics for emergent dental problems. Many are all-inclusive, studying traumatic injuries as well as visits for infection and other causes. Epidemiologic studies have focused on the investigation of the prevalence or incidence of dental injury. The patients were evaluated at Pediatric Dentistry, Marmara University Dental School, ,stanbul over a 2-year period. For these 300 patients (446 teeth), specific diagnoses were evaluated. Dental injuries that presented most frequently in permanent dentition were crown fractures of enamel only and crown fractures of enamel and dentin. The most frequently presented dental injury in primary dentition were avulsions and crown fractures of enamel. The more frequent treatments for primary teeth were examination only. Bandage restoration, space maintainer were common procedures for permanent teeth. [source] Effect of oral hygiene instruction and scaling on oral malodour in a population of Turkish children with gingival inflammationINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PAEDIATRIC DENTISTRY, Issue 6 2006C. KARA Summary. Aim., Oral malodour affects a large proportion of the population, and may cause a significant social or psychological handicap to those suffering from it. The condition has a positive correlation with the accumulation of bacterial plaque in the oral cavity. The aim of the present study was twofold: first, to determine whether oral malodour and periodontal disease parameters are associated with one another in 150 Turkish subjects (mean age ± SD = 9·1 ± 2·7 years; age range = 7,12 years); and secondly, to investigate the impact of oral hygiene instruction and scaling on oral malodour. Design., The parameters measured included whole-mouth odour judge scoring, halimeter measurements, saliva pH scores, gingival index, plaque index, and probing depth before and after the treatment procedures. Results., Odour judge scores were significantly associated with halimeter findings. However, gingival index, plaque index and probing depth were significantly associated with odour judge scores and halimeter scores. The statistical analysis revealed that periodontal treatments caused a significant reduction (P < 0·001) in volatile sulphur compound formation. Conclusion., These results suggest that, in the population studied, periodontal health and oral malodour are associated with one another. Oral malodour levels were significantly reduced after treating gingival inflammation. Thus, in order to avoid oral malodour in children, oral care should not be neglected. [source] Seroprevalence of hepatitis A virus antibodies in Turkish and Moroccan children in Rotterdam,JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY, Issue 2 2004J.H. Richardus Abstract Seasonal fluctuations in hepatitis A have been observed in the Netherlands related to Turkish and Moroccan children after visiting their home countries. This study determined the prevalence and associated factors of hepatitis A virus (HAV) antibodies in Turkish and Moroccan children in Rotterdam. A random sample was taken of children in Rotterdam, aged 5,16 years, of Turkish and Moroccan origin, together with a random sample of native Dutch children aged 5,7 and 14,16 years. Blood was collected by finger prick on filter paper. IgG and IgM anti-HAV was detected by an enzyme-linked immunoassay (EIA). The 319 Turkish, 329 Moroccan, and 248 native Dutch children participated in the study. In Turkish children, IgG anti-HAV increased from 2.2% to 22.2% over the age groups. In Moroccan children, IgG anti-HAV increased from 10.2% to 57.7%. In native Dutch children, 0.8% had IgG anti-HAV in the youngest and 3.1% in the oldest age group. The percentage IgG-positive also having IgM anti-HAV was 21% in Turkish, and 41% in Moroccan children. No IgG-positive native Dutch children had IgM anti-HAV. The prevalence of IgG anti-HAV was associated with increased age, being Moroccan, longer stay in the country of origin before migrating to the Netherlands, and known contact to HAV. The majority of Turkish and Moroccan children aged 4,16 years in Rotterdam are not protected against HAV, but do have a high risk of becoming infected while visiting their native country. Active vaccination against HAV of these children is indicated, with as primary aim their own protection. Prevention of HAV-transmission in the general community should be seen as a secondary benefit. In addition, possible Dutch contacts of nonvaccinated Turkish and Moroccan children, such as day care workers and teachers, should also be vaccinated against HAV. J. Med. Virol. 72:197,202, 2004. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Angiotensin-converting enzyme gene insertion/deletion polymorphism frequency in normotensive children with a positive family history of essential hypertensionJOURNAL OF PAEDIATRICS AND CHILD HEALTH, Issue 12 2009Lale Camci Aim: To evaluate the possible relationship between blood pressure (BP) and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism in normotensive children with a positive family history of essential hypertension (EHT). Material and Methods: Three hundred seventy-six randomly selected normotensive schoolchildren (147 boys, 229 girls) between the ages of seven and 17 years were enrolled. Children were subdivided into a ,first-degree relative group' and a ,second-degree relative group' according to the presence of EHT in parents or grandparents, respectively. BP was measured twice from the right arm and the systolic BP, diastolic BP and mean BP were recorded. ACE gene I/D polymorphism was performed from all studied children and frequency od DD, ID and ID allele were analysed in each study group. Results: Allelic frequencies of the DD genotype of the ACE gene were higher in children with a positive history in the first- (36.2%) and second-degree (38.3%) relatives for EHT than the controls (30.7%) (P < 0.05 for both). Children with a positive family history of EHT and a DD genotype, had significantly higher SBP, DBP and MBP levels (P < 0.05) than the children with ID or II genotypes. Conclusion: We found that the ACE gene DD genotype was common and that BP levels were higher in Turkish children with a positive family history of EHT and DD genotype. Because the presence of DD allele might be the one of the potential contributor of EHT pathogenesis, further studies needed in large cohort for long term follow-up for EHT in children with DD allele. [source] Dynamics of Helicobacter pylori infection in early childhood in a high-risk group living in Germany: loss of infection higher than acquisitionALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS, Issue 9 2002D. Rothenbacher SUMMARY Background : The dynamics of Helicobacter pylori infection in early childhood are not yet well understood. Aim : To conduct a prospective study in a population of children known to be at high risk of H. pylori infection to elucidate the incidence and loss of infection in childhood. Methods : Asymptomatic Turkish children [aged 1 (n = 56 children), 2 (n = 55 children) and 4 years (n = 69 children)] at baseline, on whom participating paediatricians had performed routine health screening examinations between September 1997 and October 1998, were included in the study. A follow-up was performed about 1 year later. The infection status was defined by means of an antigen-based stool assay. Results : In total, for 137 of 180 (76%) children, follow-up information was available. At baseline examination, the prevalence of infection in children with follow-up information was 27%[95% confidence interval (CI), 20,35%]. The incidence of H. pylori infection amongpreviously uninfected children was 7% (95% CI, 3,14%) and the loss of infection among previously infected children was 35% (95% CI, 20,54%) during follow-up. Conclusions : This prospective cohort study in a high-risk group of children living in Germany showed that H. pylori colonization may often not persist at an early age. Furthermore, the use of penicillins and macrolides may be associated with the loss of infection at an early age. [source] Determinants of atopic sensitization in Turkish school children: Effects of pre- and post-natal events and maternal atopyPEDIATRIC ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY, Issue 1 2004Semanur Kuyucu Emergence of new environmental risk factors, and/or loss of protective factors of a traditional lifestyle may explain the increase, or variations in prevalence of allergic diseases. The aim of this study was to delineate the prevalence and spectrum of, and to reveal the causal and/or protective factors for atopic sensitization among a heterogenous cohort of Turkish children, for the first time in our country. The study design adhered to International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) phase II protocol. A self-administered parental questionnaire about demographic characteristics and detailed risk factors, and skin-prick test with 13 allergens were employed in a clustered random sample of 8,11-yr-old Turkish school children. Atopy was defined as the presence of at least one positive skin reaction to any allergen tested. The association between a total of 78 risk factors and different aspects of atopy were analyzed in 1144 children with multivariate logistic regression analysis. The overall prevalence of atopy was 20.6%. Most common sensitizations were to grass pollens, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Blatella germanica. Day care attendance, high paternal education level, male gender and maternal asthma were significant risk factors for atopy. Breastfeeding more than 6 months (compared with 0,6 months), maternal smoking during pregnancy and a birth weight under 2500 g were inversely related to (or protective factors for) atopic sensitization. Maternal atopic disease had significant effects on risk factors pattern. In children with a maternal atopy history a low birth weight, day care attendance and maternal smoking during the first year of life independently increased the risk of atopic sensitization. Gender, breastfeeding and paternal education did not show any association with atopy in this group of children. A history of measles and low gestational age were significant protective factors for mite sensitization. This study showed that children of atopic mothers showed a different profile of risk factors associated with atopic sensitization, when compared with other children. Prenatal and early childhood events had important associations with atopic sensitization. [source] Peritonitis rates and common microorganisms in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and automated peritoneal dialysisPEDIATRICS INTERNATIONAL, Issue 2 2009Sema Akman Abstract Background:, The aim of the present study was to perform a multicenter investigation in Turkish children on chronic peritoneal dialysis by examining the rates of peritonitis as well as causative organisms according to year. Methods:, Twelve pediatric renal units participated in this study and data were obtained by review of the medical records. Results:, One hundred and thirty-two patients were on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), 21 were on automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) and 59 were on CAPD and APD at different times. Mean durations of CAPD and APD were 24.2 ± 21.1 months and 22.9 ± 12.8 months, respectively. Seventy-one (33%) out of 212 patients had no peritonitis episode. Overall peritonitis rate was one episode per 15.5 patient-months. The peritonitis rate was one episode per 15.4 patient-months for APD and one episode per 15.6 patient-months for CAPD. Coagulase-negative staphylococcus was the most common cause of peritonitis among patients with positive culture (20.6%). While the incidence of Gram-negative infection remained unchanged according to year in patients on CAPD (P = 0.68), the rate of Gram-negative peritonitis in children on APD was significantly higher (P = 0.03). Conclusions:, Peritonitis rate was similar in CAPD and APD, but the risk of Gram-negative peritonitis in APD was higher than that of CAPD. [source] Hepatitis A seroprevalence and demographics in Turkish children in AnkaraPEDIATRICS INTERNATIONAL, Issue 1 2009Rukiye U. Sac Abstract Background:, Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is the most common cause of hepatitis in childhood and an important public health problem. The objective of the present study was to determine the seroprevalence of hepatitis A and patient demographics in children between 1 and 15 years old who were admitted to a pediatric outpatient clinic in Ankara, Turkey. Methods:, Hepatitis IgM and G antibodies were determined in the sera of children who attended the outpatient clinic. Informed consent was obtained from all subjects or their parents. Results:, The mean age of the children (n = 335) was 7.9 ± 2.1 years; 47.5% of them were girls. The overall anti-HAV IgG prevalence in children aged 1,15 years was 47.2%. The positivity of hepatitis A IgM was highest in the 6,10 years age group (22.7%; P < 0.001). HAV IgG was highest in the 11,15 years age group (69.4%; P < 0.001). A total of 95.6% of the children had social insurance, 49.3% were living in poverty. The socioeconomic level of 82.4% of subjects was low. The history of hepatitis in their families was 6.9%. Conclusions:, Hepatitis A is intermediate endemic in Ankara and children must be vaccinated before school age, in addition to health education and improved sanitation. [source] Juvenile idiopathic arthritis profile in Turkish childrenPEDIATRICS INTERNATIONAL, Issue 2 2008Mustafa Yilmaz Abstract Background: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a heterogeneous group of disorders. Publications from different countries point to differences in the disease manifestation of JIA among different populations. The aim of the present paper was to evaluate the clinical and laboratory features of JIA in Turkish children. Methods: A total of 196 JIA patients who fulfilled International League of Associations for Rheumatology (ILAR) diagnostic criteria were included in this retrospective study. The data collected were age, gender, age at disease onset and at diagnosis, and follow-up duration. Antinuclear antibody (ANA), rheumatoid factor (RF), and human leukocyte antigen B-27 were evaluated for each patient. Results: There were 102 boys and 94 girls with a mean duration of disease of 4.1 years. The mean age at the first visit was 8.8 years, and the mean age at onset of disease was 6.8 years (range, 8 months,15 years). Polyarticular JIA was the most frequent onset type (37.2%). Other subtypes included oligoarthritis (34.2%), systemic arthritis (15.3%), psoriatic arthritis (1%), enthesitis-related arthritis (9.7%), and other arthritis (2.2%). ANA was positive in 28 patients (14.2%). Chronic uveitis occurred in two patients with oligoarthritis; and two patients with enthesitis-related arthritis had acute uveitis. Three patients (1.4%) developed amyloidosis. Conclusion: Compared to reports from Western countries, remarkably different features of JIA were found in Turkish children, which included higher frequency of polyarticular JIA, higher prevalence among boys, lower rate of ANA positivity and uveitis. Further studies are required to understand how genetic and environmental differences affect JIA expression. [source] Association of Helicobacter pylori infection with gastroduodenal disease, epidemiologic factors and iron-deficiency anemia in Turkish children undergoing endoscopy, and impact on growthPEDIATRICS INTERNATIONAL, Issue 6 2007ÖZLEM DURMAZ SÜOGLU Abstract Background: The purpose of the present paper was to investigate the relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and clinical symptomatology, breast-feeding and socioeconomic level. The relationship between H. pylori and iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) and the effect of H. pylori infection on growth were also investigated. Methods: The subjects consisted of 70 patients aged 4,16 years who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy for recurrent abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and dyspeptic complaints during a 2 year period. Patients were divided into two groups according to presence of histological evidence of H. pylori infection (group 1, H. pylori positive; group 2, H. pylori negative) and groups were compared with respect to epidemiologic characteristics, gastrointestinal complaints, height and weight SD scores and IDA. Results: Thirty-five (50%) of the 70 patients participating in the study were H. pylori positive. The mean age of group 1 was significantly higher than that of group 2. There were similar characteristics and symptomatology between groups. The majority of the patients in group 1 belonged to low socioeconomic class (class I and II; P < 0.05). The number of the patients exclusively breast-fed for ,4 months was significantly higher in group 2 than in group 1. Gastritis was significantly more frequent in group 1. Mean hemoglobin, serum Fe and ferritin levels were 11.6 ± 1.7 g/dL, 45.0 ± 23.2 ,g/dL and 11.9 ± 8.4 ,g/dL, respectively, for group 1 and 12.2 ± 0.7 g/dL, 79.3 ± 26.4 ,g/dL and 42.1 ± 31.8 ,g/dL, respectively, for group 2. The mean serum Fe and ferritin levels of group 2 were significantly higher than those of group 1. IDA was observed in 20 (57.1%) and six (17.1%) patients in groups 1 and 2, respectively. IDA was significantly more frequent in group 1. Helicobacter pylori infection was found to be the only variable that had significant effect on IDA. Mean SD height and weight for group 1 were lower than those of the group 2. When the patients were evaluated in four groups according to H. pylori and IDA status, mean height SD score of patients with both H. pylori infection and IDA was significantly lower than that of the patients negative for H. pylori and IDA concomitantly. Conclusion: Low socioeconomic status seems to be an important risk factor for H. pylori infection. Exclusive breast-feeding at least for 4 months can have a protective role against H. pylori infection. Increased frequency of growth retardation and IDA in H. pylori -infected patients in the present study supports similar findings in the literature, although there is still need for detailed studies to clarify the causative mechanisms. [source] Investigation of risk factors for tonsillopharyngitis with macrolide resistant Streptococcus pyogenes in Turkish childrenPEDIATRICS INTERNATIONAL, Issue 6 2002Abstract Background: Streptococcus pyogenes is the most important causative agent of tonsillopharyngitis. Although penicillin is the drug of choice in streptococcal tonsillopharyngitis, macrolides are recommended drugs in patients who have an allergy to penicillin. However, resistance to macrolides is an important problem in some regions of the world. Risk factors for resistance development have not been investigated sufficiently. Objectives: To investigate the risk factors for the development of tonsillopharyngitis with macrolide resistant S. pyogenes. Methods: Three hundred and forty-five children with tonsillopharyngitis caused by S. pyogenes were investigated for various risk factors. Streptococcus pyogenes isolated from children's throat culture were examined for erythromycin, clarithromycin and azithromycin susceptibility. Results: Two hundred and sixty-three children were found eligible for the analysis of risk factors. Resistances to erythromycin, clarithromycin and azithromycin were detected as 3.8, 4.2 and 4.2%, respectively. Macrolide use of the family members in the last 3 months (odds ratio = 7.04, P = 0.005) has been determined to be a risk factor for the development of tonsillopharyngitis with macrolide resistant S. pyogenes. Conclusion: Restriction of macrolide antibiotic use appears to be the most important measure to prevent the development of tonsillopharyngitis with resistant S. pyogenes. [source] Investigation of risk factors for penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage in Turkish childrenPEDIATRICS INTERNATIONAL, Issue 4 2001AbstractBackground: Nasopharyngeal colonization plays an important role for infections caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. Emergence of penicillin resistance in this organism has made it difficult to treat pneumococcal infections. The objectives of this study were to investigate the risk factors for nasopharyngeal colonization with S. pneumonia and for nasopharyngeal colonization with penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae. Methods: Three hundred children with or without evidence of infection were investigated for various risk factors. Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from children's nasopharyngeal swabs were examined for penicillin susceptibility. Results: Day-care attendance (odds ratio OR=2.82, P=0.003) and upper respiratory tract infection within the last month (OR=1.83, P=0.02), have been determined to be risk factors for S. pneumoniae carriage. The use of antibiotics within the last 3 months (OR=81.07, P<0.001), the presence of more than five people living in the house of the child (OR=6.63, P=0.03), and having a sibling under 5-years-old (OR=4.60, P=0.03) have been determined to be risk factors for penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae carriage. Conclusion: Some children are inevitably exposed to and colonized with penicillin susceptible or resistant S. pneumoniae. Changes in day-care organizations, better living conditions, and restriction of antibiotic use seems to be useful precautions to prevent the emerging and colonization with penicillin-susceptible or -resistant S. pneumoniae. [source] Mania profile in a community sample of prepubertal children in TurkeyBIPOLAR DISORDERS, Issue 4 2008Rasim Somer Diler Background:, Mania in youth is increasingly recognized and accompanied by substantial psychiatric and psychosocial morbidity. There are no data on prepubertals in the general population and we aimed to search for mania symptoms and its clinical correlations in a community sample of prepubertal Turkish children. Methods:, Among all children (n = 56,335) aged 7,11 in Adana, Turkey, 2,468 children (48% girls) were randomly included. Parents completed Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) 4,18 and Parent-Young Mania Rating Scale (P-YMRS). Cut-off scores of 17 and 27 on total P-YMRS were defined as efficient (probable-mania group) and specific (mania group), respectively, for bipolar profile. We searched for clinical correlations and used logistic regression to show how well each CBCL subscale predicted the presence of mania and probable-mania, after adjusting for any demographic differences. Results:, Parent-Young Mania Rating Scale scores were ,17 but <27 (probable-mania) in 155 (6.3%) children and ,27 (mania) in 32 (1.3%) children. Elevated mood, increased activity levels, and poor insight were the most frequent manic symptoms in our sample. Children with probable-mania and mania had higher scores on all CBCL subscales and the CBCL-Pediatric Bipolar Disorder (CBCL-PBD) profile (sum of attention, aggression, and anxiety/depression subscales). Logistic regression analysis revealed only thought problems on CBCL that predicted probable-mania and mania. Conclusion:, Our study shows that mania profile is common in the community sample of Turkish prepubertal children and does not support the thought that mania is rare outside the US. We need further population-based studies that will use diagnostic interviews and multiple informants. [source] Obesity in Turkish children and adolescents: prevalence and non-nutritional correlates in an urban sampleCHILD: CARE, HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENT, Issue 2 2009G. Discigil Abstract Objectives The aim of the present study was to identify the prevalence and non-nutritional correlates of childhood obesity in primary school children and adolescents living in a representative sample of an urban area in western Anatolia. Methods The study was designed as a cross-sectional, population-based study. A representative sample of primary school children in Aydin was randomly selected according to age, gender and socio-economic status. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated after weight and height measurement. Centres for Disease Control 2000 growth charts for children and adolescents were used to identify BMI percentiles. Weight and height percentiles were obtained from charts of growth curves for Turkish children. Results The age range of children was 6,16 years. A total of 924 children and 424 adolescents were screened for obesity. Overweight and obesity prevalence in primary school children living in Aydin was 12.2% and 3.7%, respectively. High socio-economic status was found to be associated with childhood obesity. There was no association between obesity and gender, adolescence, educational status of parents and occupation of father. Conclusion In the present study, we focused on some of the non-nutritional correlates of obesity in a representative population of an urban area in a developing country. Obesity prevalence rate in Turkish children living in Aydin was higher in children from a higher socio-economic group in contrast to reports from many developed countries. [source] The relationship between sleep duration and obesity in Turkish children and adolescentsACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 4 2009A Ozturk Abstract Aim: To determine the relationship between sleep duration and obesity in Turkish children and adolescents. Methods: This study was conducted in Turkey with 5358 children aged 6 to 17 years. Height, weight, waist circumference (WC), mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), triceps skinfold thickness were measured. Body mass index (BMI), arm fat area were calculated. Self-reported sleep duration by parents were obtained. Results: As sleep duration increased, BMI, which was significantly higher in girls sleeping ,8 h, decreased (p < 0.05). WC, MUAC, BMI were significantly higher in boys sleeping ,8 h versus males sleeping ,10 h. Boys sleeping ,10 h in 6.0,17.0-years had significantly higher risk of overweight/obesity. In 6.0 to 17.0 years, the risk of overweight/obesity in boys sleeping 9,10 h, 8,9 h and ,8 h were 1.86-, 1.74- and 2.06-times higher respectively, versus children sleeping ,10 h (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Sleep duration may be an important factor for obesity and providing ,10 h of sleep is recommended as a prevention strategy for obesity. [source] Oxidant/antioxidant status and vitamin A levels in children infected with varicellaACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 7 2008Zekai Avci Abstract Aim: Varicella is a childhood disease, with its highest incidence being found in children aged 1 to 9 years. The aim of this study was to investigate the plasma oxidant and antioxidant status in Turkish children with varicella infection. Methods: The study population consisted of 29 children infected with varicella recruited from the Department of Pediatrics at Baskent University Hospital in Ankara, Turkey. The control group consisted of 20 age-matched children from the same region who were apparently otherwise healthy. After overnight fasting, venous blood samples were obtained and transferred to heparinized tubes. Plasma malondialdehyde and vitamin A levels were measured in both groups. Results: The plasma malondialdehyde levels were higher in children in the infected group than they were in children in the control group. However, there were no statistically significant differences in plasma vitamin A levels between the groups. Conclusion: This study suggests that oxidant stress causes significant peroxidation, and the antioxidant defence system is affected in varicella infection. Antioxidant supplementation may yield beneficial results in these patients. Further studies are needed to determine the positive effects of vitamin A supplementation in patients with varicella infections. [source] Body mass index references for Turkish childrenACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 2 2006Ruveyde Bundak Abstract Aim: To construct the body mass index reference curves for Turkish children aged 6 to 18 y, and to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity. Subjects and methods: Height and weight measurements of healthy schoolchildren (1100 boys, 1019 girls) were obtained biannually. Body mass index was calculated from 11,648 height and weight measurements. Centile curves were constructed using the LMS method. Results: The smoothed percentile values and curves for body mass index in Turkish children show that there is a constant increase in body mass index values towards adulthood, especially during the pubertal years, in both sexes. The prevalence of overweight is 25% and obesity 4% in boys at age 18 y. The percentage of overweight and obesity in girls at age 14 was 15% and 1%, respectively. The sample size was too small to come to any conclusion regarding these rates at 18 y of age. Conclusion: This study presents data and curves for body mass index values in healthy Turkish children aged 6 to 18 y. The values are in compliance with those of Western countries. [source] | ||||||||||