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Treated Water (treated + water)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Earth and Environmental Science	50%

Selected Abstracts

Copper impregnated mesoporous activated carbon as a high efficient catalyst for the complete destruction of pathogens in water,

ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRESS & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY, Issue 1 2008
L. John Kennedy
Abstract Copper impregnated mesoporous activated carbon catalyst was applied for the elimination of microorganisms in wastewater. The antibacterial activity of the catalyst was determined qualitatively by testing the removal of pathogens in water after contacting with the catalyst. Escherichia coli, Shigella flexneri, Shigella dysenteriae, Shigella sonnei, and Salmonella typhi were taken as the model pathogens in determining the antimicrobial activity of the catalyst. The catalyst developed for this purpose was thoroughly characterized using instrumental techniques such as BET analysis, X-ray diffraction, FTIR spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscope to determine the pore and surface area, structural phases, surface functional groups, and surface morphology respectively. The energy dispersive X-ray analysis carried out confirmed qualitatively the percentage of copper impregnated in the catalyst. The experimental studies revealed that the catalyst was highly efficient and advantageous to be employed for industrial applications because of the nonleacheablity of copper from the catalyst and nonreoccurrence of the pathogens in the treated water. The transmission electron microscopy evidenced the complete cell wall rupture of the microorganisms. All the experimental results revealed that the copper impregnated mesoporous activated carbon exhibited a strong and long term antibacterial activity throughout the studies for repeated cycles. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2008 [source]

Life expectancy and welfare in Latin America and the Caribbean

HEALTH ECONOMICS, Issue S1 2009
*Article first published online: 17 MAR 200, Rodrigo R. Soares
Abstract This paper analyses the recent evolution of life expectancy in Latin American and Caribbean countries, and evaluates how much it has contributed to the overall improvements in welfare. We argue that increases in life expectancy between 1960 and 2000, which were largely independent of income, represented gains in welfare comparable to the ones derived from income growth. For countries in the region, estimates of welfare improvements accounting for health increase the numbers obtained from income alone by 40% on average. The available evidence suggests that improvements in public health infrastructure , such as provision of treated water and sewerage services , and large-scale immunization programs may have been the key factors behind the mortality reductions observed in the period. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

A Case Study of the Beneficial Reuse of Treated Groundwater

REMEDIATION, Issue 3 2001
Andrew Curtis Elmore
The future disposal of treated groundwater at the former Nebraska Ordnance Plant (NOP) Superfund site has been a topic of interest to the local property owners, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, and the local regulatory agencies. The Record of Decision for the site includes the extraction, treatment, and disposal of almost 3,000 gpm of groundwater with an estimated restoration time period exceeding 100 years. Interest from property owners and the Nebraska agency charged with regulating groundwater supply prompted the Corps of Engineers to consider several strategies for beneficially reusing the treated water. Alternatives included the establishment of a rural water district or local distribution system; delivery of the water to the municipal supply system of Lincoln, Nebraska, andsol;or other nearby municipalities; and consideration of innovative remedial technologies to reduce the quantity of treated water requiring disposal. The selected disposal plan consists of providing treated groundwater to interested parties for agricultural use with excess treated groundwater discharged to two streams. Multiple feasibility studies were generated, public input was solicited, and interagency agreements were executed during the course of the project. The remediation project is currently being constructed, and at least one property owner has constructed a new center-pivot irrigation system to use the treated groundwater. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons. [source]

Mineralogical Characteristics and Cationic Exchange Properties of a Zeolite Mineral from Romana, NW Sardinia, Italy

RESOURCE GEOLOGY, Issue 1 2009
Maria L. Fercia
Abstract An investigation was conducted into the Tertiary ignimbrite formations in the Romana area in NW Sardinia. Scanning electron microscopy,energy-dispersive spectrometry indicated the presence of clinoptilolite and subordinate smectite, quartz, mordenite and calcite. Laboratory analyses of representative samples collected from the deposit indicated a cation exchange capacity ranging from 85 to 135 mEq per 100 g. Ion exchange experiments conducted in flasks containing different initial cation concentrations and in columns supplied with solution having constant cation concentration, showed different selectivity towards the cations examined, in the order: NH4+> Pb2+> Cd2+> Cu2+> Zn2+> Mn2+> Ni2+. Compared to the untreated material, under the experimental conditions used and considering the eluate, and the Italian regulatory limits for discharge into surface waters, the zeolite treated with a 1-N NaCl solution yielded a 1.3,5-fold increase in the volume of treated water, depending on the cation examined. The experimental results obtained show that the cationic exchange properties of the zeolite rock from the Romana deposit are comparable with the average quality of zeolites currently imported into Italy from non-European countries. [source]