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Beta Vulgaris L. (beta + vulgari_l)
Selected AbstractsSearching and oviposition behavior of a mymarid egg parasitoid, Anagrus nigriventris, on five host plant species of its leafhopper host, Circulifer tenellusENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA, Issue 1 2000A.K. Al-Wahaibi Abstract Searching and oviposition behavior and parasitization ability of Anagrus nigriventris Girault (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), an egg parasitoid of beet leafhopper, Circulifer tenellus (Baker) (Homoptera: Cicadellidae), were examined on five host plant species of beet leafhopper: sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.), red stem filaree (Erodium cicutarium[L.]), peppergrass (Lepidium nitidum Nuttall), desert plantain (Plantago ovata Forsskal), and London rocket (Sisymbrium irio L.). Beet leafhopper embeds its eggs in the tissues of these plant species. For each plant species, A. nigriventris behavior was examined on plants with and without beet leafhopper eggs. Experimental design was a 5 (plant species) by 2 (host eggs present/absent) factorial. Additionally within each treatment, parasitoid behavior was observed over a 22-h period at five different observation periods: t=0, 3, 6, 9, and 22 h where t=0 h represents initial exposure of the insect with the plant. The behavioral events observed were: ,fast walking' (general searching), ,slow walking' (intensive searching), ovipositor probing, grooming, feeding, and resting. Significant differences (,=0.05) among plant species in time spent on the plant, percentage of host eggs parasitized, and behavioral variables associated with intensive searching and oviposition all indicated that the plant species fell into two groups: ,preferred' plants (sugar beet, London rocket, and peppergrass), and ,unpreferred' plants (filaree and plantago). These variables also indicated that the parasitoids spent more time on, searched more, probed more, and oviposited more in plants with host eggs than plants without host eggs. Consistent effects of time (over the observation periods from t=0 to t=22 h) generally were detected only in the preferred plant species that had host eggs present. In these cases, intensive searching and probing decreased as time advanced, while variables related to general searching (,fast walking') and abandoning host egg patches (leaving the plant) tended to increase over time. [source] Leaf Carbon Isotope Discrimination and its Relation with Qualitative Root Traits and Harvest Index in Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.)JOURNAL OF AGRONOMY AND CROP SCIENCE, Issue 5 2003J. T. Tsialtas Abstract Twenty commercial sugar beet varieties were grown at two sites in central Greece during the 2001 growing season (March to October), in a completely randomized block design with three replications. Carbon isotope discrimination (,) in sugar beet leaves was found to be affected by site and marginally by variety. No relation was found between fresh root yield and ,, but significant correlations were found between , and sucrose content (positive) and between , and root ,-amino-N (negative). Also, the harvest index, determined at one site, was negatively correlated with ,. [source] Impact of Thermal Treatment on Color and Pigment Pattern of Red Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) PreparationsJOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE, Issue 6 2004K.M. Herbach ABSTRACT: The impact of heating at 85°C during 8 h on overall color and betalain pattern of red beet (Beta vulgaris L. ssp. vulgaris) juice was investigated. Although the hue angle of 358° in fresh juice was indicative of the typical red-purple appearance, heating for 8 h induced an unexpected shift to 62° resulting in a yellow-orange solution. To monitor the underlying structural alterations of betalains, a new high-performance liquid chromatography separation compatible with mass spectrometry was developed. Applying this method, 2 novel yellow neobetanin structures and 2 orange-red betanin degradation products were preliminarily identified, and neobetanin formation resulting from heat exposure was proven for the 1st time. These 5 compounds were held responsible for the orange shift of red beet juice during thermal treatment. The relevance of these findings for industrial beet processing was demonstrated by comparison of pigment patterns of heated red beet juice samples and a commercial concentrate. On the basis of these results, a scheme for the thermal degradation of betanin is proposed. [source] Sodium-induced calcium deficiency in sugar beet during substitution of potassium by sodiumJOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION AND SOIL SCIENCE, Issue 2 2009Abdul Wakeel Abstract Functions of sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) are closely associated. In some crops, Na+ is able to prevent or reduce considerably the occurrence of K+ deficiency. Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) is a natrophilic crop, and positive effects of Na+ applications on yield were observed when K+ was sufficiently supplied. However, it is not known which specific function of K+ can limit the growth of sugar beet when K+ is substituted by an equivalent amount of Na+. Therefore, K+ substitution by Na+ was investigated for sugar beet in hydroponics. Surprisingly, no K+ -deficiency symptoms were observed. However, calcium (Ca2+) concentrations in the leaves were significantly decreased. Moreover, Ca2+ uptake and translocation through xylem sap were reduced in Na+ -treated plants. It is concluded that Ca2+ uptake by roots and its translocation via xylem sap primarily limit the possibility of K+ substitution by Na+ in sugar beet nutrition. [source] Seasonal patterns of sucrose concentration in relation to other quality parameters of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.)JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE, Issue 1 2006Christine Kenter Abstract The chemical composition of sugar beet is the most important parameter affecting its processing. Sugar factories require beet with high concentrations of sucrose and low concentrations of melassigenic substances to maximise the amount of extractable sugar. In order to plan the processing campaign, forecasts of root and sugar yield by prediction models are possible but there are no means to predict the technical quality of the beet. In the present study, the seasonal development and physiological relationships of different parameters of sugar beet quality were analysed. In order to estimate possibilities for quality forecasts, the concentrations of beet quality variables in October were correlated with corresponding quality measurements in late summer and to weather variables during the growing season by linear regressions. In 2000 and 2001, 27 field trials were conducted on commercial farm fields in all sugar beet growing areas in Germany. From June to October, sequential samples were taken every 4 weeks and the concentrations of sucrose, potassium, sodium, total soluble nitrogen, ,-amino nitrogen, nitrate, betaine, reducing sugars and marc in the beet were determined. The sucrose concentration increased progressively until the final harvest date in autumn, whereas the concentrations of the melassigenic substances decreased markedly until late summer and remained fairly constant as the season progressed. Marc concentration was the most stable of the parameters analysed. The sucrose concentration was positively correlated with the concentrations of dry matter, betaine and marc, but negatively with nitrate concentration and leaf yield throughout the season. The correlation between the concentrations of sucrose and nitrogenous compounds measured in summer and their final concentrations in autumn was rather weak. However, it was close for potassium, sodium and marc and a satisfactory prediction of their final concentrations was possible by the end of August. Based on weather data, beet quality was not predictable. Therefore, it seems to be difficult to integrate beet quality parameters into prediction models. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry [source] Transgenic salt-tolerant sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) constitutively expressing an Arabidopsis thaliana vacuolar Na+/H+ antiporter gene, AtNHX3, accumulates more soluble sugar but less salt in storage rootsPLANT CELL & ENVIRONMENT, Issue 9 2008HUA LIU ABSTRACT In Arabidopsis thaliana, six vacuolar Na+/H+ antiporters (AtNHX1-6) were identified. Among them, AtNHX1, 2 and 5 are functional Na+/H+ antiporters with the most abundant expression levels in seedling shoots and roots. However, the expression of AtNHX3 in Arabidopsis can only be detected by RT-PCR, and its physiological function still remains unclear. In this work, we demonstrate that constitutive expression of AtNHX3 in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) conferred augmented resistance to high salinity on transgenic plants. In the presence of 300 or 500 mm NaCl, transgenic plants showed very high potassium accumulation in the roots and storage roots. Furthermore, the transcripts of sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), sucrose synthase (SS) and cell wall sucrose invertase (SI) genes were maintained in transgenic plants. The accumulation of soluble sugar in the storage roots of transgenic plants grown under high salt stress condition was also higher. Our results implicate that AtNHX3 is also a functional antiporter responsible for salt tolerance by mediating K+/H+ exchange in higher plants. The salt accumulation in leaves but not in the storage roots, and the increased yield of storage roots with enhanced constituent soluble sugar contents under salt stress condition demonstrate a great potential use of this gene in improving the quality and yield of crop plants. [source] | ||||||||||||||||