Home About us Contact
|
Home About us Contact | ||
|
|
||
Tunability
Kinds of Tunability Selected AbstractsSystematic Studies on Photoluminescence of Oligo(arylene-ethynylene)s: Tunability of Excited States and Derivatization as Luminescent Labeling Probes for ProteinsEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Issue 14 2006Yong-Gang Zhi Abstract Functionalized oligo(phenylene-ethynylene)s (OPEs) with different conjugation lengths, p -X(C6H4C,C)nSiMe3 (n = 1,4; X = NH2, NMe2, H) were synthesized by Sonogashira coupling of (phenylene-ethynylene)s and 1-iodo-4-(trimethylsilylethynyl)benzene, followed by desilylation of the p -substituted (trimethylsilylethynyl)benzenes with potassium hydroxide. The photoluminescent properties for the OPE series with different chain lengths and their solvatochromic responses were examined. The absorption maxima were red-shifted with increasing numbers of ,(C6H4C,C), units (n), and a linear plot of the absorption energy maxima vs. 1/n was obtained for each series. The emission spectra in dichloromethane showed a broad and structureless band, the energies of which (in wavenumbers) also fit linearly with 1/n. Both the absorption and emission wavelength maxima of the NH2 - and NMe2 -substituted OPEs exhibited significant solvent dependence, whereas the parent OPEs (X = H) showed only minor shifts of the ,max values in different solvents. Substituent effects upon the photoluminescent characteristics of the OPEs and the tunability of the excited states were examined with the p -X(C6H4C,C)nSiMe3 (n = 2, 3; X = NH2, NMe2, H, SMe, OMe, OH, and F) series. The H- and F-substituted counterparts exhibited high-energy vibronically structured emissions attributed to the 3(,,*) excited states of the (arylene-ethynylene) backbone. For compounds bearing NH2 and NMe2 groups, a broad red-shifted emission with a remarkable Stokes shift from the respective absorption maximum was observed, which can be assigned to an n , ,* transition. The n , ,* assignment was supported by MO calculations on the model compounds p -X(C6H4C,C)2SiH3 (X = NH2, H). Functionalization of the oligo(arylene-ethynylene)s with the N -hydroxysuccinimidyl (NHS) moiety enabled covalent attachment of the fluorophore to HSA protein molecules. A series of fluorescent labels, namely p -X(C6H4C,C)nC6H4NHS, (n = 1, X = NH2, NMe2, SMe, OMe, OH, F; n = 2, X = NH2, NMe2) and p -Me2NC6H4C,C(C4H2S)C,CC6H4NHS were synthesized, and their conjugates with HSA (human serum albumin) were characterized by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy, and gel electrophoresis. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006) [source] Photoswitchable Gas Permeation Membranes Based on Liquid CrystalsADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Issue 17 2010Eric G, owacki Abstract We have fabricated switchable gas permeation membranes in which a photoswitchable low-molecular-weight liquid crystalline (LC) material acts as the active element. Liquid crystal mixtures are doped with mesogenic azo dyes and infused into commercially available track-etched membranes with regular cylindrical pores (0.40 to 10.0 ,m). Tunability of mass transfer can be achieved through a combination of (1) LC/mesogenic dye composition, (2) surface-induced alignment, and (3) reversible photoinduced LC-isotropic transitions. Photo-induced isothermal phase changes in the imbibed material afford large and fully reversible changes in the permeability of the membrane to nitrogen. Both the LC and photogenerated isotropic states demonstrate a linear permeability/pressure relationship, but they show significant differences in their permeability coefficients. Liquid crystal compositions can be chosen such that the LC phase is more permeable than the isotropic,or vice versa , and can be further tuned by surface alignment. Permeability switching response times are 5 s, with alternating UV and >420-nm radiation at an intensity of 2 mW/cm2 being sufficient for complete and reversible switching. Thermal and kinetic properties of the confined LC materials are evaluated and correlated with the observed permeation properties. We demonstrate for the first time reversible permeation control of a membrane with light irradiation. [source] High Tunability of Highly (100)-Oriented Lead Zirconate Titanium Thin FilmsJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY, Issue 11 2008Jiagang Wu Highly (100)-oriented Pb(Zr0.20Ti0.80)O3 (PZT) thin films for electrically tunable applications were prepared on Pt(111)/Ti/SiO2/Si(100) substrates by RF magnetron sputtering with a PbOx buffer layer. The dielectric properties of PZT films were investigated. These results indicated that the applied electric field and measured frequency strongly affected the films' tunability. The PZT films exhibited good dielectric tunability (69.3%) as measured at 1 kHz and 18 V. The related physics mechanism for enhanced tunability was also discussed. The enhanced tunability is attributed to the (100) orientation of PZT films and is a result of the biaxial tensile stress making the polar axis oriented in plane. [source] Electric Field-Dependent Dielectric Properties and High Tunability of Porous Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 CeramicsJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY, Issue 4 2007Yuanyuan Zhang Porous Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 (BST) ceramics were fabricated by the traditional solid-state reaction process, and their structural, microstructural, dielectric, and tunability properties were systemically investigated. Compared with the fully dense BST samples, porous samples exhibit smaller grain sizes, a more uniform microstructure, and much lower dielectric constants, while at the same time, exhibiting little increase in tunability, which is beneficial to the development of microwave-tunable applications. At a frequency of 10 kHz and a temperature of 18°C, as porosity increased from 0% to 28.8%, the dielectric constant of the BST ceramics (under zero bias field) decreased from ,r(0),1690 to ,r(0),990, while the dielectric losses were still less than 0.2%, and the tunability increased from 17.6% to 19.6% (2.6 kV/mm). [source] Improvement of Microwave Loss Tangent and Tunability of Ba0.55Sr0.45TiO3/MgO Composites Using the Heterogeneous Precipitation MethodJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY, Issue 10 2006Rui-Hong Liang Ba0.55Sr0.45TiO3/MgO composites were successfully prepared by the heterogeneous precipitation method and their structural, surface morphological, tunable properties, and dielectric properties at microwave frequency were systemically investigated. Compared with the sample prepared by the traditional solid-state method, the sample prepared by the heterogeneous precipitation method exhibits a smaller grain size, more uniform microstructure, higher tunability, and lower microwave loss, and these properties are very beneficial to the development of the microwave tunable devices application. Moreover, the effects of La2O3 doping on the dielectric and tunable properties of BST/MgO composites are investigated. The result shows that the La3+ -doped sample has higher tunability and lower microwave loss than the undoped one. [source] Magnetically tunable microstrip linear resonator on polycrystalline ferrite substrateMICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS, Issue 11 2007Rajeev Pourush Abstract A low cost conventional half-wave microstrip linear resonator has been designed at 2 GHz central frequency and fabricated photolithographically by depositing metallic films on prepared LiMnTi polycrystalline ferrite substrate. Resonator characteristics have been examined by keeping it in the low biasing magnetic field values (from 0 to 298 Guass) applied in transverse direction of wave propagation and normal to ground plane. Tunability of 339 MHz (17%) was achieved which is the best reported so far for such a structure for low magnetic field values with a minimum insertion loss of 10.68 dB. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 2868,2870, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com).DOI 10.1002/mop.22858 [source] Ceramic,Polymer Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3/Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) Composites with Different Type Composite Structures for Electronic TechnologyINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED CERAMIC TECHNOLOGY, Issue 4 2010Hong Wang Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 (BST)/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) composites with 0,3, 1,3, and 2,2 type structures were prepared and studied. The effect of composite type on the dielectric properties of BST/PMMA composites was comprehensively investigated by both theoretical and experimental methods. The 1,3 type composite shows the highest permittivity and dielectric tunability, while the 2,2 and 0,3 type composites show lower permittivity as well as lower dielectric tunabilities. The experimentally measured dielectric properties are in agreement with the theoretically calculated values. The results help in understanding and tailoring the dielectric properties of ceramic,polymer composites by choosing a suitable composite structure. [source] Thermally Stable Nanocrystalline Mesoporous Gallium Oxide PhasesEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Issue 22 2009Chinmay A. Deshmane Abstract Semicrystalline and fully crystalline mesoporous galliumoxide phases were synthesized in the presence of ionic and non-ionic structure directing agents via Evaporation-Induced Self-Assembly (EISA) and Self-Assembly Hydrothermal-Assisted (SAHA) methods respectively. EISA led to partially crystalline mesoporous gallium oxide phases displaying unimodal pore size distribution in the range of ca. 2,5 nm and surface areas as high as 300 m2/g. SAHA led to nanocrystalline mesoporous uniform micron-sized gallium oxide spheres (ca. 0.3,6.5 ,m) with narrow size distribution displaying cubic spinel type structure. These mesophases displayed surface areas as high as ca. 221 m2/g and unimodal pore size distribution in the 5,15 nm range. Textural properties such as surface areas and pore sizes were effectively fine-tuned by the nature and relative concentration of the structure directing agents. Due to their high surface areas, tunability of pore sizes and the nature of the wall structure, these gallium oxide mesophases could find potential applications as heterogeneous catalysts.(© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009) [source] An Investigation of the Reactivity of [(diimine)(dithiolato)M] Complexes Using the Fukui Functions ConceptEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Issue 3 2006Christodoulos Makedonas Abstract Fukui functions are widely used when investigating the reactivity of organic molecules, but rarely with metal complexes. Here, we investigate the reactivity of [(diimine)(dithiolato)M] complexes with different types of reagents and upon oxidation employing this concept. Mixed-ligand complexes of this type have a peculiar electronic description due to the mixed-metal-ligand-to-ligand charge-transfer band, which is why they are considered as very promising candidates for non-linear optical (NLO) materials and molecular photochemical devices (MPD). As a result, their reactivity is of crucial importance for their potential applications. The obtained results of f+ and f, for the neutral [(diimine)(dithiolato)M] complexes (M = Pd, Ni and Pt) not only predict that the sulfur atom is the preferable active site for electrophilic attack but also reveal the different tunability of these complexes when they are subjected to an oxidation process, in agreement with experimental results. Under the framework of the Fukui indices we also provide an alternative explanation for crystal packing that could find widespread application. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006) [source] Systematic Studies on Photoluminescence of Oligo(arylene-ethynylene)s: Tunability of Excited States and Derivatization as Luminescent Labeling Probes for ProteinsEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Issue 14 2006Yong-Gang Zhi Abstract Functionalized oligo(phenylene-ethynylene)s (OPEs) with different conjugation lengths, p -X(C6H4C,C)nSiMe3 (n = 1,4; X = NH2, NMe2, H) were synthesized by Sonogashira coupling of (phenylene-ethynylene)s and 1-iodo-4-(trimethylsilylethynyl)benzene, followed by desilylation of the p -substituted (trimethylsilylethynyl)benzenes with potassium hydroxide. The photoluminescent properties for the OPE series with different chain lengths and their solvatochromic responses were examined. The absorption maxima were red-shifted with increasing numbers of ,(C6H4C,C), units (n), and a linear plot of the absorption energy maxima vs. 1/n was obtained for each series. The emission spectra in dichloromethane showed a broad and structureless band, the energies of which (in wavenumbers) also fit linearly with 1/n. Both the absorption and emission wavelength maxima of the NH2 - and NMe2 -substituted OPEs exhibited significant solvent dependence, whereas the parent OPEs (X = H) showed only minor shifts of the ,max values in different solvents. Substituent effects upon the photoluminescent characteristics of the OPEs and the tunability of the excited states were examined with the p -X(C6H4C,C)nSiMe3 (n = 2, 3; X = NH2, NMe2, H, SMe, OMe, OH, and F) series. The H- and F-substituted counterparts exhibited high-energy vibronically structured emissions attributed to the 3(,,*) excited states of the (arylene-ethynylene) backbone. For compounds bearing NH2 and NMe2 groups, a broad red-shifted emission with a remarkable Stokes shift from the respective absorption maximum was observed, which can be assigned to an n , ,* transition. The n , ,* assignment was supported by MO calculations on the model compounds p -X(C6H4C,C)2SiH3 (X = NH2, H). Functionalization of the oligo(arylene-ethynylene)s with the N -hydroxysuccinimidyl (NHS) moiety enabled covalent attachment of the fluorophore to HSA protein molecules. A series of fluorescent labels, namely p -X(C6H4C,C)nC6H4NHS, (n = 1, X = NH2, NMe2, SMe, OMe, OH, F; n = 2, X = NH2, NMe2) and p -Me2NC6H4C,C(C4H2S)C,CC6H4NHS were synthesized, and their conjugates with HSA (human serum albumin) were characterized by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy, and gel electrophoresis. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006) [source] Harnessing Surface Wrinkle Patterns in Soft MatterADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Issue 16 2010Shu Yang Abstract Mechanical instabilities in soft materials, specifically wrinkling, have led to the formation of unique surface patterns for a wide range of applications that are related to surface topography and its dynamic tuning. In this progress report, two distinct approaches for wrinkle formation, including mechanical stretching/releasing of oxide/PDMS bilayers and swelling of hydrogel films confined on a rigid substrate with a depth-wise modulus gradient, are discussed. The wrinkling mechanisms and transitions between different wrinkle patterns are studied. Strategies to control the wrinkle pattern order and characteristic wavelength are suggested, and some efforts in harnessing topographic tunability in elastomeric PDMS bilayer wrinkled films for various applications, including tunable adhesion, wetting, microfluidics, and microlens arrays, are highlighted. The report concludes with perspectives on the future directions in manipulation of pattern formation for complex structures, and potential new technological applications. [source] High K Capacitors and OFET Gate Dielectrics from Self-Assembled BaTiO3 and (Ba,Sr)TiO3 Nanocrystals in the Superparaelectric LimitADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Issue 4 2010Limin Huang Abstract Nanodielectrics is an emerging field with applications in capacitors, gate dielectrics, energy storage, alternatives to Li-ion batteries, and frequency modulation in communications devices. Self-assembly of high k dielectric nanoparticles is a highly attractive means to produce nanostructured films with improved performance,namely dielectric tunability, low leakage, and low loss,as a function of size, composition, and structure. One of the major challenges is conversion of the nanoparticle building block into a reliable thin film device at conditions consistent with integrated device manufacturing or plastic electronics. Here, the development of BaTiO3 and (Ba,Sr)TiO3 superparaelectric uniform nanocrystal (8,12,nm) films prepared at room temperature by evaporative driven assembly with no annealing step is reported. Thin film inorganic and polymer composite capacitors show dielectric constants in the tunable range of 10,30, dependent on composition, and are confirmed to be superparaelectric. Organic thin film transistor (TFT) devices on flexible substrates demonstrate the readiness of nanoparticle-assembled films as gate dielectrics in device fabrication. [source] Atomic-Layer Graphene as a Saturable Absorber for Ultrafast Pulsed LasersADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Issue 19 2009Qiaoliang Bao Abstract The optical conductance of monolayer graphene is defined solely by the fine structure constant, ,,=, (where e is the electron charge, is Dirac's constant and c is the speed of light). The absorbance has been predicted to be independent of frequency. In principle, the interband optical absorption in zero-gap graphene could be saturated readily under strong excitation due to Pauli blocking. Here, use of atomic layer graphene as saturable absorber in a mode-locked fiber laser for the generation of ultrashort soliton pulses (756 fs) at the telecommunication band is demonstrated. The modulation depth can be tuned in a wide range from 66.5% to 6.2% by varying the graphene thickness. These results suggest that ultrathin graphene films are potentially useful as optical elements in fiber lasers. Graphene as a laser mode locker can have many merits such as lower saturation intensity, ultrafast recovery time, tunable modulation depth, and wideband tunability. [source] Giant Electric Field Tuning of Magnetic Properties in Multiferroic Ferrite/Ferroelectric HeterostructuresADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Issue 11 2009Ming Liu Abstract Multiferroic heterostructures of Fe3O4/PZT (lead zirconium titanate), Fe3O4/PMN-PT (lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate) and Fe3O4/PZN-PT (lead zinc niobate-lead titanate) are prepared by spin-spray depositing Fe3O4 ferrite film on ferroelectric PZT, PMN-PT and PZN-PT substrates at a low temperature of 90,°C. Strong magnetoelectric coupling (ME) and giant microwave tunability are demonstrated by a electrostatic field induced magnetic anisotropic field change in these heterostructures. A high electrostatically tunable ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) field shift up to 600,Oe, corresponding to a large microwave ME coefficient of 67,Oe cm kV,1, is observed in Fe3O4/PMN-PT heterostructures. A record-high electrostatically tunable FMR field range of 860 Oe with a linewidth of 330,380,Oe is demonstrated in Fe3O4/PZN-PT heterostructure, corresponding to a ME coefficient of 108,Oe cm kV,1. Static ME interaction is also investigated and a maximum electric field induced squareness ratio change of 40% is observed in Fe3O4/PZN-PT. In addition, a new concept that the external magnetic orientation and the electric field cooperate to determine microwave magnetic tunability is brought forth to significantly enhance the microwave tunable range up to 1000,Oe. These low temperature synthesized multiferroic heterostructures exhibiting giant electrostatically induced tunable magnetic resonance field at microwave frequencies provide great opportunities for electrostatically tunable microwave multiferroic devices. [source] Bifurcated Mechanical Behavior of Deformed Periodic Porous SolidsADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Issue 9 2009Srikanth Singamaneni Abstract The transformation of periodic microporous structures fabricated by interference lithography followed by their freezing below glass transition is described. Periodic porous microstructures subjected to internal compressive stresses can undergo sudden structural transformation at a critical strain. The pattern transformation of collapsed pores is caused by the stresses originated during the polymerization of acrylic acid (rubbery component) inside of cylindrical pores and the subsequent solvent evaporation in the organized microporous structure. By confining the polymerization of acrylic acid to localized porous areas complex microscopic periodic structures can be obtained. The control over the mechanical instabilities in periodic porous solids at a sub-micron scale demonstrated here suggests the potential mechanical tunability of photonic, transport, adhesive, and phononic properties of such periodic porous solids. [source] Gold Nanorods: From Synthesis and Properties to Biological and Biomedical ApplicationsADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 48 2009Xiaohua Huang Abstract Noble metal nanoparticles are capable of confining resonant photons in such a manner as to induce coherent surface plasmon oscillation of their conduction band electrons, a phenomenon leading to two important properties. Firstly, the confinement of the photon to the nanoparticle's dimensions leads to a large increase in its electromagnetic field and consequently great enhancement of all the nanoparticle's radiative properties, such as absorption and scattering. Moreover, by confining the photon's wavelength to the nanoparticle's small dimensions, there exists enhanced imaging resolving powers, which extend well below the diffraction limit, a property of considerable importance in potential device applications. Secondly, the strongly absorbed light by the nanoparticles is followed by a rapid dephasing of the coherent electron motion in tandem with an equally rapid energy transfer to the lattice, a process integral to the technologically relevant photothermal properties of plasmonic nanoparticles. Of all the possible nanoparticle shapes, gold nanorods are especially intriguing as they offer strong plasmonic fields while exhibiting excellent tunability and biocompatibility. We begin this review of gold nanorods by summarizing their radiative and nonradiative properties. Their various synthetic methods are then outlined with an emphasis on the seed-mediated chemical growth. In particular, we describe nanorod spontaneous self-assembly, chemically driven assembly, and polymer-based alignment. The final section details current studies aimed at applications in the biological and biomedical fields. [source] Giant Electric Field Tuning of Magnetism in Novel Multiferroic FeGaB/Lead Zinc Niobate,Lead Titanate (PZN-PT) HeterostructuresADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 46 2009Jing Lou A novel multiferroic heterostructure consisting of a FeGaB thin film and a PZN-PT single crystal slab shows giant tunability of the ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) frequency of the heterostructure by electric field (see figure). The overall electric-field-induced FMR frequency change of 5.82 GHz is the largest reported so far. FeGaB/PZN-PT multiferroic heterostructures are promising candidates for wide-band electrostatically tunable microwave devices. [source] Electric-Field-Tunable Low Loss Multiferroic Ferrimagnetic,Ferroelectric HeterostructuresADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 20 2009Jaydip Das A novel monolithic multilayered ferrimagnetic, ferroelectric multiferroic heterostructure shows a remarkably large tuning of the magnetic response with an electric field. The heteroepitaxial stack is comprised of a near single crystal yttrium iron garnet (YIG) layer, a ferroelectric barium strontium titanate (BSTO) layer with good electric field tunability, and embedded platinum (Pt) electrodes. [source] Stacking the Nanochemistry Deck: Structural and Compositional Diversity in One-Dimensional Photonic CrystalsADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 16 2009Leonardo D. Bonifacio Abstract One-dimensional photonic structures, known as Bragg stacks or Bragg reflectors or Bragg mirrors, represent a well-developed subject in the field of optical science. However, because of a lack of dynamic tunability and their dependence on complex top-down techniques for their fabrication, they have received little attention from the materials science community. Herein, we present recent and ongoing developments on the way to functional one-dimensional photonic structures obtained from simple bottom-up techniques. We focus on the versatility of this new approach, which allows the incorporation of a wide range of materials into photonic structures. [source] Synthesis of Carbon-Nanotube Composites Using Supercritical Fluids and Their Potential ApplicationsADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 7 2009Zhimin Liu Abstract Carbon-nanotube (CNT) composites have attracted a lot of attention because of their potential applications in many fields. Here, recent advances in the synthesis of CNT composites using supercritical fluids (SCFs) are highlighted. SCFs exhibit unique features for the synthesis of composites because of their unusual properties, such as low viscosity, high diffusivity, near-zero surface tension, and tunability. Preliminary studies show that SCFs show unusual advantages for the synthesis of CNT composites. The morphologies and structures of the resultant CNT composites can be tuned by changing the solvent properties. The SCF methods not only provide a green route for the synthesis of composites, but also result in nanostructures that have not yet been produced by conventional methods. Moreover, the potential applications of the resultant CNT composites are also discussed. [source] Ceramic,Polymer Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3/Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) Composites with Different Type Composite Structures for Electronic TechnologyINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED CERAMIC TECHNOLOGY, Issue 4 2010Hong Wang Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 (BST)/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) composites with 0,3, 1,3, and 2,2 type structures were prepared and studied. The effect of composite type on the dielectric properties of BST/PMMA composites was comprehensively investigated by both theoretical and experimental methods. The 1,3 type composite shows the highest permittivity and dielectric tunability, while the 2,2 and 0,3 type composites show lower permittivity as well as lower dielectric tunabilities. The experimentally measured dielectric properties are in agreement with the theoretically calculated values. The results help in understanding and tailoring the dielectric properties of ceramic,polymer composites by choosing a suitable composite structure. [source] Fabrication and Tunable Dielectric Properties of (Ba0.7Sr0.3)TiO3 -Glass-Based Thick-Film CapacitorsINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED CERAMIC TECHNOLOGY, Issue 2 2009Pulipparambil Vasu Divya Ferroelectric glass,ceramics of composition 0.90 (Ba0.7Sr0.3) TiO3,0.10(B2O3:SiO2) (0.90 BST:0.10 BS) synthesized by sol,gel method have been used for the preparation of dielectric thick-film inks. The particle dispersion of the glass,ceramic powders in the thick-film ink formulations have been studied through rheological measurements for fabricating thick-film capacitors by screen printing technique. The thick films derived from such glass,ceramics are found to sinter at considerably lower temperatures than the pure ceramic, and exhibit good dielectric characteristics with a tunability of 32% at 1 MHz under a dc bias field of 35 kV/cm. [source] Ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering at the Advanced Photon SourceJOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY, Issue 3 2009Jan Ilavsky The design and operation of a versatile ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering (USAXS) instrument at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) at Argonne National Laboratory are presented. The instrument is optimized for the high brilliance and low emittance of an APS undulator source. It has angular and energy resolutions of the order of 10,4, accurate and repeatable X-ray energy tunability over its operational energy range from 8 to 18,keV, and a dynamic intensity range of 108 to 109, depending on the configuration. It further offers quantitative primary calibration of X-ray scattering cross sections, a scattering vector range from 0.0001 to 1,Å,1, and stability and reliability over extended running periods. Its operational configurations include one-dimensional collimated (slit-smeared) USAXS, two-dimensional collimated USAXS and USAXS imaging. A robust data reduction and data analysis package, which was developed in parallel with the instrument, is available and supported at the APS. [source] Small-gap insertion-device development at the National Synchrotron Light Source , performance of the new X13 mini-gap undulatorJOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION, Issue 2 2004J. M. Ablett The National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS) 2.8,GeV electron storage ring continues to set high standards in insertion-device research and development. The Chasman,Green NSLS lattice design provides for dispersion-free long straight sections in addition to a very small vertical , function. As the electron beam size is proportional to the square root of this function, a program to exploit this feature was undertaken more than a decade ago by implementing short-period small-gap insertion devices in the NSLS storage ring. The possibility of utilizing existing moderate-energy synchrotron radiation electron storage rings to produce high-brightness photon beams into the harder X-ray region have been realised using in-vacuum undulators. In this article the operation of a 1.25,cm-period mini-gap undulator, operating down to a gap of 3.3,mm within the NSLS X13 straight section, is reported. It is the brightest source of hard X-rays in the energy range ,3.7,16,keV at the NSLS, and replaces an in-vacuum undulator which had a more limited tunability. [source] Improved Dielectric Properties of Bi1.5Zn1.0Nb1.5O7/(111)-Oriented Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 Bilayered Films for Tunable Microwave ApplicationsJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY, Issue 5 2010Lihui Yang Bi1.5Zn1.0Nb1.5O7/(111)-oriented Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 [BZN/BST (111)] bilayered films (,500-nm-thick) have been prepared on Pt/TiOx/SiO2/Si substrates by RF-magnetron sputtering. Experimental results suggested that the BZN layer has played a positive role in improving the dielectric properties of the films. With the increased thickness of BZN, the dielectric loss was significantly lowered, accompanied with a tolerable reduction of tunability. The thickness effect was discussed with a series connection model of multilayered capacitors, and the calculated permittivity was obtained. At 400 kV/cm, moderate tunability of 50.55%, low dielectric loss of 0.0108, and the largest figure of merit of 46.8 can be achieved for BZN (50 nm)/BST(450 nm) bilayered films. [source] Microstructure,Dielectric Properties Relationship in Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3,Mg2SiO4,Al2O3 Composite CeramicsJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY, Issue 1 2010Ying Chen 0.60Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3(BST),(0.40,x)Mg2SiO4(MS),xAl2O3 (x=0, 0.5, 3, 5wt%) composite ceramics exhibit excellent characteristics suitable for tunable device applications. With increasing amount of Al, the dielectric peak can be quantitatively broadened and suppressed; the "phase transition temperature"Tc or (Tm) shifts to a lower temperature. Meanwhile, the tunability is still high in a wider temperature range. Far from Tc, pyroelectric effects are observed by using the Byer and Roundy technology and Slim polarization hysteresis loops are observed under high ac dielectric field at 10Hz. These proved the existence of spontaneous polarization in certain possible orientations in a broad temperature range above Tc in the paraelectric medium and reveal why 0.60BST,(0.40,x)MS,xAl2O3 have such remarkable dielectric nonlinearity. [source] Dielectric Tunable Properties and Relaxor Behavior of (Pb0.5Ba0.5)ZrO3 Thin FilmsJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY, Issue 12 2008Xihong Hao Pb0.5Ba0.5ZrO3 (PBZ50) thin films with a thickness of about 500 nm in the paraelectric-phase were deposited on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates via the sol,gel process. The room-temperature dielectric measurements showed that the tunability and figure of merit (FOM) of the PBZ50 films at the maximum external DC field of 200 kV/cm were 39% and 38%, respectively. The results of temperature-dependent dielectric measurements confirmed that PBZ50 films had a typical diffuse phase transition characteristic and relaxor behavior. [source] High Tunability of Highly (100)-Oriented Lead Zirconate Titanium Thin FilmsJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY, Issue 11 2008Jiagang Wu Highly (100)-oriented Pb(Zr0.20Ti0.80)O3 (PZT) thin films for electrically tunable applications were prepared on Pt(111)/Ti/SiO2/Si(100) substrates by RF magnetron sputtering with a PbOx buffer layer. The dielectric properties of PZT films were investigated. These results indicated that the applied electric field and measured frequency strongly affected the films' tunability. The PZT films exhibited good dielectric tunability (69.3%) as measured at 1 kHz and 18 V. The related physics mechanism for enhanced tunability was also discussed. The enhanced tunability is attributed to the (100) orientation of PZT films and is a result of the biaxial tensile stress making the polar axis oriented in plane. [source] MgTiO3 and Ba0.60Sr0.40Mg0.15Ti0.85O3 Composite Thin Films with Promising Dielectric Properties for Tunable ApplicationsJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY, Issue 9 2008Lina Gao Mg2TiO4 -doped Ba0.60Sr0.40Mg0.15Ti0.85O3 (BSTM) thin films with different Mg2TiO4 concentrations were deposited on a polycrystalline alumina substrate via the sol,gel method. With the addition of Mg2TiO4, MgTiO3, MgAl2O4, and BSTM phases were formed in these composite thin films. The dielectric loss of the composite thin films decreased about one order of magnitude and the tunability still remained above 15% at a DC-applied electric field of 80 kV/cm. The dielectric constant decreased from 1040 to 388. The low dielectric constant, high tunability, and figure of merit of these composite thin films can be useful for potential tunable devices. [source] Properties of Compositionally Graded BiScO3,PbTiO3 Thin Films Fabricated by a Sol,Gel ProcessJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY, Issue 8 2007Hai Wen The compositionally graded BiScO3,PbTiO3 (BSPT) thin films were fabricated on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si by a sol,gel method. For the up-graded thin film, the PbTiO3 content increased from the film,substrate interface to the surface of the film, while the down-grade thin film showed the opposite trend. The graded thin films exhibited single-phase structures and dense microstructures. The dielectric and ferroelectric properties of the thin films were investigated. The results showed that the compositionally graded BSPT thin films had similar remanent polarization value but a higher dielectric constant, dielectric tunability, and piezoelectric coefficient d33 compared with the homogeneous thin film with a composition of 0.36BiScO3,0.64PbTiO3 at the morphotropic phase boundary. [source] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||