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Treatment Issues (treatment + issues)
Selected AbstractsStep-wise treatment of two periodontal-endodontic lesions in a heavy smokerINTERNATIONAL ENDODONTIC JOURNAL, Issue 11 2008C. Walter Abstract Aim, To report a clinical case of two advanced periodontal-endodontic lesions with a focus on treatment issues related to tobacco use. Summary, A 53-year-old Caucasian male was referred to the School of Dentistry, Basel, Switzerland, for periodontal treatment. The major diagnoses were chronic (smoker) periodontitis and advanced combined periodontal-endodontic lesions on the mandibular left lateral incisor and right incisor. Conventional root canal treatment was performed, and subsequently led to reduced radiolucencies around the affected roots after 14 months. The remaining osseous defect was augmented by guided tissue regeneration using bovine bone substitute and resorbable membrane. The follow-up revealed a stable situation from clinical (probing depth 2,4 mm) and radiological points of view 32 months after initiation of treatment. Treatment considerations related to tobacco use are discussed. Key learning points, ,,After conventional root canal treatment, osseous healing should occur before further complementary therapy is taken into account. ,,Issues related to tobacco use have to be considered before treatment is initiated. [source] Obesity,hypertension: an ongoing pandemicINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PRACTICE, Issue 2 2007E. A. Francischetti Summary Considerable evidence has suggested that excessive weight gain is the most common cause of arterial hypertension. This association has been observed in several populations, in different regions of the world. Obesity,hypertension, a term that underscores the link between these two deleterious conditions, is an important public health challenge, because of its high frequency and concomitant risk of cardiovascular and kidney diseases. The obesity,hypertension pandemic imposes a considerable economic burden on societies, directly reflecting on healthcare system costs. Increased renal sodium reabsorption and blood volume expansion are central features in the development of obesity,hypertension. Overweight is also associated with increased sympathetic activity. Leptin, a protein expressed in and secreted by adipocytes, is the main factor linking obesity, increased sympathetic nervous system activity and hypertension. The renin,angiotensin,aldosterone system has also been causally implicated in obesity,hypertension, because angiotensinogen is expressed in and secreted by adipose tissue. Hypoadiponectinemia, high circulating levels of free fatty acids and increased vascular production of endothelin-1 (ET-1) have been reported as potential mechanisms for obesity,hypertension. Lifestyle changes are effective in obesity,hypertension control, though pharmacological treatment is frequently necessary. Despite the consistency of the mechanistic approach in explaining the causal relation between hypertension and obesity, there is yet no evidence that one class of drug is superior to the others in controlling obesity,hypertension. In this review, we present the current knowledge and research in obesity,hypertension, exploring the epidemiologic evidence of the association, its probable pathophysiological mechanisms and treatment issues. [source] An overview of posttraumatic stress disorder in African AmericansJOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 7 2006Tanya N. Alim While several studies have found high rates of trauma exposure there is limited information on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and its relationship to depression in the African American population. The prevalence and/or expression of psychiatric disorders can differ between racial/ethnic groups. The authors review literature addressing trauma exposure, prevalence, and expression of PTSD in the African American population. Risk factors that may be of specific significance to the development of PTSD in African Americans are also reviewed. Additionally, treatment issues and potential directions for future research of PTSD in the African American population are discussed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 62: 801,813, 2006. [source] Somatization and chronic painACTA ANAESTHESIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 9 2001M. Birket-Smith The experience of pain is related not only to tissue damage and physical illness, but also to mental phenomena including depression, anxiety and somatization. Somatization is common among chronic pain patients and presents special problems in management and treatment. Somatoform patients are often given inappropriate diagnoses, treated for non-existent depressive disorders, and exposed to multiple, superfluous investigations. Psychological models of chronic pain and somatization are presented, and treatment issues including psychotherapy and the use of antidepressants are discussed. [source] Practitioner Review: Adolescent alcohol use disorders: assessment and treatment issuesTHE JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY AND ALLIED DISCIPLINES, Issue 11 2008Francheska Perepletchikova Background:, Alcohol use disorders in adolescents are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Over the past decade, there has been a burgeoning of research on adolescent alcohol use disorders. Methods:, A summary of the alcohol assessment tools is provided, and randomized studies reviewed and synthesized to provide an overview of state of the art knowledge of treatment of adolescent alcohol use disorders. Animal models of addiction are also briefly reviewed, and the value of translational research approaches, using findings from basic studies to guide the design of clinical investigations, is also highlighted. Results:, Comorbidity is the rule, not the exception in adolescent alcohol use disorders. Comprehensive assessment of psychiatric and other substance use disorders, trauma experiences, and suicidality is indicated in this population to optimize selection of appropriate clinical interventions. In terms of available investigated treatments for adolescents with alcohol use disorders, Multidimensional Family Therapy and group administered Cognitive Behavioral Therapies have received the most empirical support to date. There is a paucity of research on pharmacological interventions in this patient population, and no firm treatment recommendations can be made in this area. Conclusions:, Given the high rate of relapse after treatment, evaluation of combined psychosocial and pharmacological interventions, and the development of novel intervention strategies are indicated. [source] Annotation: Childhood-onset schizophrenia: clinical and treatment issuesTHE JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY AND ALLIED DISCIPLINES, Issue 2 2004Joan Rosenbaum Asarnow Background:, In the past 10 years, there has been increased research on childhood-onset schizophrenia and clear advances have been achieved. Method:, This annotation reviews the recent clinical and treatment literature on childhood-onset schizophrenia. Results:, There is now strong evidence that the syndrome of childhood-onset schizophrenia exists and there are several similarities between childhood- and later-onset schizophrenia. Schizophrenia in youth can be reliably diagnosed using the same criteria employed with adults, and childhood-onset schizophrenia is predictive of schizophrenia or schizophrenia spectrum disorders in adulthood. Data is accumulating to guide pharmacological treatment strategies, and practice parameters have been developed to guide clinical care. Conclusions:, Despite significant advances, there remains an urgent need for additional research on treatment and service delivery strategies. Promising work with adults highlights the importance of attending to psychosocial as well as pharmacologic treatment strategies, and the potential value of preventive interventions. [source] Women with co-occurring substance use and mental disorders (COD) in the criminal justice system: a research reviewBEHAVIORAL SCIENCES & THE LAW, Issue 4 2004JoAnn Y. Sacks Ph.D. Associated with the dramatic increase in the numbers of women entering the criminal justice system is the recognition of the prominent role of co-occurring substance use and mental disorders (COD) in the lives of female offenders. This article reviews current research examining the prevalence and range of COD among female offenders, the variety of psychosocial problems faced by the female offender with COD, and the multiple treatment needs of women with COD who are under criminal justice supervision. Women with COD can enter the criminal justice system at several different points and, because both substance use and mental disorders carry significant risk of relapse, effective treatment approaches must address both disorders. The paper concludes with a discussion of several important treatment issues and provides suggestions regarding an agenda for future treatment and research. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Inherited pancreatic endocrine tumor syndromes: Advances in molecular pathogenesis, diagnosis, management, and controversies,CANCER, Issue S7 2008Robert T. Jensen MD Abstract Pancreatic endocrine tumors (PETs) can occur as part of 4 inherited disorders, including Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 1 (MEN1), von Hippel-Lindau disease (VHL), neurofibromatosis 1 (NF-1) (von Recklinghausen disease), and the tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). The relative frequency with which patients who have these disorders develop PETs is MEN1>VHL>NF-1>TSC. Over the last few years, there have been major advances in the understanding of the genetics and molecular pathogenesis of these disorders as well in the localization and the medical and surgical treatment of PETs in such patients. The study of PETs in these disorders not only has provided insights into the possible pathogenesis of sporadic PETs but also has presented several unique management and treatment issues, some of which are applicable to patients with sporadic PETs. Therefore, the study of PETs in these uncommon disorders has provided valuable insights that, in many cases, are applicable to the general group of patients with sporadic PETs. In this article, these areas are reviewed briefly along with the current state of knowledge of the PETs in these disorders, and the controversies that exist in their management are summarized briefly and discussed. Cancer 2008;113(7 suppl):1807,43. Published 2008 American Cancer Society. [source] Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: An Evaluation of a Community Based Management Programme for Adolescents and their FamiliesCHILD AND ADOLESCENT MENTAL HEALTH, Issue 1 2006Bernadette Ashby Background:, Young people with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), families and clinicians may differ in their attributions about CFS and consequently in their approach to treatment. Research that clarifies the best treatment approaches is clearly needed. We have sought to develop a model that engages young people and their families in a collaborative way. The approach adopts an optimistic and holistic stance using an active rehabilitation model paying attention to the integrated nature of the physiological and psychological aspects of the illness. Method:, This small study set out to evaluate this approach from a service user perspective. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with young people and their parents separately in order to elicit their views on key treatment elements and their perceived degree of recovery. Results:, Improvements are indicated in all key areas addressed and qualitative information suggests that families value this approach. Conclusion:, Further research is needed to address treatment issues for families who choose not to opt into the service model. [source] | |||||||||||||