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Tunable
Terms modified by Tunable Selected AbstractsSelf-Assembled Perovskite-Fluorite Oblique Nanostructures for Adaptive (Tunable) ElectronicsADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 13 2009Tomoaki Yamada The relative concentration of BaTiO3 and CeO2 is shown to control the inclination of composite growth. The oblique composite structures consist of tunable BaTiO3 nanofibers embedded in a CeO2 matrix, which lowers considerably the permittivity while significantly enhancing the tunable response to an electric field. This is of interest in reconfigurable microelectronics. [source] Tunable, Temperature-Responsive Polynorbornenes with Side Chains Based on an Elastin Peptide Sequence,ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE, Issue 44 2009Rosemary Zufallscopolymere aus der lebenden Ringöffnungsmetathese-Polymerisation von Norbornenmonomeren, die entweder die VPGVG-Peptidsequenz von Elastin oder einen Pentaethylenglycol-Substituenten enthalten (siehe Schema; Mes=Mesityl, pyr=Pyridin), verfügen über eine untere kritische Entmischungstemperatur (LCST), die leicht durch Variieren des Monomerverhältnisses einstellbar ist. [source] ChemInform Abstract: Novel, Tunable, and Efficient Chiral Bisdihydrobenzooxaphosphole Ligands for Asymmetric Hydrogenation.CHEMINFORM, Issue 23 2010Wenjun Tang Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a "Full Text" option. The original article is trackable via the "References" option. [source] Sterically and Electronically Tunable and Bifunctional Organocatalysts: Design and Application in Asymmetric Aldol Reaction of Cyclic Ketones with Aldehydes.CHEMINFORM, Issue 6 2007Jia-Rong Chen Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF. [source] Size- and Shape-Controlled Synthesis and Assembly of a Silver Nanocomplex in UV-Irradiated TSA SolutionEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Issue 22 2006Liangbao Yang Abstract In this paper we describe the size-controlled synthesis ofa silver nanocomplex based on the reduction of silvernitrate (AgNO3) by UV-irradiated tungstosilicate acid [H4(SiW12O40), TSA] solution. This method allows the synthesis of ellipsoidal particles with an average size that is tunable between 2.4 and 84 nm by varying the molar ratio of silver nitrate to TSA, the pH of the reaction solution, and the reaction temperature. Silver nanorods can be formed from the ellipsoidal nanoparticles by controlling the aging time. The formation mechanism of these nanorods is also discussed. The nanoparticles are characterized by UV/Vis spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, XRD analysis, XPS, electron diffraction (ED), TEM, and with a Zetasizer instrument. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006) [source] Bulk Nanostructured Materials: Non-Mechanical Synthesis,ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS, Issue 8 2010Yulia Ivanisenko An overview of the synthesis and processing techniques for bulk nanostructured materials that are based on "bottom-up" approaches is presented. Typically, these processes use nanoparticles, which can be produced by a variety of methods in the gas, liquid or solid state, as the basic building blocks. Their assembly into bulk nanostructured materials requires at least one more processing step, such as compaction or the formation of thick films. For certain nanostructures, film deposition techniques can also be employed. A wide range of nanostructures , from thick films with theoretical density to bulk nanocrystalline materials with nanoporosity , exhibiting novel structural and functional properties useful in many fields of applications are presented. Additionally, the properties of these bulk nanostructured materials can be categorized as either tailored, i.e., microstructure-dependent and inherently irreversible, or tunable, i.e., reversible by the application of an external field. Examples of both categories of properties are presented and the special role of the synthesis and processing routes to achieve the necessary nanostructures is emphasized. [source] Multifunctional Magnetic Optical Sensor Particles with Tunable Sizes for Monitoring Metabolic Parameters and as a Basis for NanotherapeuticsADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Issue 11 2010Günter Mistlberger Abstract Magnetic optical sensor particles with multifunctional cores and shells are synthesized via a facile nanoprecipitation method and the subsequent modification of the particle shell. The hydrophobic particle core includes optical oxygen indicators, a light harvesting system, photosensitizers, and magnetic nanoparticles. Further functionalities are introduced by modifying the shell with enzymes, antibodies, multiple layers of polyelectrolytes, stimuli-responsive polymers, and luminescent indicator dyes. The hydrodynamic diameter is tunable by varying different precipitation parameters. [source] Surface-Grafted Gel-Brush/Metal Nanoparticle HybridsADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Issue 6 2010Edmondo M. Benetti Abstract Polymer brushes are classically defined and are to date employed as assemblies of macromolecules tethered at one end to a surface. The concept of preparing surface-grafted gels by crosslinking such brushes is attractive since it gives rise to new opportunities related to the constraints present in this type of structure. Aiming at the development of nanostructured films possessing precisely adjustable chemical, mechanical, and optical properties, the present article describes the preparation of novel grafted layers based on gel-brush/metal nanoparticle hybrids. These films were synthesized by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization of hydroxyethyl methacrylate with a small percentage of a crosslinker. The swelling, morphological, and mechanical properties of the gel-brushes are shown to be highly dependent on the relative amount of crosslinker used. The gel-brushes are subsequently used as matrixes for the controlled synthesis of silver nanoparticles with overall characteristics that are specifically tunable as a function of the macromolecular structure of the brush template. [source] Reversibly Deformable and Mechanically Tunable Fluidic AntennasADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Issue 22 2009Ju-Hee So Abstract This paper describes the fabrication and characterization of fluidic dipole antennas that are reconfigurable, reversibly deformable, and mechanically tunable. The antennas consist of a fluid metal alloy injected into microfluidic channels comprising a silicone elastomer. By employing soft lithographic, rapid prototyping methods, the fluidic antennas are easier to fabricate than conventional copper antennas. The fluidic dipole radiates with ,90% efficiency over a broad frequency range (1910,1990,MHz), which is equivalent to the expected efficiency for a similar dipole with solid metallic elements such as copper. The metal, eutectic gallium indium (EGaIn), is a low-viscosity liquid at room temperature and possesses a thin oxide skin that provides mechanical stability to the fluid within the elastomeric channels. Because the conductive element of the antenna is a fluid, the mechanical properties and shape of the antenna are defined by the elastomeric channels, which are composed of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The antennas can withstand mechanical deformation (stretching, bending, rolling, and twisting) and return to their original state after removal of an applied stress. The ability of the fluid metal to flow during deformation of the PDMS ensures electrical continuity. The shape and thus, the function of the antenna, is reconfigurable. The resonant frequency can be tuned mechanically by elongating the antenna via stretching without any hysteresis during strain relaxation, and the measured resonant frequency as a function of strain shows excellent agreement (±0.1,0.3% error) with that predicted by theoretical finite element modeling. The antennas are therefore sensors of strain. The fluid metal also facilitates self-healing in response to sharp cuts through the antenna. [source] PLAGUE AND POWER RELATIONSGEOGRAFISKA ANNALER SERIES B: HUMAN GEOGRAPHY, Issue 4 2007Rodrick Wallace ABSTRACT Public policy and economic practice, quintessential expressions of institutional cognition, create an opportunity structure constituting a tunable, highly patterned,,non-white noise' in a generalized epidemiological stochastic resonance that can efficiently amplify unhealthy living and working conditions, particularly within highly concentrated, marginalized urban populations, to evoke infectious disease outbreaks. This is especially true for the infections carried by socially generated ,risk behaviours' which are usually adaptations to histories of resource deprivation or marginalization. A number of local epidemics originating in such ecological keystone communities may subsequently undergo a policy and structure-driven phase transition to become a coherent pandemic, a spreading plague which can entrain more affluent populations into the disease ecology of marginalization. We use this approach to contrast the ecological resilience of apartheid and egalitarian social systems, and apply these perspectives to the forthcoming social and geographical diffusion of multiple drug resistant (MDR) HIV from present AIDS epicentres to the rest of the United States. [source] Rational Design of Conjugated Polymer Supramolecules with Tunable Colorimetric ResponsesADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Issue 10 2009Dong June Ahn Abstract Polydiacetylenes (PDAs), a family of highly ,-conjugated polymers, have unique characteristics associated with their ability to self-assemble. Disruption of the extensively delocalized enyne backbones of molecularly ordered PDA sidechains induces a blue-to-red color change, which has been elegantly applied in the design of chemosensors. Recently, colorimetrically reversible PDAs have received significant attention, not only to gain a better understanding of the fundamentals of PDA chromism, but also to develop methodologies to overcome limitations associated with their colorimetrically irreversible counterparts. In this article, recent progress made in the field of colorimetrically tunable (reversible, stable, or sensitive) PDAs is described. Major emphasis is given to rational design strategies developed in our group. Relevant mechanistic investigations, a diagnostic method to test colorimetric reversibility, as well as future challenges in this area will be also discussed. [source] Illuminating Dark Plasmons of Silver Nanoantenna Rings to Enhance Exciton,Plasmon InteractionsADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Issue 2 2009Hong-Mei Gong Abstract The chemical growth of silver nanorings that possess singly twinned crystals and a circular cross section via a reductive reaction solution is reported. The wire and ring diameters of the synthesized nanorings are in the ranges 80,200,nm and 4.5,18.0,,m, respectively. By lighting up the multipolar dark plasmons with slanted illumination, the silver nanoring exhibits unique focused scattering and large local-field enhancement. We also demonstrate strong exciton,plasmon interactions between a monolayer of CdSe/ZnS semiconductor quantum dots and a single silver antenna-like nanoring (nanoantenna) at the "hot spots" located at the cross points of the incident plane and nanoring; the position of these spots are tunable by adjusting the incidence angle of illumination. The tunable plasmonic behavior of the silver nanorings could find applications as optical nanoantennae or plasmonic nanocavities. [source] Tris(4-cyanophenyl)amine: Simple Synthesis via Self-assembly; Strong Fluorescence in Solution, Nano/microcrystals, and Solid,ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Issue 13 2007A. Patra Abstract The threefold symmetric molecule, tris(4-cyanophenyl)amine (TCPA) is synthesized from 4-fluorocyanobenzene by treatment with potassium carbonate in dimethylsulfoxide; the occurrence of the reaction without any amine reagent suggests the involvement of a novel self-assembly process. A reprecipitation strategy provides stable colloids containing highly monodisperse nano/microcrystals with well-defined cubic morphology and sizes tunable from 250 to 500,nm. The solution, colloid, and solid states of TCPA exhibit strong blue fluorescence; the colloid shows dual emission with an unusually small Stokes shift. Computational investigations are carried out on the molecule and supramolecular assemblies derived from the crystal structure. Coupled with detailed spectroscopic studies, they show that the emission in the colloidal and solid states can be attributed to energy levels resulting from the intermolecular interactions within different aggregation motifs in the condensed phase and energy cascades between them. The computations also reveal the presence of cooperative interactions in the molecular crystal contributing to its high thermal stability. The strong light emission exhibited by TCPA, concurrently in the solution, nano/microcrystal, and solid states establishes it as a novel molecular material of potential practical utility; it has led to the exploration of the underlying mechanism that describes the phenomena observed in the different physical states. [source] Nanoparticle Arrays on Surfaces Fabricated Using Anodic Alumina Films as Templates,ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Issue 5 2003M.S. Sander Abstract High density nanoparticle arrays on surfaces have been created using a template-assisted approach. Templates were produced by evaporating aluminum onto substrates and subsequently anodizing the aluminum to produce nanoporous alumina films. The resulting templates have a narrow distribution of pore sizes tunable from ,,25 to ,,70 nm. To demonstrate the flexibility of this approach for producing nanoparticle arrays on various substrates, templates have been fabricated on silicon oxide, silicon, and gold surfaces. In all cases, a final chemical etching step yielded pores that extended completely through the template to the underlying substrate. Because the templates remain in intimate contact with the substrate throughout processing, they may be used with either vacuum-based or wet chemical deposition methods to direct the deposition of nanoparticles onto the underlying substrates. Here we have produced gold nanodot arrays using evaporation and gold nanorod arrays by electrodeposition. In each case, the diameter and height of the nanoparticles can be controlled using the confining dimensions of the templates, resulting in high density (,,1010,cm,2) arrays of nanoparticles over large areas (>,1 cm2). [source] Chemically Derived Graphene Oxide: Towards Large-Area Thin-Film Electronics and OptoelectronicsADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 22 2010Goki Eda Abstract Chemically derived graphene oxide (GO) possesses a unique set of properties arising from oxygen functional groups that are introduced during chemical exfoliation of graphite. Large-area thin-film deposition of GO, enabled by its solubility in a variety of solvents, offers a route towards GO-based thin-film electronics and optoelectronics. The electrical and optical properties of GO are strongly dependent on its chemical and atomic structure and are tunable over a wide range via chemical engineering. In this Review, the fundamental structure and properties of GO-based thin films are discussed in relation to their potential applications in electronics and optoelectronics. [source] Selectively Transparent and Conducting Photonic CrystalsADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 5 2010Paul G. O'Brien Selectively transmissive and conductive 1D photonic crystals (PCs) are fabricated by alternately depositing sputtered ITO and spin-coated ATO nanoparticle films. These Bragg reflectors exhibit broad and intense Bragg peaks (tunable via the thickness of their ITO layers) over their stop gap but are highly transmissive over remaining spectral regions of the visible and infrared spectrum. [source] Enzyme-Responsive Hydrogels: Dynamic, 3D-Pattern Formation Within Enzyme-Responsive Hydrogels (Adv. Mater.ADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 41 200941/2009) On p. 4148, Sarah Heilshorn and Karin Straley demonstrate the design of a family of adaptive protein polymers with highly tunable and predictable degradation rates suitable for complex tissue-engineering applications. The cover image shows fluorescently labeled neurons grow and extend neurites on a protein-engineered biomaterial. Enzymes secreted by the neurons trigger selective degradation of specific regions of the biomaterial, allowing dynamic 3D patterns to emerge over time. Microscope images were acquired by Karin Straley. Digital art by Chelsea Castillo. [source] Bioinspired Electrochemically Tunable Block Copolymer Full Color PixelsADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 30 2009Joseph J. Walish A variety of fish and cephalopods use tunable 1D photonic crystals to signal and display information. These animals control the color of the reflectors through chemical secretion by the sympathetic nervous system, which reduces the distance between platelets in reflective cells. This control can be mimicked by a bioinspired, 1D photonic block copolymer that is made tunable (see figure) by the production of chemical species through electrochemistry. [source] Surface T-cell antigen receptor expression and availability for long-term antigenic signalingIMMUNOLOGICAL REVIEWS, Issue 1 2003Adam G. Schrum Summary:, It is important to understand how T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) engagement and signaling are regulated throughout an immune response. This review examines the dynamics of surface TCR expression and signaling capacity during thymic and effector T-cell development. Although the TCR can undergo vast changes in surface expression, T cells remain capable of sustaining TCR engagement for long periods of time. This may be achieved by a combination of mechanisms that involve (a) controlling the quantity of surface TCR available for ligand interaction and (b) controlling the quality of surface TCR expression during T-cell activation. TCR signaling itself appears to be one of the main quantitative modulators of surface TCR expression, and it can cause both downregulation and upregulation at different times of T-cell activation. Recent studies indicate that the degree of upregulation is tunable by the strength of antigenic stimulation. There is evidence that qualitatively distinct forms of the TCR exist, and their potential role in sustained antigenic signaling is also discussed. A goal of future studies will be to better characterize these modulations in surface TCR expression and to clarify their impact on the regulation of immune responses. [source] Light-Induced Content Release from Plasmon-Resonant LiposomesADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 22 2009Timothy S. Troutman Thermosenstive liposomes coated with gold form plasmon-resonant shells with optical resonances tunable in the near-infrared range. When exposed to laser light, these liposomes release their content in a spectrally-dependent manner. Spectrally addressable release may find applications in the delivery of diagnostic and therapeutic agents, or more broadly, in developing a technological basis of nanomedicine. [source] Peeling Back the Layers: Controlled Erosion and Triggered Disassembly of Multilayered Polyelectrolyte Thin Films,ADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 23 2007M. Lynn Abstract Methods for the layer-by-layer deposition of oppositely charged polymers on surfaces can be used to assemble thin multilayered films using a broad range of natural, synthetic, and biologically relevant materials. These methods also permit precise, nanometer-scale control over the compositions and internal structures of multicomponent assemblies. Provided that the individual components of these materials are selected or designed appropriately, these methods provide tantalizing new opportunities to design thin films and coatings that provide spatial, temporal, or active control over the release of one or several different agents from surfaces. The last two years have seen a significant increase in reports describing the development of new chemical, physical, and biomolecular approaches to the controlled erosion, triggered disassembly, or general deconstruction of multilayered polymer films. In this Progress Report, we highlight recent work from our laboratory and several other groups toward the design of ultrathin multilayered assemblies that i),permit broad, tunable, and sophisticated control over film erosion, and ii),provide new opportunities for the localized release of macromolecular therapeutics, such as DNA and proteins, from surfaces. [source] Aligned Nanocables: Controlled Sheathing of CuO Nanowires by a Self-Assembled Tubular Glycolipid,ADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 23 2007Y. Zhou Aligned nanocables, consisting of CuO nanowire cores and lipid nanotube shells, are prepared by sheathing an aligned array of CuO nanowires with a self-assembled tubular glycolipid (see figure). The sheath thickness of the nanocable is tunable by changing the incubation temperature of the lipid on the CuO nanowire. [source] Tubular and Twisted Ni,P Fibers Molded from Morphology-Tunable and Recyclable Organic Templates of Hydrogen-Bonded Supramolecular Assemblages,ADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 2 2005M. Nakagawa Morphology-controlled nickel, phosphorus hollow microfibers (see Figure) have been fabricated by electroless plating using hydrogen-bonded fibrous molecular aggregates as novel morphology-tunable and recyclable templates. The inner diameter and the tubular morphology are tunable by simply varying the amphoteric azopyridine carboxylic acids forming the fibrous molecular aggregates. [source] Novel Fabrication of Size-Tunable Silica Nanotubes Using a Reverse- Microemulsion-Mediated Sol,Gel Method ,ADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 9-10 2004J. Jang Size-tunable silica nanotubes have been fabricated using a novel reverse-microemulsion-mediated sol,gel method (see Figure). This facile approach is adaptable to large-scale fabrication, and the diameter of silica nanotubes is tunable through the use of different apolar solvents. The photoluminescence spectrum of the nanotubes displays three emission bands, including a stable and strong blue light emission at 435 nm. [source] Infrared laser desorption and ionization of polypeptides from a polyacrylamide gelJOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (INCORP BIOLOGICAL MASS SPECTROMETRY), Issue 3 2002Michelle Baltz-Knorr Abstract We observed direct desorption and ionization of angiotensin II and bovine insulin from a frozen polyacrylamide gel without the addition of an exogenous matrix, using picosecond pulses from a tunable, mid-infrared free-electron laser tuned to strong absorption bands of the gel. At 5.7, 5.9, 6.1 and 6.3 µm we were able to desorb and ionize both analyte molecules, with the strongest analyte signal generated at 5.9 µm. However, no analyte signal was observed at 5.5 µm. Consistent with a previous report, we did not observe ions of either polypeptide at 2.9 µm, in spite of strong overall absorption. We discuss the implications of this wavelength-dependent ionization, including possible ablation mechanisms and energy partitioning between competing vibrational modes. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Cyclodextrin polyrotaxanes assembled from a molecular construction kit in aqueous solutionJOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE (IN TWO SECTIONS), Issue 23 2009Gerhard Wenz Abstract We describe a molecular construction kit in which amphiphilic polymers and functionalized cyclodextrins are arranged into sophisticated molecular architectures in aqueous solution without the need to perform chemical reactions. Therefore, these systems are highly biocompatible and show programmable lifetimes. The kinetic stabilities of our polyrotaxane structures are tunable using sterically demanding groups that hinder dissociation. These cyclodextrin-based polymer systems are applicable in principle for the detection of analytes at the level of single molecules. These systems may also serve well in targeted drug delivery and gene transfection. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 6333,6341, 2009 [source] Photopolymerization of ternary thiol,ene/acrylate systems: Film and network propertiesJOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE (IN TWO SECTIONS), Issue 5 2007Huanyu Wei Abstract Photocurable, ternary-component mixtures of a 1:1 molar multifunctional thiol,ene (trithiol and triallyl ether) blend and a 16-functional acrylate based monomer have been photopolymerized, and the final film properties of the ternary crosslinked networks have been measured. The photopolymerization kinetics, morphology, and mechanical and physical properties of the films have been investigated with real-time infrared, atomic force microscopy, and dynamic mechanical analysis. The photopolymerization process is a combination of acrylate homopolymerization and copolymerizations of thiol with allyl ether and acrylate functionalities. The tan , peaks of the photopolymerized ternary systems are relatively narrow and tunable over a large temperature range. The morphology is characterized by a distinct phase-separated nanostructure. The photocured thiol,ene/acrylate ternary systems can be made to exhibit good mechanical properties with enhanced energy absorption at room temperature by the appropriate selection of each component concentration. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 822,829, 2007. [source] Single linearly polarized, widely tunable Yb3+ -doped fiber laser with alternative polarization and wavelengthLASER PHYSICS LETTERS, Issue 2 2010D.-F. Liu Abstract A novel single linearly polarized, widely tunable Yb3+ -doped fiber laser with alternative two orthogonal polarization (wavelength) laser beams was proposed and demonstrated experimentally. Using a polarization beam splitting (PBS) as the separating of the two tunable laser beams in a linear Yb3+ -doped fiber cavity, the laser generates two alternatively tunable wavelength laser. Beam 1 is from 1001.9 nm to 1083.4 nm with single linear polarization and 368 mW (at 1030.1 nm) output power. Beam 2 is from 1000.0 nm to 1082.5 nm with 395 mW (at 1018.4 nm) output power and orthogonally polarized with beam 1. In addition, the laser can also work in widely tunable two wavelengths oscillating simultaneously. (© 2010 by Astro Ltd., Published exclusively by WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA) [source] Advances in laser technology for isolated attosecond pulse generationLASER PHYSICS LETTERS, Issue 4 2009C. Vozzi Abstract In this review we report on recent advances in laser technology, which have contributed to the fast development of attosecond science. In particular we will concentrate on two experimental methods for the generation of high-peak-power, fewoptical-cycle laser pulses with controlled electric field, which are crucial for the generation of isolated attosecond pulses. The first method is the hollow-fiber compression technique, introduced in 1996 and now routinely used in several laboratories. So far, isolated attosecond pulses have been generated by using few-cycle pulses produced by such compression technique, in combination with active stabilization of the carrier-envelope phase. More recently, few-cycle pulses tunable in the infrared region have been generated by optical parametric amplification with passive stabilization of the carrier-envelope phase. Such parametric sources represent excellent drivers for the generation of harmonic radiation with an extended cutoff, and offer the possibility to extend attosecond science towards the soft-X rays region. Finally, we will briefly discuss the basic elements of attosecond metrology. (© 2009 by Astro Ltd., Published exclusively by WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA) [source] Cr:ZnSe prism for broadly tunable mid-infrared laser radiation generationLASER PHYSICS LETTERS, Issue 7 2007M.E. Doroshenko Abstract Compact broadly tunable Cr:ZnSe laser was constructed and described. Cr:ZnSe bulk crystal was grown by the Bridgman technique. In our best knowledge the bulk Cr:ZnSe prism was utilized as laser active media and simultaneously as an intra-cavity dispersive element for the first time. The maximal output pulse energy was 20 mJ. The generated radiation was tunable from 2000 up to 2750 nm. The repetition-rate was 1 Hz. The generated radiation beam spatial structure was close to TEM00. (© 2007 by Astro Ltd., Published exclusively by WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA) [source] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||