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Tremendous Progress (tremendous + progress)
Selected AbstractsRecent advances in craniofacial morphogenesisDEVELOPMENTAL DYNAMICS, Issue 9 2006Yang Chai Abstract Craniofacial malformations are involved in three fourths of all congenital birth defects in humans, affecting the development of head, face, or neck. Tremendous progress in the study of craniofacial development has been made that places this field at the forefront of biomedical research. A concerted effort among evolutionary and developmental biologists, human geneticists, and tissue engineers has revealed important information on the molecular mechanisms that are crucial for the patterning and formation of craniofacial structures. Here, we highlight recent advances in our understanding of evo,devo as it relates to craniofacial morphogenesis, fate determination of cranial neural crest cells, and specific signaling pathways in regulating tissue,tissue interactions during patterning of craniofacial apparatus and the morphogenesis of tooth, mandible, and palate. Together, these findings will be beneficial for the understanding, treatment, and prevention of human congenital malformations and establish the foundation for craniofacial tissue regeneration. Developmental Dynamics 235:2353,2375, 2006. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] WS10 Development of CALUX bioassay-based systems as instruments to detect hormones and contaminantsJOURNAL OF VETERINARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS, Issue 2006A. BROUWER Objective Tremendous progress has been made in the ability to measure particular contaminants or veterinary drugs at very low concentrations. However, rare or previously unknown compounds, metabolites and mixtures are still presenting considerable analytical challenges, while this category in particular might be relevant in terms of food safety. In addition, the need for higher throughput screening strategies at lower costs also demands for methods in addition to chemical analysis. There is considerable development in methodology based on the interaction with bio-macromolecules or living cells or on a biological response in the exposed animal. The aim of this workshop is to provide an up-o-date and practical overview of the various analytical and biological strategies that are available to screen or detect (prior) exposure to drugs, contaminants and pollutants. [source] WS11 Comprehensive investigation of the transcriptomeJOURNAL OF VETERINARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS, Issue 2006T. PINEAU Objective Tremendous progress has been made in the ability to measure particular contaminants or veterinary drugs at very low concentrations. However, rare or previously unknown compounds, metabolites and mixtures are still presenting considerable analytical challenges, while this category in particular might be relevant in terms of food safety. In addition, the need for higher throughput screening strategies at lower costs also demands for methods in addition to chemical analysis. There is considerable development in methodology based on the interaction with bio-macromolecules or living cells or on a biological response in the exposed animal. The aim of this workshop is to provide an up-o-date and practical overview of the various analytical and biological strategies that are available to screen or detect (prior) exposure to drugs, contaminants and pollutants. [source] Assembly of bioinspired helical protein fibersPOLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES, Issue 6 2008Susheel Kumar Gunasekar Abstract Advances in protein and peptide technologies not only enable the study of basic folding and function of natural structures but also the design of novel scaffolds with the ability to form assemblies of varied shapes and sizes. Tremendous progress has been made in our understanding of ,-helices in nature especially in the context of the coiled-coil. The information gleaned from investigating coiled- coils has been used to design novel ,-helical fibers with prescribed morphology and dimensions. This review focuses on the lessons learned from the assembly of natural coiled-coils and how this knowledge can be used to tailor helical fibers as novel bioinspired materials. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Toward the Development of Printable Nanowire Electronics and SensorsADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 37 2009Zhiyong Fan Abstract In recent years, there has been tremendous progress in the research and development of printable electronics on mechanically flexible substrates based on inorganic active components, which provide high performances and stable device operations at low cost. In this regard, various approaches have been developed for the direct transfer or printing of micro- and nanoscale, inorganic semiconductors on substrates. In this review article, we focus on the recent advancements in the large-scale integration of single crystalline, inorganic-nanowire (NW) arrays for electronic and sensor applications, specifically involving the contact printing of NWs at defined locations. We discuss the advantages, limitations, and the state-of-the-art of this technology, and present an integration platform for future printable, heterogeneous-sensor circuitry based on NW parallel arrays. [source] Amyloid precursor protein-mediated free radicals and oxidative damage: Implications for the development and progression of Alzheimer's diseaseJOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY, Issue 1 2006P. Hemachandra Reddy Abstract Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a late-onset dementia that is characterized by the loss of memory and an impairment of multiple cognitive functions. Advancements in molecular, cellular, and animal model studies have revealed that the formation of amyloid beta (A,) and other derivatives of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) are key factors in cellular changes in the AD brain, including the generation of free radicals, oxidative damage, and inflammation. Recent molecular, cellular, and gene expression studies have revealed that A, enters mitochondria, induces the generation of free radicals, and leads to oxidative damage in post-mortem brain neurons from AD patients and in brain neurons from cell models and transgenic mouse models of AD. In the last three decades, tremendous progress has been made in mitochondrial research and has provided significant findings to link mitochondrial oxidative damage and neurodegenerative diseases such as AD. Researchers in the AD field are beginning to recognize the possible involvement of a mutant APP and its derivatives in causing mitochondrial oxidative damage in AD. This article summarizes the latest research findings on the generation of free radicals in mitochondria and provides a possible model that links A, proteins, the generation of free radicals, and oxidative damage in AD development and progression. [source] Amorphous silicon PV module manufacturing at BP solarPROGRESS IN PHOTOVOLTAICS: RESEARCH & APPLICATIONS, Issue 2 2002R. R. Arya BP Solar started manufacturing small-area, single-junction amorphous silicon solar cells for consumer applications in 1984, began producing 1,ft2 (,0.09,m2) single-junction modules for terrestrial applications in 1986 and initiated the production of 8.6,ft2 (,0.77,m2) tandem modules for both remote and building-integrated applications in 1997. Over the last few years, the technical and manufacturing personnel at the BP Solar TF1 plant in Toano, Virginia have made tremendous progress in ramping up the plant to where it is now producing amorphous silicon tandem modules with electrical yields in excess of 95% and at a run rate of more than 7,MWp per year. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Understanding Israelite Religion: New Challenges for Chinese Bible TranslationsRELIGION COMPASS (ELECTRONIC), Issue 1 2007Yiyi Chen With improvements in archaeological methodology, new discoveries in Syria-Palestine, as well as tremendous progress of knowledge about the Ancient Near East in the past several decades, we have never understood Israelite religion as reflected in the geographical and chronological scope of the Hebrew Bible better than now. However, today the most widely distributed and utilized Chinese translation of the Bible is the Union version, which was produced more than 100 years ago. At the dawn of the twenty-first century, the preparation of an improved translation of the Bible based on our better understanding of Israelite religion is brought to the agenda. However, in order not to produce yet another paraphrased Chinese version of one or a combination of several existing English versions that most probably would not outlast the one-hundred-year-old Union version, a group effort of seminary-trained theologians, scholars in the Ancient Near East fields, as well as different sectarians among Christians, is called for. Never before in the history of China is this country more ready than today to execute such a plan, and the general public to embrace a translation reflecting Israelite religion as recorded in the Bible. [source] Principles of immunosuppression in uveitisACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA, Issue 2009F WILLERMAIN Non infectious uveitis is a heterogeneous group of diseases mediated through autoimmune and autoinflammatory mechanisms. It is thus crucial to perform a complete work-up to characterise the disease and eventually find a precise aetiology or a systemic associated condition. When the inflammation is bilateral and the vision threatened, systemic drugs are usually proposed. Despite tremendous progress in the understanding of the disease, treatments are generally based on the administration of non specific immunosuppressive molecules. Currently, high doses oral corticosteroids are first given, followed by a slow tapering of the dosage. If this strategy does not lead to disease control, a steroid-sparing agent should be considered. Antimetabolites, T-cell inhibitor and alkylating agents will be chosen (alone or in combination), depending on the severity of the disease and patients general status. Recently the development of biologic agents offers the possibility to target various specific molecules important in non infectious uveitis development. Nowadays, anti-TNF, have been mostly tested with encouraging results. However, it is likely that different uveitis subtypes would require different biologic agents. In the future, the growing production of specific inhibitors might lead to a more tailored approach of uveitis treatment. [source] On Genes, Brains, and Behavior: Why Should Developmental Psychologists Care About Brain Development?CHILD DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVES, Issue 3 2009Joan Stiles Abstract, The past several decades have seen tremendous progress in understanding mammalian brain development. The models that have emerged suggest that this development is dynamic and, from the very beginning, involves the continuous interaction of genetic, organismic, and environmental factors. The central question posed in this article is whether these models of brain development should be of import to developmental psychologists. It is argued that the key debates in psychology are founded on assumptions that are integrally related to questions of biology and biological inheritance. The construct of innateness, in particular, is central to these debates, and the biological system most critically implicated in claims about innate behaviors is the brain. However, as this article attempts to show, the underlying assumptions of contemporary psychological models reflect largely outdated ideas about what it means for something to be innate. Contemporary models of brain development challenge the foundational constructs of the nature versus nurture formulation, emphasizing that the processes of brain development engage both inherited and environmental factors and rely upon their continuous interaction. These models also emphasize that the relationship between brain and behavioral development is one of interdependence and reciprocity: Behaviors influence brain development and the brain mediates all behavior. Thus, the key to understanding the origins and emergence of both the brain and behavior lies in understanding how genetic, organismic, and environmental factors are engaged in the dynamic and interactive processes that define development of the neurobehavioral system. [source] Laboratory tools and strategies for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus screening, surveillance and typing: state of the art and unmet needsCLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION, Issue 2 2009M. J. Struelens Abstract The public health burden caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections is now widely recognized, and is a cause of public alarm. Effective MRSA risk management in the healthcare system as well as in the community should rely on accurate detection of reservoirs and sources of transmission, as well as on close monitoring of the impact of interventions on disease incidence and bacterial dissemination. MRSA carrier screening and disease surveillance, coupled with molecular typing, are key information tools for integrated MRSA control and individual risk assessment. These tools should be tailored to the distinct needs of local interventions and national prevention programmes. Surveillance schemes should primarily inform local staff and serve as quality assurance about MRSA risk management. New technologies, including the use of selective culture media and real-time PCR assays, allow faster detection of MRSA carriers upon admission or during stay in healthcare institutions. More research is needed to ascertain their cost-effectiveness for MRSA control. Likewise, tremendous progress has been made concerning molecular typing methods, with optimization and standardization of sequence-based technologies offering broad applicability and high throughput. However, no single S. aureus typing method is yet providing fully reliable information within the range of discrimination needed for public health action. Further refinement of genotyping methods and international harmonization of surveillance and typing schemes must be achieved to facilitate global MRSA control. [source] | ||||||||||||||||