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Transverse Process (transverse + process)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Life Sciences60%
Earth and Environmental Science40%

Selected Abstracts

A New Sauropod Dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous Gaogou Formation of Nanyang, Henan Province

ACTA GEOLOGICA SINICA (ENGLISH EDITION), Issue 2 2009
Xingliao ZHANG
Abstract: A new sauropod dinosaur Baotianmansaurus henanensis gen. et sp. nov. from the Cretaceous Gaogou Formation of Neixiang, Henan Province is erected. It is characterized by somphospondylous presacral vertebrae; a highly-developed lamina system on the dorsal vertebrae; transverse process supported by four laminae; and the dorsal portion of the anterior centroparapophyseal lamina is bifurcated, with a small branch extending to the ventral surface of the prezygapophysis. It represents a new titanosauriform sauropod. [source]

Bony landmarks as an aid for intraoperative facial nerve identification

CLINICAL ANATOMY, Issue 7 2007
L.M. Greyling
Abstract Identification of the facial nerve trunk is essential during surgery of the parotid gland. Numerous landmarks have been researched and used. The relation between the facial nerve to two constant bony landmarks, the tip of the mastoid process and the central point of the transverse process of the atlas was investigated. Forty cadavers were dissected. A preauricular incision exposed the nerve trunk. Bony landmarks were identified and marked. The distance from the nerve trunk to the mastoid process and the atlas was measured. The mean distance between the mastoid process and nerve for the left was 9.18 ± 2.05 mm and for the right, 9.35 ± 1.67 mm. The mean distance between the atlas and the nerve for the left was 14.31 ± 3.59 mm and for the right, 13.76 ± 4.65 mm. Confidence intervals were determined. The importance of the aforementioned data revolves around minimizing the chance of injury to the facial nerve during surgery. The applicability of these landmarks needs to be studied in the clinical setting. Clin. Anat. 20:739,744, 2007. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

Unusual origin of the omohyoid muscle

CLINICAL ANATOMY, Issue 7 2004
R. Shane Tubbs
Abstract An unusual origin of the right omohyoid muscle was found during cadaveric dissection. The muscle originated from the transverse process of C6 and inserted into the scapula. No other muscular anomalies of the neck were found. Although many anomalies of the omohyoid muscle have been described, a proximal attachment to the cervical spine is apparently quite rare. Knowledge of the many anomalies that can potentially occur in the cervical region is necessary in routine surgical intervention of this area. We believe this to be the first reported instance of the superior belly of the "omo" hyoid originating from the cervical region as we have described. Clin. Anat. 17:578,582, 2004. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

The Rutland Cetiosaurus: the anatomy and relationships of a Middle Jurassic British sauropod dinosaur

PALAEONTOLOGY, Issue 6 2002
Paul Upchurch
A relatively well,preserved specimen of Cetiosaurus oxoniensis, from the Middle Jurassic (Bajocian) of Rutland, United Kingdom, is described in detail. The material includes a nearly complete cervical series, representative dorsal vertebrae, a fragment of sacrum, anterior caudals, the right femur, and numerous rib and limb fragments. Contrary to previous suggestions that this specimen possesses 14 cervical and ten dorsal vertebrae, it seems more probable that there were at most 13 cervicals and at least 12 dorsals. The vertebral column displays several autapomorphic features which supplement the generic diagnosis of Cetiosaurus, including: (1) a stout, anteriorly directed process located at the top of the neural spine of the twelfth (?) cervical vertebra; and (2) the presence of lateral pits, separated by a thin midline septum, below the transverse processes of middle dorsal vertebrae. Cladistic analysis indicates that Cetiosaurus is probably the sister,taxon to the advanced neosauropod clade. This relationship affects the distribution of particular character states that have played an important role in determining sauropod phylogeny. [source]

Morphology and function of the lumbar spine of the Kebara 2 Neandertal

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY, Issue 4 2010
Ella Been
Abstract The morphology of the lumbar spine is crucial for upright posture and bipedal walking in hominids. The excellent preservation of the lumbar spine of Kebara 2 provides us a rare opportunity to observe a complete spine and explore its functionally relevant morphology. The lumbar spine of Kebara 2 is analyzed and compared with the lumbar spines of modern humans and late Pleistocene hominids. Although no size differences between the vertebral bodies and pedicles of Kebara 2 and modern humans are found, significant differences in the size and orientation of the transverse processes (L1 -L4), and the laminae (L5, S1) are demonstrated. The similarity in the size of the vertebral bodies and pedicles of Kebara 2 and modern humans suggests similarity in axial load transmission along the lumbar spine. The laterally projected (L2 -L4) and the cranially oriented (L1, L3) transverse processes of Kebara 2 show an advantage for lateral flexion of the lumbar spine compared with modern humans. The characteristic morphology of the lumbar spine of Kebara 2 might be related to the wide span of its pelvic bones. Am J Phys Anthropol 142:549,557, 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]