Home  About us  Contact
 

Transport Capabilities (transport + capability)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Medical Sciences33%

Selected Abstracts

Can First Responders Be Sent to Selected 9-1-1 Emergency Medical Services Calls without an Ambulance?

ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE, Issue 4 2003
Craig B. Key MD
Objectives: To evaluate the feasibility and safety of initially dispatching only first responders (FRs) to selected low-risk 9-1-1 requests for emergency medical services. First responders are rapidly-responding fire crews on apparatus without transport capabilities, with firefighters trained to at least a FR level and in most cases to the basic emergency medical technician (EMT) level. Low-risk 9-1-1 requests include automatic medical alerts (ALERTs), motor vehicle incidents (MVIs) for which the caller was unable to answer any medical dispatch questions designed to prioritize the call, and 9-1-1 call disconnects (D/Cs). Methods: A before-and-after study of patient dispositions was conducted using historical controls for comparison. During the historical control phase of six months, one year prior to the study phase, basic life support ambulances (staffed with two basic EMTs) were dispatched to selected low-risk 9-1-1 incidents. During the six-month study phase, a fire FR crew equipped with automated external defibrillators (AEDs) was sent initially without an ambulance to these incidents. Results: For ALERTs (n= 290 in historical group vs. 330 in study group), there was no statistical difference in the transport rate (7% vs 10%), but there was a statistically significant increase in the follow-up use of advanced life support (ALS) (1% vs 4%, p = 0.009). No patient in the ALERTs historical group required airway management, while one patient in the study group received endotracheal intubation. No patient required defibrillation in either group. Analysis of the MVIs showed a significant decrease (p < 0.0001) in the patient transport rate from 39% of controls to 33% of study patients, but no change in the follow-up use of ALS interventions (2% for each group). For both the ALERTs and MVIs, the FR's mean response time was faster than ambulances (p < 0.0001). Among the 9-1-1 D/Cs with FRs only (n= 1,028), 15% were transported and 43 (4%) received subsequent ALS care. Four of these patients (0.4%) received intubation and two (0.2%) required defibrillation. However, no patient was judged to have had adverse outcomes as a result of the dispatch protocol change. Conclusions: Fire apparatus crews trained in the use of AEDs can safely be used to initially respond alone (without ambulances) to selected, low-risk 9-1-1 calls. This tactic improves response intervals while reducing ambulance responses to these incidents. [source]

Ethernet aggregation and core network models for effcient and reliable IPTV services

BELL LABS TECHNICAL JOURNAL, Issue 1 2007
Christian Hermsmeyer
With the growing interest on wireline network architectures for residential triple-play and business Ethernet services there is a renewed demand for efficient and reliable packet-based transport capabilities between the content providers and the end users. Voice and data traffic carried over a variety of access technologies is collected via technology-specific access networks (e.g., digital subscriber line [xDSL], passive optical network [xPON], and wireless fidelity [WiFi]). Metro and core networks need to aggregate the various user flows from different access network nodes and provide scalable and cost-effective distribution of various flow types (e.g., Internet access, voice, video on demand, and broadcast TV services) to the relevant service access points. Varying quality of service and resiliency requirements for these services are being reflected in a new breed of converged Ethernet and optical network elements with capabilities to interwork the bearer-planes of these two networking technologies seamlessly. Network elements based on Ethernet/Optical converged technology are able to select the most fitting mechanisms from each networking technology to meet the transport requirements for each individual service demand better while providing significantly enhanced implementation and operational efficiencies. This paper discusses network architecture models and network elements addressing these goals. © 2007 Alcatel-Lucent. [source]

Enabling Continuous-Flow Chemistry in Microstructured Devices for Pharmaceutical and Fine-Chemical Production

CHEMISTRY - A EUROPEAN JOURNAL, Issue 25 2008
Norbert Kockmann Dr.
Abstract Microstructured devices offer unique transport capabilities for rapid mixing, enhanced heat and mass transfer and can handle small amounts of dangerous or unstable materials. The integration of reaction kinetics into fluid dynamics and transport phenomena is essential for successful application from process design in laboratory to chemical production. Strategies to implement production campaigns up to tons of pharmaceutical chemicals are discussed, based on Lonza projects. Mikrostrukturierte Bauteile bieten überragende Transporteigenschaften für schnelle Vermischung, erhöhte Wärme- und Stoffübertragung und können geringe Mengen gefährlicher oder instabiler Stoffe handhaben. Die Integration der Reaktionskinetik in die Transportvorgänge ist wichtig für erfolgreiche Anwendungen von der Prozesssynthese im Labor bis zur Produktion. Scale-up-Strategien für die Produktion von pharmazeutischen Chemikalien werden anhand von Lonza-Projekten gezeigt. [source]

Design of Hole Blocking Layer with Electron Transport Channels for High Performance Polymer Light-Emitting Diodes,

ADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 10 2008
Chung-Chin Hsiao
A novel dual-functional composite layer composed of a high ionization potential nonconjugated polymer or conjugated molecular material and an inorganic salt of a low work function metal is demonstrated. The composite provides superior hole blocking along with promising electron transport capability and results in good device performance for two model electroluminescent polymers, PFO and MEH-PPV. [source]

Histochemical analysis of lymphatic endothelial cells in lymphostasis

MICROSCOPY RESEARCH AND TECHNIQUE, Issue 2 2001
Rui-Cheng Ji
Abstract The ultrastructure of endothelial cells of intestinal lymphatics and the thoracic duct (TD) and the relation to lymphostasis were examined in rats and monkeys. Localization of 5,-nucleotidase (5,-Nase) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) was studied. In normal lymphatic endothelial cells, 5,-Nase reaction product was evenly deposited on the cell surface in vivo and on cultured TD endothelial cells (TDECs), whereas eNOS was evenly distributed throughout the nucleus and cytoplasm. TDECs had a long filamentous process extending towards the subendothelial extracellular matrix but became flat and regular within 30,40 minutes after gastric perfusion with olive oil. According to their electron-density, two types of cells were found in the TD endothelial layer. The cells with low electron-density exhibited stronger 5,-Nase activity. Valves were bicuspid formations and the valvular endothelial surface of the convex side showed weaker 5,-Nase activity than the concave side. During TD blockage-induced lymphostasis in rats, the 5,-Nase product was almost not discernible in the TDECs within 2 weeks. Larger vesicles were found in the endothelial cytoplasm of the ligated TD. Their number decreased after 6,12 weeks. The small intestinal lymphatics in the mucosa and submucosa were dilated, with numerous open intercellular junctions. The endothelial lining appeared to have reduced activities for 5,-Nase and eNOS in 9 of 11 experimental animals. The results indicated that the inability of the open intercellular junctions, normally working as one-way endothelial flap valves, may be a key morphological feature after TD blockage. Reduced eNOS and 5,-Nase may functionally influence contractile activity and transport capability of the lymphatic vessels in the lymphostasis. Microsc. Res. Tech. 55:70,80, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

Dependence on substrate temperature of the conformation and structure of a poly[3-(4-octyloxyphenyl)thiophene] (POOPT) thin film obtained by matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation (MAPLE)

PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI (A) APPLICATIONS AND MATERIALS SCIENCE, Issue 9 2009
Valeria Califano
Abstract In this paper, the substrate temperature influence on the structural and main opto-electronic properties of poly[3-(4-octyloxyphenyl)thiophene] (POOPT) films, deposited by matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation (MAPLE), was analyzed. Fourier transform infrared analysis of films was performed to verify that laser irradiation has not induced polymer modifications or decomposition, confirming the reliability and high control of the MAPLE deposition technique. UV,Visible spectroscopy allowed gaining insights about films conformation and packing, while conductivity values have been measured by basic current,voltage measurements. In agreement with the experimental observations reported for other growth techniques, our results highlight the substrate temperature effect in promoting the film structural organization and improving their charge transport capability. At substrate temperature of 453,K, films deposited by MAPLE show a higher conjugation length in comparison with spin-coated films. The substrate temperature increase also favors side-chains commutation to different steric configurations. [source]