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Triphenyltin Chloride (triphenyltin + chloride)
Selected AbstractsThe effect of phenyltin chlorides on osmotically induced erythrocyte haemolysisAPPLIED ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY, Issue 6 2005Adam Miszta Abstract The toxicity of many amphiphilic compounds may result from their effect on the lipid phase of biological membranes. Upon incorporation such compounds may change the properties of membranes in general and in particular alter the organization of membrane lipids. These changes should affect, among other things, the mechanical properties of membranes. We selected two amphiphilic compounds, diphenyltin dichloride (Ph2SnCl2) and triphenyltin chloride (Ph3SnCl), which are known to be located at different regions of the lipid bilayer and to be toxic. As a model biological membrane the erythrocyte plasma membrane was used. Analysis of the haemolysis kinetics showed differences between the effect of the compound studied on mechanical properties at so-called non-lytic concentrations. Diphenyltin dichloride showed a limited effect on erythrocyte haemolysis, whereas triphenyltin chloride affected all the parameters measured (extent of initial haemolysis, extent of final haemolysis and membrane mechanical strength). We correlated these effects with the location of the investigated compounds in liposomes. The presented data show that triphenyltin chloride reduces the erythrocyte plasma membrane mechanical strength and increases the extent of haemolysis under osmotic stress conditions. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Toxic effect of triphenyltin chloride on the alga Spirulina subsalsaAPPLIED ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY, Issue 3 2002Guolan Huang Abstract A previous study on the deleterious effect of triphenyltin chloride (TPTCl) on the alga Spirulina subsalsa reported on four physiological and biochemical indices (or parameters): growth rate, chlorophyll content, phycocyanin content and nitrate reductase activity. In the present study, further research was performed to confirm the findings reported in the previous paper, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The SEM images show significant changes in the screw-pitch of S. subsalsa, suggesting that TPTCl may damage the inheritance characteristics of S. subsalsa. The TEM images illustrate that the external pectin theca, limiting membrane and inter photosynthetically active lamella in the S. subsalsa cell are those targets that can be easily damaged. Reversible and irreversible cell damage (cell necrosis) are also observed. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Speciation of some triorganotin compounds in sediments from the Anacostia and Potomac Rivers, Washington, DC, using Mössbauer spectroscopyAPPLIED ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY, Issue 2 2002George Eng Abstract Triorganotin compounds, namely the tributyltin (TBT) and triphenyltin (TPT) moieties, have been used as the active components in antifoulant marine paints. Mössbauer spectroscopy was used in this work to identify the products of speciation of these triorganotin compounds in various types of sediment from rivers around the Washington, DC, USA, area. Aerobic and anaerobic sediments from several sites in the Anacostia and Potomac Rivers were spiked with tributyl- and triphenyl-tin chloride, bis -(tri- n -butyltin) oxide and triphenyltin hydroxide. Mössbauer spectra were recorded for the resultant interactions of the species produced with the various sediments. The Mössbauer spectra of both types of sediment, aerobic and anaerobic, spiked with tributyltin chloride and bis -(tri- n -butyltin) oxide were the same, suggesting that these compounds were converted to the same species, mostly likely the hydrated tributyltin cation, TBT+. The spectra of all triphenyltin chloride and triphenyltin hydroxide spiked sediment samples were the same, indicating again that these compounds were converted to the same species, in this case the hydrated triphenyltin cation, TPT+. Thus the species that interacts with the various sediments are the respective hydrated cations. The results also support the previous conclusion obtained with Chesapeake Bay sediments, that the product of triorganotin speciation depends on the nature of sediment. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Determination of rat hepatocellular glutathione by reversed-phase liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection and cytotoxicity evaluation of environmental pollutants based on the concentration changeBIOMEDICAL CHROMATOGRAPHY, Issue 4 2001Toshimasa Toyo'oka Three methods for the determination of rat hepatocellular thiols by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence (FL) detection have been developed. The thiols in the cells were tagged with three fluorogenic reagents, SBD-F, ABD-F and DBD-F. These reagents could permeate into cells and effectively reacted with thiols to produce highly fluorescent derivatives. These derivatives fluoresced in the long wavelength region at around 530,nm (excitation at around 380 nm). The five biological thiols tagged were perfectly separated by reversed-phase liquid chromatography and were sensitively and selectively detected without any interference from endogenous substanaces. The main thiol in the cells was reduced GSH and the concentration was at the,mM level. The proposed procedures were applied to the determination of hepatocellular GSH after treatment of environmental pollutants such as volatile organic compounds (VOC) and endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC). From the comparison of intracellular GSH concentration, the test compounds were classified into four groups: compounds of strong depletion (eg triphenyltin chloride, hexachlorocyclohexene, nonylphenol, bromoacetic acid, 4-chlorobenzyl chloride and 1,3-dichloropropene), slight decrease (eg bisphenol A, benzo[a]pylene, carbon tetrachloride and benzene), slight increase (eg bromoform and toluene), and no effect (eg 1,1,1-trichloroethane, 1,1,2-trichloroethane and 1,2-dichloroethane). Although the decrease of GSH concentration does not reflect the cytotoxicity of chemicals, the proposed procedure utilizing isolated rat hepatpcytes seems to be useful for investigating the bioactivation of VOC, and EDC, etc. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] One-dimensional Infinite Chain Organotin Compounds: Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Triphenyltin Thiazole-2-carboxylate and Triphenyltin 3-PyridinylcarboxylateCHINESE JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY, Issue 10 2002Han-Dong Yin Abstract Triphenyltin thiazole-2-carboxylate (1) and triphenyltin 3-pyridinylcarboxylate (2) were synthesized by the reaction of sodium thiazole-2-carboxylate or sodium 3-pyridinylcarboxylate with the triphenyltin chloride and their crystal structures were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. In the structure of 1, the tin atom is five-coordinated in a distorted trigonal bipyramidal structure. Due to the presence of a close intermolecular Sn,S interaction distance of 0.3666 nm, the structure can be described as a weakly-bridged one-dimensional chain compound. In the structure of 2, the tin atom is five-coordinated with bridging 3-pyridinylcarboxylate ligands N atom and resulting structure is one-dimensional chain compound. [source] | ||||||||||