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Triterpenoid Glycosides (triterpenoid + glycoside)
Selected AbstractsA COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE POTENTIAL ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF GINSENOSIDESJOURNAL OF FOOD BIOCHEMISTRY, Issue 2010SUNGWOOK CHAE ABSTRACT Ginseng roots are believed to contain over 20 different types of ginsenosides. However, no reports exist on the antioxidant activity of ginsenosides according to their various structures. The present study involves a comparison of the various forms of ginsenosides, a series of derivatives originating from the attachment of different sugar moieties to triterpene dammarane, with respect to their intracellular reactive oxygen species scavenging activity. Among the ginsenosides, Rb2 and Rc showed the strongest antioxidant activity, followed by (in decreasing order) Rg2, Rh2, Rh1, Rf, Rg3, Rg1, Rb1, Re and Rd. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity ranks of the various forms of ginsenosides were influenced by the types of dammarane, as well as the number of sugar moieties, and substitutive groups. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report evaluating the antioxidant properties of ginsenosides with the goal of determining their structure,activity relationship. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer), a member of the Araliaceae family, is traditionally considered as one of the most important medicinal plants with high ginsenoside content. Ginsenoside is a triterpenoid glycoside, which is known to have diverse physiological and pharmacological activities. However, the correlation of structure and antioxidant activity has never been studied thus far in ginsenosides. A relationship exists between the type and position of the sugar moieties in ginsenoside. From these results, ginsenosides Rb2 and Rc might be very useful for the development of functional food and raw materials of medicine for antioxidants preventing oxidative stress-related diseases. And structure and antioxidant relationship may be potential for evaluating the structure and function relationship of other ginsenosides in order to elucidate which part of ginsenoside is essential with regards to increasing antioxidant activity and the development of novel antioxidants to treat diseases associated with free radicals. [source] Molluscicides from some common medicinal plants of eastern Uttar Pradesh, IndiaJOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY, Issue 1 2010Sunil Kumar Singh Abstract Many aquatic snails act as intermediate hosts for the larvae of trematodes, Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica, which cause the diseases fascioliasis and schistosomiasis. The WHO has tested several thousands of synthetic compounds for the control of the snail host. Although effective, these molluscicides have so far not proved themselves to be entirely satisfactory. With a growing awareness of environmental pollution, efforts are being made to discover molluscicidal products of plant origin. Being products of biosynthesis, these are potentially biodegradable in nature. Several groups of compounds present in various plants have been found to be toxic to target organisms at acceptable doses ranging from <1 to 100,ppm. Common medicinal plants, i.e. Thevetia peruviana, Alstonia scholaris (Family; Apocynaceae), Euphorbia pulcherima and Euphorbia hirta (Family; Euphorbiaceae), have potent molluscicidal activity against freshwater snails. The toxicological actions of Thevetia peruviana may be due to the presence of apigenin-5-methyl ether (flavonoid) and triterpenoid glycosides, while a number of alkaloids (pseudo-akuammigine in addition to betulin, ursolic acid and ,-sitosterol), steroids and triterpenoids are present in Alstonia scholaris and the diterpenoids, pulcherrol, ,-sitosterol, hentriacontane, ellagic acid and ,-amyrin are present in Euphorbia hirta and in Euphorbia pulcherima. Although, at present very little literature is available on the control of vector snails through plant origin pesticides, an attempt has been made in this review to assemble all the known information on molluscicidal properties of common medicinal plants of eastern Uttar Pradesh, India, which might be useful for the control of harmful snails. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Simultaneous quantitation of three major triterpenoid glycosides in Centella asiatica extracts by high performance liquid chromatography with evaporative light scattering detectionBIOMEDICAL CHROMATOGRAPHY, Issue 2 2008Feng-Lun Zhang Abstract A high-performance liquid chromatography method with evaporative light scattering detection was established for simultaneous determination of three major triterpenoid glycosides, i.e. asiaticoside, madecassoside and asiaticoside-B, in Centella asiatica extracts. The optimal chromatographic conditions were achieved on a COSMOSIL 5C18 -MS-II column by constant elution with water (0.01% trifluoroacetic acid, v/v) and acetonitrile (1.0% methyl tert-butyl ether, 0.01% trifluoroacetic acid, v/v) (78:22) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min; the column temperature was 30°C. The evaporative light scattering detector was set at an evaporating temperature of 40°C and nitrogen gas pressure of 3.5 bar. The validation of the method included tests of linearity, sensitivity, precision, repeatability, stability and accuracy. All calibration curves showed good linear regression (r2 > 0.9993) within test ranges. The established method showed good precision and accuracy with overall intra-day and inter-day variations of 1.73,3.06 and 3.89%,4.92%, respectively, and overall recoveries of 97.63,99.39% for the three compounds analyzed. The method developed was successfully applied to quantify the main triterpenoid glycosides in Centella asiatica extracts from different companies. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] | ||||||||||