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Transcutaneous Delivery (transcutaneou + delivery)

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Medical Sciences	100%

Selected Abstracts

Transcutaneous delivery and thermostability of a dry trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine patch

INFLUENZA AND OTHER RESPIRATORY VIRUSES, Issue 2 2008
Vladimir G. Frolov
A patch containing a trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV) was prepared in a dried, stabilized formulation for transcutaneous delivery. When used in a guinea pig immunogenicity model, the dry patch was as effective as a wet TIV patch in inducing serum anti-influenza IgG antibodies. When the dry TIV patch was administered with LT as an adjuvant, a robust immune response was obtained that was comparable with or better than an injected TIV vaccine. When stored sealed in a nitrogen-purged foil, the dry TIV patch was stable for 12 months, as measured by HA content, under both refrigerated and room temperature conditions. Moreover, the immunological potency of the vaccine product was not affected by long-term storage. The dry TIV patch was also thermostable against three cycles of alternating low-to-high temperatures of ,20/25 and ,20/40°C, and under short-term temperature stress conditions. These studies indicate that the dry TIV patch product can tolerate unexpected environmental stresses that may be encountered during shipping and distribution. Because of its effectiveness in vaccine delivery and its superior thermostable characteristics, the dry TIV patch represents a major advance for needle-free influenza vaccination. [source]

In-vitro transcutaneous delivery of tamoxifen and ,-linolenic acid from borage oil containing ethanol and 1,8-cineole

JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACOLOGY: AN INTERNATI ONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCE, Issue 11 2004
Suzanna Ho
The objective of this study was to examine the effects of ethanol and 1,8-cineole on the transcutaneous delivery of tamoxifen and ,-linolenic acid (GLA) as a two-pronged anti-breast cancer therapy. Formulations containing tamoxifen and varying concentrations of borage oil (,25% GLA), 1,8-cineole and ethanol were prepared and the simultaneous permeation of tamoxifen and GLA determined across full-thickness pig skin using Franz-type diffusion cells over 48 h. Analysis of tamoxifen and GLA (as methyl ester) were by reverse-phase HPLC. The highest flux of tamoxifen of 488.2 ± 191 times 10,3 ,g cm,2 h,1 was observed with a formulation containing 20% 1,8-cineole and 20% ethanol. The same formulation also provided the greatest flux of GLA, 830.6 times 10,3 ,g cm,2 h,1. The findings from this work demonstrate the ability of 1,8-cineole and ethanol to enhance the in-vitro permeation of tamoxifen and GLA across the skin and support the plausibility of simultaneously delivering tamoxifen and GLA transcutaneously as a two-pronged anti-breast cancer system. [source]

Selective transcutaneous delivery of energy to porcine soft tissues using intense ultrasound (IUS),,

LASERS IN SURGERY AND MEDICINE, Issue 2 2008
W. Matthew White MD
Abstract Objective Various energy delivery systems have been utilized to treat superficial rhytids in the aging face. The Intense Ultrasound System (IUS) is a novel modality capable of transcutaneously delivering controlled thermal energy at various depths while sparing the overlying tissues. The purpose of this feasibility study was to evaluate the response of porcine tissues to various IUS energy source conditions. Further evaluation was performed of the built-in imaging capabilities of the device. Materials and Methods Simulations were performed on ex vivo porcine tissues to estimate the thermal dose distribution in tissues after IUS exposures to determine the unique source settings that would produce thermal injury zones (TIZs) at given depths. Exposures were performed at escalating power settings and different exposure times (in the range of 1,7.6 J) using three IUS handpieces with unique frequencies and focal depths. Ultrasound imaging was performed before and after IUS exposures to detect changes in tissue consistency. Porcine tissues were examined using nitro-blue tetrazolium chloride (NBTC) staining sensitive for thermal lesions, both grossly and histologically. The dimensions and depth of the TIZs were measured from digital photographs and compared. Results IUS can reliably achieve discrete, TIZ at various depths within tissue without surface disruption. Changes in the TIZ dimensions and shape were observed as source settings were varied. As the source energy was increased, the thermal lesions became larger by growing proximally towards the tissue surface. Maximum lesion depth closely approximated the pre-set focal depth of a given handpiece. Ultrasound imaging detected well-demarcated TIZ at depths within the porcine muscle tissue. Conclusion This study demonstrates the response of porcine tissue to various energy dose levels of Intense Ultrasound. Further study, especially on human facial tissue, is necessary in order to understand the utility of this modality in treating the aging face and potentially, other cosmetic applications. Lesers Surg. Med. 40:67,75, 2008. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]